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Taccardi D, Chiesa A, Maiorani C, Pardo A, Lombardo G, Scribante A, Sabatini S, Butera A. Periodontitis and Depressive Disorders: The Effects of Antidepressant Drugs on the Periodontium in Clinical and Preclinical Models: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4524. [PMID: 39124790 PMCID: PMC11312867 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Several psychological conditions, including stress and depression, can adversely affect oral health; in fact, antidepressants, commonly used to treat depressive disorders, may have conflicting effects on the periodontal status of individuals. The aim of this review was to determine the effects of antidepressants on the periodontium. Methods: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, focusing on the use of antidepressants and their effects on periodontal health in animals or humans. Results: Seventeen articles have been included with the use of amitriptyline (two studies), desipramine (one study), imipramine (two studies), desvenlafaxine (one study), fluoxetine (six studies), venlafaxine (three studies) and tianeptine (two studies). One study evaluated several categories of antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic, atypical and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO). Most trials showed improvements in periodontal health, especially with fluoxetine, but also with imipramine, desipramine, desvenlafaxine and tianeptine; on the contrary, worsening of clinical periodontal indices and increased loss of alveolar bone were reported with venlafaxine. Conclusions: This review suggests that in the presence of comorbidity between periodontitis and depression, pharmacological treatment with SNRIs, SSRIs and mixed antidepressants is associated with improvement in periodontal parameters, except for venlafaxine. Healthcare professionals (especially oral and mental health professionals) should investigate proper adherence to medication therapy in patients with a history of periodontitis and depression. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Taccardi
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Carolina Maiorani
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessia Pardo
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy;
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabatini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (A.S.); (A.B.)
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Pardo A, Bonfante L, Signoriello A, Benetti A, Barillari M, Zanutto P, Lombardo G. Treatment of Intrabony Defects with Non-Surgical Subgingival Debridement: A Radiographic Evaluation of Bone Gain Using an Experimental Digital Software "Bone Defect Analysis (BDA)". J Clin Med 2024; 13:4315. [PMID: 39124582 PMCID: PMC11313186 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the 3-year radiographic outcomes of periodontal intrabony defects treated with non-surgical subgingival therapy (NST), assessing radiographic bone gain (RBG) through experimental digital software, named "Bone Defect Analysis (BDA)". Methods: The study included 17 intrabony defects in 14 patients. BDA software (version 1) was used on radiographs to calculate RBG (in %) and variations in defect angle (in °) between baseline (T0) and 3-year follow-up (T1). Soft tissue conditions were registered, reporting bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Defects were analyzed according to angles less (group A) or greater (group B) than 30°. Results: Nine and eight defects were, respectively, analyzed in groups A and B. Three years after treatment, an average RBG of 12.28% was found overall, with 13.25% and 10.11% for groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.28). Clinically, a mean CAL of 6.05 mm at T1 (from 10.94 mm at T0) was found, with 6.88 mm and 5.12 mm in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.07). Conclusions: BDA software demonstrated predictability in the evaluation of bone variations after NST, revealing better clinical findings for intrabony defects with an initial smaller angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pardo
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Laura Bonfante
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Annarita Signoriello
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Andrea Benetti
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Marco Barillari
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piero Zanutto
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Giorgio Lombardo
- Dentistry and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (L.B.); (A.B.); (G.L.)
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Al-Sharqi AJB, Abdulkareem AA, Gul S, Rawlinson A. Impact of Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment of Periodontitis Stages 2 and 3 on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1430. [PMID: 39057573 PMCID: PMC11276705 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outcomes. Periodontitis patients (n = 68) with moderately deep periodontal pockets were recruited. Responses to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. All patients received supra- and subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal. All clinical parameters and questionnaire responses were recorded again 3 months after NSPT. Clinical parameters and OHIP-14 scores for both stages of periodontitis were significantly improved 3 months after treatment. However, participants with periodontitis S3 had significantly higher total OHIP-14, physical pain, and functional limitation domains scores than periodontitis S2 cases. Baseline CAL, BOP, and the presence of PPD in anterior teeth were positively associated with increased OHIP-14 scores after NSPT. NSPT improved OHRQoL in participants with periodontitis S2 and S3. This was more pronounced in participants having periodontitis S3 than S2. Poorer OHRQoL could be anticipated in people having severe CAL, high BOP, and presence of pockets in the anterior teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J. B. Al-Sharqi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad P.O. Box 1417, Iraq;
| | - Ali A. Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al Mudam, Baghdad P.O. Box 1417, Iraq;
| | - Sarhang Gul
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah P.O. Box 70-236, Iraq;
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Andrew Rawlinson
- Academic Unit of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield S10 2TA, UK;
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Bardellini E, Amadori F, Rosselli L, Garo ML, Majorana A, Conti G. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Optimizing Treatment Protocols for Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:186. [PMID: 38920887 PMCID: PMC11203314 DOI: 10.3390/dj12060186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common challenge in pediatric patients with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), stemming from enamel porosity or exposed dentin after enamel breakdown. This three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three different desensitizing treatment protocols. The study was conducted on 39 children, aged 6-14 years old, with MIH and DH. Group A received casein phosphopeptide plus amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) mousse and sham light therapy, Group B received placebo mousse and photo-bio-modulation therapy (PMBT), and Group C received both CPP-ACPF mousse and PMBT. DH evaluation using a visual analogue scale was performed at multiple time points. Both CPP-ACPF mousse and PMBT individually demonstrated desensitizing effects on dental elements affected by MIH. While PMBT had a greater immediate effect, the combination of the two therapies proved most effective in reducing DH. The VAS scores were statistically lower in group C compared to groups A and B, both after the first session (p = 0.0001) and after 28 days (p = 0.0005). This study suggests promising avenues for managing DH in MIH patients, highlighting the potential of combined therapies, specifically CPP-ACPF mousse and PMBT, for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bardellini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.A.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Amadori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.A.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura Rosselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.A.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Alessandra Majorana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, School of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Brescia, Pl. Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.A.); (L.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulio Conti
- Department of Medicine e Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Insubria, Via Ravasi 2, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Najm KK, Gul SS, Abdulkareem AA. Efficacy of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy with Adjunctive Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue O Mediated Photodynamic in Treatment of Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Pract 2024; 14:954-964. [PMID: 38804408 PMCID: PMC11130800 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and toluidine blue O (TBO) photodynamic therapy (PDT) as adjuncts to root surface debridement (RSD). METHODS This split-mouth, randomized, controlled clinical trial included eighteen patients, and a total of 332 sites (control = 102, MB = 124 and TBO = 106) were examined. Two sessions of PDT were completed at baseline and two weeks after RSD. Clinical parameters of bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS PPD and BOP reductions in sites treated by RSD with adjunctive photosensitizers (MB and TBO) were significantly higher than in control sites. RSD with MB showed higher efficacy in improving moderately deep pockets (OR 3.350), while adjunctive TBO showed better results in treating deeper pockets (OR 4.643). CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that adjunctive use of MB and TBO to RSD could significantly improve periodontal pocket closure and reduce signs of inflammation. In addition, TBO seems to be more efficient in treating deep periodontal pockets than MB, which is more effective in resolving shallower pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashan Kamal Najm
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
| | - Sarhang Sarwat Gul
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq;
- Medical Laboratory Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
| | - Ali Abbas Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10011, Iraq;
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Pardo A, Fiorini V, Zangani A, Faccioni P, Signoriello A, Albanese M, Lombardo G. Topical Agents in Biofilm Disaggregation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2179. [PMID: 38673451 PMCID: PMC11050662 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: to evaluate the effectiveness of different topical agents in biofilm disaggregation during non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods: the search strategy was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 on Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, and it was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42023474232. It included studies comparing non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with and without the application of topical agents for biofilm disruption. A risk of bias analysis, a qualitative analysis, and a quantitative analysis were performed. Results: out of 1583 records, 11 articles were included: 10 randomized clinical trials and one retrospective analysis. The total number of participants considered in the 11 articles included in the study was 386. The primary outcomes were probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding indices. The secondary outcomes were plaque indices, gingival recessions, and microbiological parameters. The meta-analysis revealed the following: [Weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.62, -0.12), heterogeneity I2: 79%, statistical significance p = 0.004]. Conclusions: the meta-analysis of probing pocket depth reduction (PPD) between baseline and follow-up at 3-6 months showed a statistically significant result in favor of sulfonated phenolics gel. The scientific evidence is still limited and heterogeneous; further randomized clinical trials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Zangani
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy; (A.P.); (V.F.); (P.F.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (G.L.)
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Hartono V, Setiadharma Y, Rizany AK, Sulijaya B, Lessang R, Haerani N, Tadjoedin ES, Masulili SLC, Tadjoedin FM, Soeroso Y, Lachica MRCT. Mobile Application-Based Support for Periodontal Treatment Improves Clinical, Cognitive, and Psychomotor Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:63. [PMID: 38534287 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the clinical, cognitive, and psychomotor changes that emerged among patients with gingivitis and patients with periodontitis via mobile application assistance. Forty subjects were randomly and evenly distributed into test and control groups and were administered a professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) procedure. The clinical parameters examined were bleeding on probing (BoP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and the oral hygiene index (OHI-S). The test group was administered a mobile application intervention, namely PerioUICare, which provided users with continuous education and motivation and served as a daily dental hygiene reminder. The comparative results of the mean values of all parameters between the groups (inter-group) and within the groups (intra-group) after one- and three-month evaluations were analyzed. A one-month inter-group evaluation uncovered significant differences in the BoP, PPD, cognitive, and psychomotor scores of subjects with gingivitis and the BoP, OHI-S, cognitive, and psychomotor scores of subjects with periodontitis. A three-month inter-group evaluation revealed significant differences across all parameters except for PPD in subjects with periodontitis. The results of the intra-group comparison demonstrated statistically significant differences in all parameters in the test group but no significant differences in the cognitive and psychomotor scores of the control group. This study revealed that mobile application-based support for periodontal treatment can be considered effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdy Hartono
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yoga Setiadharma
- Periodontology Specialist Program, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Aurelle Khadeeja Rizany
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Robert Lessang
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Natalina Haerani
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Ette S Tadjoedin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Sri Lelyati C Masulili
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Pardo A, Signoriello A, Corrà M, Favero V, De’Manzoni Casarola R, Albanese M. Six-Month Soft Tissues Healing after Lower Third Molar Extraction: Comparison of Two Different Access Flaps. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7017. [PMID: 38002631 PMCID: PMC10672238 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As specific flap designs performed for lower third molar extractions usually influence periodontal healing of the adjacent first and second molars, this study aimed to evaluate the periodontal conditions of these sites after 6 months post-surgery. METHODS Forty patients, aged 14-30 years, were included. Surgical extraction of the lower third molar was performed through a flap with papilla detachment (a modified envelope technique with detachment of gingival papilla between the first and second molars) or a trapezoidal flap (characterized by mesial- and distal-releasing incisions). Periodontal parameters at the first and second molar sites were assessed for visible plaque index, bleeding on probing, recession, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss before surgery (T0), one month (T1), and six months after extraction (T2). RESULTS No statistical differences were found for the plaque and bleeding indexes between the two flaps at each observation time and considering both time intervals. For recession, no statistical differences were found between the two flaps considering the final time interval. For probing pocket depth at the second molar site, both techniques registered a significant increase between T0 and T1, followed by a decrease up to T2. For clinical attachment loss, mean values assessed for the first and second molar sites demonstrated evidently increased values between T0 and T1, followed by moderate decreases up to T2. CONCLUSIONS Considering short (T1) and mid-term (T2) follow-ups, a specific flap design does not seem to particularly influence periodontal healing six months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pardo
- Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (V.F.); (R.D.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Annarita Signoriello
- Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.C.); (V.F.); (R.D.C.); (M.A.)
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Bechir ES. The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of LANAP Compared to Scaling and Root Planing Alone in the Management of Periodontal Conditions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2450. [PMID: 37510194 PMCID: PMC10378219 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two therapeutic procedures clinically and microbiologically in the management of periodontally affected teeth: scaling and root planing alone and the laser-assisted new attachment procedure (LANAP). Molecular biological determinations of bacterial markers through the polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method with standard PET tests (species-specific DNA probes at a time) were used for the quantification of three of the most important periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola). Both nonsurgical periodontal therapies were proven effective in patients with chronic periodontal disease; however, LANAP was associated with a greater reduction in pocket depth and improved clinical outcomes, associated with a significant decrease in the amount of Porphyromonas gingivalis. The clinical results included a decrease in periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and dental plaque, with LANAP having better overall outcomes than SRP alone. The use of Nd:YAG lasers in LANAP therapy is a safe and effective procedure that is well accepted by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Sever Bechir
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Ding M, Yuwen L, Wang L. On-Demand Free Radical Release by Laser Irradiation for Photothermal-Thermodynamic Biofilm Inactivation and Tooth Whitening. Gels 2023; 9:554. [PMID: 37504433 PMCID: PMC10379348 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental diseases associated with biofilm infections and tooth staining affect billions of people worldwide. In this study, we combine photothermal agents (MoS2@BSA nanosheets, MB NSs), a thermolysis free-radical initiator (AIPH), and carbomer gel to develop laser-responsive hydrogel (MBA-CB Gel) for biofilm inactivating and tooth whitening. Under a physiological temperature without laser irradiation, MB NSs can eliminate free radicals generated from the slow decomposition of AIPH due to their antioxidative activity, thereby avoiding potential side effects. A cytotoxicity study indicates that MB NSs can protect mammalian cells from the free radicals released from AIPH without laser irradiation. Upon exposure to laser irradiation, MB NSs promote the rapid decomposition of AIPH to release free radicals by photothermal effect, suggesting their on-demand release ability of free radicals. In vitro experimental results show that the bacteria inactivation efficiency is 99.91% (3.01 log units) for planktonic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and 99.98% (3.83 log units) for planktonic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the mixed solution of MB NSs and AIPH (MBA solution) under 808 nm laser irradiation (1.0 W/cm2, 5 min). For S. mutans biofilms, an MBA solution can inactivate 99.97% (3.63 log units) of the bacteria under similar laser irradiation conditions. Moreover, MBA-CB Gel can whiten an indigo carmine-stained tooth under laser irradiation after 60 min of laser treatment, and the color difference (ΔE) in the teeth of the MBA-CB Gel treatment group was 10.9 times that of the control group. This study demonstrates the potential of MBA-CB Gel as a promising platform for biofilm inactivation and tooth whitening. It is worth noting that, since this study only used stained models of extracted teeth, the research results may not fully reflect the actual clinic situation. Future clinical research needs to further validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medicine School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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