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Nagy B, Protzner AB, Czigler B, Gaál ZA. Resting-state neural dynamics changes in older adults with post-COVID syndrome and the modulatory effect of cognitive training and sex. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01324-8. [PMID: 39210163 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome manifests with numerous neurological and cognitive symptoms, the precise origins of which are still not fully understood. As females and older adults are more susceptible to developing this condition, our study aimed to investigate how post-COVID syndrome alters intrinsic brain dynamics in older adults and whether biological sex and cognitive training might modulate these effects, with a specific focus on older females. The participants, aged between 60 and 75 years, were divided into three experimental groups: healthy old female, post-COVID old female and post-COVID old male. They underwent an adaptive task-switching training protocol. We analysed multiscale entropy and spectral power density of resting-state EEG data collected before and after the training to assess neural signal complexity and oscillatory power, respectively. We found no difference between post-COVID females and males before training, indicating that post-COVID similarly affected both sexes. However, cognitive training was effective only in post-COVID females and not in males, by modulating local neural processing capacity. This improvement was further evidenced by comparing healthy and post-COVID females, wherein the latter group showed increased finer timescale entropy (1-30 ms) and higher frequency band power (11-40 Hz) before training, but these differences disappeared following cognitive training. Our results suggest that in older adults with post-COVID syndrome, there is a pronounced shift from more global to local neural processing, potentially contributing to accelerated neural aging in this condition. However, cognitive training seems to offer a promising intervention method for modulating these changes in brain dynamics, especially among females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Nagy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea B Protzner
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Zsófia Anna Gaál
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Tacchini-Jacquier N, Monnay S, Coquoz N, Bonvin E, Verloo H. Patient-Reported Experiences of Persistent Post-COVID-19 Conditions After Hospital Discharge During the Second and Third Waves of the Pandemic in Switzerland: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e47465. [PMID: 39197160 PMCID: PMC11391158 DOI: 10.2196/47465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 should recover within a few weeks. However, even those with mild versions can experience symptoms lasting 4 weeks or longer. These post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) comprise various new, returning, or ongoing symptoms that can last for months or years and cause disability. Few studies have investigated PCC using self-reports from discharged patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 to complement clinical and biomarker studies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate self-reported, persistent PCC among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who were discharged during the second and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We designed, pretested, and posted an ad hoc paper questionnaire to all eligible inpatients discharged between October 2020 and April 2021. At 4 months post discharge, we collected data on PCC and scores for the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), a Brief Memory Screening Scale (Q3PC), and a posttraumatic stress disorder scale (PCL-5). Descriptive, inferential, and multivariate linear regression statistics assessed PCC symptomatology, associations, and differences regarding sociodemographic characteristics and hospital length of stay (LOS). We examined whether our variables of interest significantly predicted MFI scores. RESULTS Of the 1993 valid questionnaires returned, 245 were from discharged patients with SARS-CoV-2 (median age 71, IQR 62.7-77 years). Only 28.2% (69/245) of respondents were symptom-free after 4 months. Women had significantly more persistent PCC symptoms than men (P≤.001). Patients with a hospital LOS ≥11 days had more PCC symptoms as well (P<.001)-women had more symptoms and longer LOS. No significant differences were found between age groups (18-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years old; P=.50) or between intensive care units and other hospitalization units (P=.09). Patients self-reported significantly higher PHQ-4 scores during their hospitalization than at 4 months later (P<.001). Three-fourth (187/245, 76.4%) of the respondents reported memory loss and concentration disorders (Q3PC). No significant differences in the median MFI score (56, IQR 1-3, range 50-60]) were associated with sociodemographic variables. Patients with a hospital LOS of ≥11 days had a significantly higher median PCL-5 score (P<.001). Multivariate linear regression allowed us to calculate that the combination of PHQ-4, Q3PC, and PCL-5 scores, adjusted for age, sex, and LOS (of either ≥11 days [median 2 symptoms, IQR 1-5] or <11 days), did not significantly predict MFI scores (R2=0.09; F4,7 =1.5; P=.22; adjusted R2=0.06). CONCLUSIONS The majority of inpatients infected with SARS-CoV-2 presented with PCC 4 months after discharge, with complex clinical pictures. Only one-third of them were symptom-free during that time. Based on our findings, MFI scores were not directly related to self-reported depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic scores adjusted for age, sex, or LOS. Further research is needed to explore PCC and fatigue based on self-reported health experiences of discharged inpatients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sévrine Monnay
- Social Affairs and Human Resources, Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Bonvin
- General Direction, Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Henk Verloo
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Sion, Switzerland
- Valais Hospitals, Sion, Switzerland
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Lavolpe S, Beretta N, Bonaldi S, Tronci S, Albano G, Bombardieri E, Merlo P. Medium- and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 in a Population of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: Cognitive and Psychological Sequelae and Quality of Life Six Months and One Year after Discharge. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1624. [PMID: 39201182 PMCID: PMC11354111 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12161624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Most researchers have assessed cognitive functions in post-COVID-19 patients by means of screening tools and found cognitive sequelae in addition to anxiety, stress, depression, and a reduced quality of life (QoL). This study was aimed at investigating cognitive and psychological sequelae in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) six months (t6) and one year (t12) after discharge from the hospital, the impact of critical illness on well-being and QoL, and the protective role of cognitive reserve (CR). Twenty-three ICU patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological test battery at t6 and t12; a healthy control group underwent the same evaluation. Patient scores were compared with control scores: patients reported significantly lower scores in visual-spatial functions, both at t6 (U = 122; p = 0.033) and at t12 (U = 70; p = 0.003), and higher levels of anxiety (U = 126; p = 0.043) and depression (U = 97; p = 0.005) at t6; the levels of anxiety decreased at t12, while only depression symptoms persisted (U = 99.5; p = 0.025). Regarding the QoL, patients obtained lower scores in the physical component of QoL, both at t6 (U = 72; p = 0.008) and at t12 (U = 56.5; p = 0.005). Few and moderate correlations emerged between isolated cognitive functions and CR and the length of hospital stay. The results suggest a prevalent visual-spatial involvement, the medium- and long-term persistence of psychological sequelae, and a reduced QoL in ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lavolpe
- Neurology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (N.B.); (S.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Natascia Beretta
- Neurology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (N.B.); (S.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Sofia Bonaldi
- Neurology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (N.B.); (S.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefano Tronci
- Neurology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (N.B.); (S.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Giovanni Albano
- Intensive Care Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy;
| | | | - Paola Merlo
- Neurology Unit, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy; (N.B.); (S.B.); (S.T.)
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Ursescu C, Teodoru G, Bucurica S, Nica RI, Lazăr ȘD, Popescu MN, Ciobanu I, Berteanu M. Using the ClinFIT COVID-19 Instrument to Assess the Functional Impairments Specific to Post-COVID-19 Patients in Romania. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1540. [PMID: 39061679 PMCID: PMC11275825 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has led to approximately 3.5 million cases in Romania, causing systemic inflammation and over 200 symptoms affecting various body systems. This complexity has challenged rehabilitation systems, necessitating personalized plans tailored to each patient's illness stage and impairment level. The ISPRM-developed ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument, aligned with the ICF categories, assists in assessing patients during acute, post-acute, and long-term phases. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and assess functional impairments in post-COVID-19 patients in Romania, with a secondary goal of generating rehabilitation directions. METHODS Data were collected from patients at two Bucharest medical centers, including those with persistent symptoms post-acute phase. Participants were assessed using the adapted ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument, and descriptive statistics were applied. CONCLUSIONS Findings revealed diverse functional impairments in physical, psychological, and social domains among post-COVID-19 patients, with severe impairments more common in those with long-term COVID-19. Complete impairment in complex movement and paid work was noted, affecting one-third of salaried employees and forcing some to retire. In the acute phase, the most frequent functional impairments were sleep, attention, pain sensation, and exercise tolerance functions. In contrast, the most severely affected functions were exercise tolerance and mobility joint functions. Age did not positively correlate with any of the analyzed functions. In the post-acute phase, sleep, energy, and drive functions remained the most frequently affected functions, while the most severely affected was, by far, the moving around function. In the post-acute period, respiratory and respiratory muscle functions strongly correlated with all tasks related to physical activity. In the long COVID-19 phase, remunerative employment was the most severely affected function, while attention functions remained the most frequently affected, similar to the acute phase. The ClinFIT COVID-19 instrument effectively captured these impairments, underscoring the need for comprehensive rehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ursescu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gigi Teodoru
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandica Bucurica
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Discipline of General Surgery, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, University Emergency Central Military Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan Dragoș Lazăr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Marius Nicolae Popescu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Ileana Ciobanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Mihai Berteanu
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (M.N.P.); (I.C.); (M.B.)
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Emıroglu C, Gorpelıoglu S, Ozagar SD, Demır P, Aypak C. Prevalence and risk factors of psychological symptoms and quality of life in COVID-19 survivors: A cross-sectional study of three different populations. Int J Nurs Pract 2024; 30:e13202. [PMID: 37771143 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Studies of the effects of COVID-19, especially post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, on psychological health in non-severe cases are limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of psychological symptoms, and quality-of-life in three groups of outpatients, hospitalized and intensive care patients. METHODS A total 276 patients, previously confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, attending the COVID-19 follow-up outpatient clinic from December 2020 to July 2021 were interviewed face-to-face. In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, all participants were asked our self-designed demographic and screening questions to assess their psychological symptoms and administered the WHQOOL-BREF survey to evaluate quality of life. RESULTS In screening questions, major depressive disorder symptoms were detected at a rate of 20.3%, generalized anxiety disorder symptoms at a rate of 16.7%, panic attack symptoms at a rate of 10.9%, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms at a rate of 28.6% and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms at a rate of 18.1%. The outpatient group with COVID-19 infection had a higher risk of developing psychological symptoms and decreased quality of life. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection was found to have a considerable psychological impact on those treated as outpatients despite the less severe course of their illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Emıroglu
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ziraat Mahallesi, Dışkapı Altındağ Ankara, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Gorpelıoglu
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ziraat Mahallesi, Dışkapı Altındağ Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Demirelli Ozagar
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ziraat Mahallesi, Dışkapı Altındağ Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pervin Demır
- Department of Statistics, University of Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Aypak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ziraat Mahallesi, Dışkapı Altındağ Ankara, Turkey
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Gollapudi S, Chimurkar V. Comprehensive Insights Into the Multi-faceted Manifestations of COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e63493. [PMID: 39081420 PMCID: PMC11287236 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing COVID-19 pandemic had far-reaching and multifaceted effects on global health. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, extrapulmonary, and psychological manifestations associated with COVID-19. It highlights the wide-ranging impact of the virus on various organ systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, ocular, dermatologic, and nervous systems. Additionally, it explores the complex connections between COVID-19 infection and neuropsychiatric symptoms, shedding light on the potential underlying mechanisms. The paper also delves into the phenomenon of "long COVID," a condition characterized by persistent symptoms extending well beyond the disease's acute phase. It discusses the diverse and often debilitating symptoms that individuals with long COVID may experience, encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychological aspects. The complexity and variability of long COVID underscore the challenges it poses to healthcare professionals and the importance of ongoing research to understand its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the paper touches on the current state of knowledge regarding the aetiology of long COVID and the various approaches to symptom management and treatment. While a definitive cure remains elusive, efforts are underway to alleviate the burden of long COVID through pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and support networks. This paper comprehensively explores COVID-19's far-reaching effects, emphasizing the need for a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to understanding and managing the diverse manifestations of this global health challenge. Ongoing research and collaborative efforts are essential in addressing the complex and evolving nature of COVID-19 and its aftermath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairama Gollapudi
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vilas Chimurkar
- Department of Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Jurek JM, Castro-Marrero J. A Narrative Review on Gut Microbiome Disturbances and Microbial Preparations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Implications for Long COVID. Nutrients 2024; 16:1545. [PMID: 38892479 PMCID: PMC11173566 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and long COVID are complex, multisystemic and long-term disabling conditions characterized by debilitating post-exertional malaise and other core symptoms related to immune dysregulation resultant from post-viral infection, including mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic neuroinflammation and gut dysbiosis. The reported associations between altered microbiota composition and cardinal symptoms of ME/CFS and long COVID suggest that the use of microbial preparations, such as probiotics, by restoring the homeostasis of the brain-immune-gut axis, may help in the management of symptoms in both conditions. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the implications of alerted gut microbiome and assess the evidence supporting use of microbial-based preparations, including probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics alone and/or in combination with other nutraceuticals in the management of fatigue, inflammation and neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms among patients with ME/CFS and long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Michalina Jurek
- Unit of Research in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID, Rheumatology Research Division, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesus Castro-Marrero
- Unit of Research in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID, Rheumatology Research Division, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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Barilaite E, Watson H, Hocaoglu MB. Understanding Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Adult Survivors Experiencing Long-Term Effects After COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review. J Patient Cent Res Rev 2024; 11:36-50. [PMID: 38596351 PMCID: PMC11000699 DOI: 10.17294/2330-0698.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used in individuals experiencing long-term effects from COVID-19 infection, or Long COVID, to evaluate the quality of life and functional status of these individuals. However, little is known about which PROMs are being utilised and the psychometric properties of these PROMs. Our purpose was thus to explore which PROMs are used in Long COVID patients and to discuss the psychometric properties of the PROMs. Methods For this rapid review, a systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The found studies were screened using the PRISMA flowchart. We then performed study quality appraisal and assessed the psychometric properties of the found PROMs. Results Per the systematic literature search and after removal of duplicates, 157 publications were identified for individual screening. After screening and eligibility assessment, 74 articles were selected for our review. In total, 74 PROMs were used and primarily comprised quality of life, fatigue, breathlessness, mental health, and smell/taste issues in COVID "long haulers." Five studies used newly developed, COVID-19-specific PROMs. We assessed the psychometric properties of the 10 most-used PROMs. The majority were found to be reliable and valid instruments. EQ-5D-5L was the most popular and highly rated PROM. Conclusions We assessed PROMs used in Long COVID patients and evaluated their psychometric properties. EQ-5D-5L was the most favourably rated PROM. PROMs addressing mental health issues are crucial in managing anxiety and depression in Long COVID patients. New COVID-specific PROMs assess functional status and smell/taste perception and show great utilisation potential in olfactory training at COVID smell clinics. However, many reviewed PROMs currently lack sufficient analysis of their psychometric properties. Therefore, future research needs to examine these measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Barilaite
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Watson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mevhibe B Hocaoglu
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gheorghita R, Soldanescu I, Lobiuc A, Caliman Sturdza OA, Filip R, Constantinescu – Bercu A, Dimian M, Mangul S, Covasa M. The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344086. [PMID: 38500880 PMCID: PMC10944866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with the virus, a significant proportion of them continue to experience health issues weeks, months and even years after acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. This persistence of clinical symptoms in infected individuals for at least three months after the onset of the disease or the emergence of new symptoms lasting more than two months, without any other explanation and alternative diagnosis have been named long COVID, long-haul COVID, post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Long COVID has been characterized as a constellation of symptoms and disorders that vary widely in their manifestations. Further, the mechanisms underlying long COVID are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. This review describes predictors and the most common symptoms related to long COVID's effects on the central and peripheral nervous system and other organs and tissues. Furthermore, the transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways and risk factors for long COVID, such as sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during acute phase of COVID-19, vaccination, and lifestyle are presented. Finally, recommendations for patient rehabilitation and disease management, as well as alternative therapeutical approaches to long COVID sequelae are discussed. Understanding the complexity of this disease, its symptoms across multiple organ systems and overlapping pathologies and its possible mechanisms are paramount in developing diagnostic tools and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Iuliana Soldanescu
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Olga Adriana Caliman Sturdza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | - Roxana Filip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | - Adela Constantinescu – Bercu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Hemostasis Research Unit, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Department of Computer, Electronics and Automation, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States
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10
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Rittmannsberger H, Barth M, Lamprecht B, Malik P, Yazdi-Zorn K. [Interaction of somatic findings and psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19. A scoping review]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2024; 38:1-23. [PMID: 38055146 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-023-00487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
An infection with SARS-CoV‑2 can affect the central nervous system, leading to neurological as well as psychiatric symptoms. In this respect, mechanisms of inflammation seem to be of much greater importance than the virus itself. This paper deals with the possible contributions of organic changes to psychiatric symptomatology and deals especially with delirium, cognitive symptoms, depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder and psychosis. Processes of neuroinflammation with infection of capillary endothelial cells and activation of microglia and astrocytes releasing high amounts of cytokines seem to be of key importance in all kinds of disturbances. They can lead to damage in grey and white matter, impairment of cerebral metabolism and loss of connectivity. Such neuroimmunological processes have been described as a organic basis for many psychiatric disorders, as affective disorders, psychoses and dementia. As the activation of the glia cells can persist for a long time after the offending agent has been cleared, this can contribute to long term sequalae of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Rittmannsberger
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Österreich.
| | - Martin Barth
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Österreich
| | - Bernd Lamprecht
- Med Campus III, Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Österreich
- Medizinische Fakultät, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Österreich
| | - Peter Malik
- Abteilung Psychiatrie und psychotherapeutische Medizin, Pyhrn-Eisenwurzen Klinikum Steyr, Steyr, Österreich
| | - Kurosch Yazdi-Zorn
- Neuromed Campus, Klinik für Psychiatrie mit Schwerpunkt Suchtmedizin, Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH, Linz, Österreich
- Medizinische Fakultät, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Linz, Österreich
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11
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Azargoonjahromi A. Role of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Brain Cells. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:61-78. [PMID: 38315740 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, can have neurological effects, including cognitive symptoms like brain fog and memory problems. Research on the neurological effects of COVID-19 is ongoing, and factors such as inflammation, disrupted blood flow, and damage to blood vessels may contribute to cognitive symptoms. Notably, some authors and existing evidence suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can enter the central nervous system through different routes, including the olfactory nerve and the bloodstream. COVID-19 infection has been associated with neurological symptoms such as altered consciousness, headaches, dizziness, and mental disorders. The exact mechanisms and impact on memory formation and brain shrinkage are still being studied. This review will focus on pathways such as the olfactory nerve and blood-brain barrier disruption, and it will then highlight the interactions of the virus with different cell types in the brain, namely neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azargoonjahromi
- Researcher in Neuroscience, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Seighali N, Abdollahi A, Shafiee A, Amini MJ, Teymouri Athar MM, Safari O, Faghfouri P, Eskandari A, Rostaii O, Salehi AH, Soltani H, Hosseini M, Abhari FS, Maghsoudi MR, Jahanbakhshi B, Bakhtiyari M. The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:105. [PMID: 38321404 PMCID: PMC10848453 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post COVID-19 syndrome, also known as "Long COVID," is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder in individuals coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS A rigorous search of electronic databases was conducted to identify original studies until 24 January 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised studies employing previously validated assessment tools for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, reporting prevalence rates, and encompassing patients of all age groups and geographical regions for subgroup analysis Random effects model was utilized for the meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was done. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome was estimated to be 23% (95% CI: 20%-26%; I2 = 99.9%) based on data from 143 studies with 7,782,124 participants and 132 studies with 9,320,687 participants, respectively. The pooled prevalence of sleep disorder among these patients, derived from 27 studies with 15,362 participants, was estimated to be 45% (95% CI: 37%-53%; I2 = 98.7%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical regions and assessment scales revealed significant variations in prevalence rates. Meta-regression analysis showed significant correlations between the prevalence and total sample size of studies, the age of participants, and the percentage of male participants. Publication bias was assessed using Doi plot visualization and the Peters test, revealing a potential source of publication bias for depression (p = 0.0085) and sleep disorder (p = 0.02). However, no evidence of publication bias was found for anxiety (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a considerable burden of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, among individuals recovering from COVID-19. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive mental health support and tailored interventions for patients experiencing persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Seighali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Abdollahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arman Shafiee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Amini
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Omid Safari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parsa Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alireza Eskandari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Omid Rostaii
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Salehi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Soltani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Hosseini
- Student research committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Faeze Soltani Abhari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Bahar Jahanbakhshi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Community Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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13
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Colombo B, Fusi G, Christopher KB. The Effect of COVID-19 on Middle-Aged Adults' Mental Health: A Mixed-Method Case-Control Study on the Moderating Effect of Cognitive Reserve. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:163. [PMID: 38255053 PMCID: PMC10815714 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the vulnerability of adults to mental health effects, and the study of protective factors has become crucial. Cognitive reserve (CR) is a well-known protective factor against cognitive decline and several health factors; however, its protective effect on mental health during the pandemic has been rarely addressed. Thus, this study explored, through a mixed-method design, the effect of CR on perceived distress and PTSD-like symptoms in middle-aged participants who have survived severe COVID-19 and a matched control group. A total of 432 participants filled out self-report measures of CR, PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and were also asked to provide narration about their COVID-19-related experience. COVID-19 significantly affected the chances of reporting different mental health symptoms; levels of CR played a protective role in reducing their severity. Moreover, adults with higher CR seemed to be more realistic, focusing less on positive emotions, and elaborating more on the sense of anxiety when describing their experience: this might be an indication of a lower use of suppression to regulate emotions. Practical implications of these findings and future directions have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colombo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, Champlain College, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Giulia Fusi
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Kenneth B. Christopher
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Liu Y, Li Y, Hang Y, Wang L, Wang J, Bao N, Kim Y, Jang HW. Rapid assays of SARS-CoV-2 virus and noble biosensors by nanomaterials. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:2. [PMID: 38190075 PMCID: PMC10774473 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 has spread rapidly across the world to form a global epidemic of respiratory infectious diseases. Increased investigations on diagnostic tools are currently implemented to assist rapid identification of the virus because mass and rapid diagnosis might be the best way to prevent the outbreak of the virus. This critical review discusses the detection principles, fabrication techniques, and applications on the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 with three categories: rapid nuclear acid augmentation test, rapid immunoassay test and biosensors. Special efforts were put on enhancement of nanomaterials on biosensors for rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Future developments are suggested regarding potential candidates in hospitals, clinics and laboratories for control and prevention of large-scale epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilong Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuteng Hang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- NantongEgens Biotechnology Co., LTD, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Bao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Bradley H, Fine D, Minai Y, Gilabert L, Gregory K, Smith L, Gao W, Giase G, Krogh-Jespersen S, Zhang Y, Wakschlag L, Brito NH, Feliciano I, Thomason M, Cabral L, Panigrahy A, Potter A, Cioffredi LA, Smith BA. Maternal perceived stress and infant behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:2098-2104. [PMID: 37500757 PMCID: PMC10665182 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress has negative consequences on infant behavioral development, and COVID-19 presented uniquely stressful situations to mothers of infants born during the pandemic. We hypothesized that mothers with higher levels of perceived stress during the pandemic would report higher levels of infant regulatory problems including crying and interrupted sleep patterns. METHODS As part 6 sites of a longitudinal study, mothers of infants born during the pandemic completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, and an Infant Crying survey at 6 (n = 433) and 12 (n = 344) months of infant age. RESULTS Maternal perceived stress, which remained consistent at 6 and 12 months of infant age, was significantly positively correlated with time taken to settle infants. Although maternal perceived stress was not correlated with uninterrupted sleep length, time taken to put the infant to sleep was correlated. Perceived stress was also correlated with the amount of infant crying and fussiness reported at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Mothers who reported higher levels of perceived stress during the pandemic reported higher levels of regulatory problems, specifically at 6 months. Examining how varying levels of maternal stress and infant behaviors relate to overall infant developmental status over time is an important next step. IMPACT Women giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic who reported higher levels of stress on the Perceived Stress Scale also reported higher levels of infant fussiness and crying at 6 months old, and more disruptive sleep patterns in their infants at 6 months and 12 months old. Sleeping problems and excessive crying in infancy are two regulatory problems that are known risk factors for emotional and behavioral issues in later childhood. This paper is one of the first studies highlighting the associations between maternal stress and infant behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Bradley
- Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dana Fine
- Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasmin Minai
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Gilabert
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Gregory
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne Smith
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina Giase
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie H Brito
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Integra Feliciano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Moriah Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Cabral
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Potter
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Psychiatry, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Leigh-Anne Cioffredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont Medical Center, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Beth A Smith
- Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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16
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Saucier J, Comeau D, Robichaud GA, Chamard-Witkowski L. Reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation: prime suspects in the pathophysiology of post-acute neuroCOVID-19 syndrome. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1221266. [PMID: 37693763 PMCID: PMC10492094 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1221266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the repercussions from the COVID-19 pandemic continue to unfold, an ever-expanding body of evidence suggests that infection also elicits pathophysiological manifestations within the central nervous system (CNS), known as neurological symptoms of post-acute sequelae of COVID infection (NeuroPASC). Although the neurological impairments and repercussions associated with NeuroPASC have been well described in the literature, its etiology remains to be fully characterized. Objectives This mini-review explores the current literature that elucidates various mechanisms underlining NeuroPASC, its players, and regulators, leading to persistent neuroinflammation of affected individuals. Specifically, we provide some insights into the various roles played by microglial and astroglial cell reactivity in NeuroPASC and how these cell subsets potentially contribute to neurological impairment in response to the direct or indirect mechanisms of CNS injury. Discussion A better understanding of the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with this maladaptive neuroimmune response will thus provide better diagnostic strategies for NeuroPASC and reveal new potential mechanisms for therapeutic intervention. Altogether, the elucidation of NeuroPASC pathogenesis will improve patient outcomes and mitigate the socioeconomic burden of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Saucier
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Comeau
- Centre de médecine de précision du Nouveau-Brunswick, Vitality Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Gilles A. Robichaud
- Centre de médecine de précision du Nouveau-Brunswick, Vitality Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Ludivine Chamard-Witkowski
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de médecine de précision du Nouveau-Brunswick, Vitality Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Vitality Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada
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17
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Aloè T, Novelli F, Puppo G, Pinelli V, Barisione E, Trucco E, Costanzo R, Covesnon MG, Grillo F, Zoccali P, Milanese M, Maniscalco S, Tagliabue E, Piroddi IMG, Venturi S, Serra M, Scordamaglia F, Ferrari M, Serafini A. Prevalence of Long COVID Symptoms Related to SARS-CoV-2 Strains. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1558. [PMID: 37511933 PMCID: PMC10381360 DOI: 10.3390/life13071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed the differences of patterns of Long COVID (L-COVID) with regards to the pathogenetic SARS-CoV-2 strains. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics of acute phase of infection and the persistence of L-COVID symptoms and clinical presentation across different SARS-CoV-2 strains. METHODS In this observational-multicenter study we recorded all demographic and clinical characteristics, severity of infection, presence/persistence of symptoms of fatigue, dyspnoea and altered quality of life (QoL) at baseline and after 6 months, in a sample of Italian patients from Liguria between March 2020 and March 2022. RESULTS 308 patients (mean age 63.2 years; 55.5% men) with previous COVID were enrolled. Obese patients were 21.2% with a significant difference in obesity prevalence across the second and third wave (p = 0.012). Treatment strategies differed between waves (p < 0.001): more patients required invasive mechanical ventilation in the first wave, more patients were treated with high-flow nasal cannula/non-invasive ventilation in the in the second and more patients were treated with oxygen-therapy in the fourth wave. At baseline, a high proportion of patients were symptomatic (dyspnoea and fatigue), with impairment in some QoL indicators. A higher prevalence of patients with pain, were seen in the first wave compared to later infections (p = 0.01). At follow-up, we observed improvement of dyspnoea, fatigue and some dimensions of QoL scale evaluation such as mobility, usual activities, pain evaluations; instead there was no improvement in remaining QoL scale indicators (usual care and anxiety-depression). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in the prevalence of the most frequent L-COVID symptoms, except for QoL pain domain that was especially associated with classical variant. Our results show substantial impact on social and professional life and usual care activities. These findings highlight the importance of multidisciplinary post COVID follow-up care including mental health support and rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Aloè
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Emanuela Barisione
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Trucco
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Civile, 18100 Imperia, Italy
| | - Roberta Costanzo
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Villa Scassi, ASL3 Genovese, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Università degli Studi di Genova, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Manlio Milanese
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale S.Corona, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Sara Maniscalco
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale S.Corona, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Elena Tagliabue
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ines Maria Grazia Piroddi
- Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simonetta Venturi
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Villa Scassi, ASL3 Genovese, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pulmonology Unit, Ospedale Villa Scassi, ASL3 Genovese, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marta Ferrari
- Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy
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18
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Kamamuta A, Takagi Y, Takahashi M, Kurihara K, Shibata H, Tanaka K, Hata K. Fatigue Potentially Reduces the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Depression Following COVID-19 and Its Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1151. [PMID: 37514967 PMCID: PMC10383898 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19's long-term effects, known as Long-COVID, present psychiatric and physical challenges in recovered patients. Similarly, rare long-term post-vaccination side effects, resembling Long-COVID, are emerging (called Post-Vaccine). However, effective treatments for both conditions are scarce. Our clinical experience suggests that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) often aids recovery in Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients. However, its effectiveness is reduced in patients with severe fatigue. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed Tokyo TMS Clinic's outpatient records (60 in total; mean age, 38 years) to compare Long-COVID and post-vaccine patients' characteristics and symptoms, assess the impact of TMS on their symptoms, and investigate the role of fatigue in depression recovery with TMS. The primary outcome was the regression coefficient of the initial fatigue score on depression score improvement using TMS. Secondary outcomes included psychiatric/physical scores before and after TMS and their improvement rates. We found no differences in the initial symptoms and background factors between Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients. After ten TMS sessions, all psychiatric and physical symptom scores improved significantly. TMS improves depression, insomnia, anxiety, and related neuropsychiatric symptoms, which were the primary complaints in this study. Thus, we conclude that TMS improves depression and anxiety. The effectiveness of TMS in treating depression in Long-COVID and Post-Vaccine patients decreased as fatigue severity increased. In conclusion, TMS relieved depressive symptoms following COVID-19 and vaccination; however, fatigue may hinder its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katsuhiko Hata
- Tokyo TMS Clinic, Tokyo 150-0021, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Department of Neuroscience, Research Center for Mathematical Medicine, Tokyo 183-0014, Japan
- Department of Sports and Medical Science, Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo 206-8515, Japan
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19
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Feng BW, Rong PJ. Acupoint stimulation for long COVID: A promising intervention:. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2023:S1003-5257(23)00038-7. [PMID: 37363407 PMCID: PMC10232723 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
"Long COVID" is a sustained symptom following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). According to recent statistics, at least 65 million people have long COVID, which poses a long-term threat to human health. The pathogenic mechanisms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are complex and affect multiple organs and systems. Common symptoms include palpitations, breathing difficulties, attention and memory deficits, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. It is difficult to achieve satisfactory treatment effect with a single intervention. Currently, treatment strategies for long COVID are still in the exploratory stage, and there is an urgent need to find appropriate and effective methods for long COVID treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine is effective in treating the various phases of COVID-19. Previous studies have shown that acupoint stimulation therapy is effective in improving palpitations, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and other symptoms in patients. According to previous studies, acupoint stimulation may improve various symptoms related to long COVID. This paper discusses the potential application value of acupoint stimulation in the treatment of long COVID-related symptoms, based on the common sequelae of various systems involved in long COVID, and the effect of acupoint stimulation in the treatment of similar symptoms and diseases in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Feng
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China (,100700,)
| | - Pei-Jing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China (,100700,)
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20
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Gujral HS, Sahasrabudhe TR, Nirmala MA. A Systematic Evaluation of Risk Predictors for COVID-19 Sequelae. Cureus 2023; 15:e40717. [PMID: 37485095 PMCID: PMC10359831 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multisystem involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known since the beginning of the pandemic, and post-COVID-19 sequelae have often been reported. The term 'long Covid' encompasses these signs and symptoms. The aim of our study was to study different after-effects which patients endured within 12 months after recovery from acute COVID-19 and to study the various risk predictors. Methods This was a longitudinal observational study of a cohort of 146 patients who recovered from COVID-19 illness. Patients were enrolled during the first four weeks of the onset of their illness, and a monthly follow-up assessment was done for six months that included a detailed history of persistent or new symptoms, new illnesses diagnosed, and complete biochemical, pulmonary, cardiac, neurological and psychiatric evaluation, both objective and subjective. A final follow-up was also done at the end of one year of enrolment. Based on the patient's self-reported history and our multi-system assessment, recorded sequelae were classified according to the involved organ system. These were correlated with possible risk predictors and statistically significant associations were established. Results One hundred and twenty subjects out of 146 total subjects qualified for final analysis. Pulmonary sequelae (48/120; 40%) were the most followed by psychiatric (30/120; 25%), neurological (26/120; 21.7%), and opportunistic infections (7/120; 5.8%). A total of 39/120 (32.1%) cases complained of prolonged dyspnoea. Six out of 120 i.e. 5% of study participants had new-onset diabetes. Twenty-six out of 120 (21.7%) had radiological signs of pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with co-morbidities, older age, higher body mass index, and patients with severe disease were found to be at higher risk of developing these sequelae. Poor nutrition, female gender, and hospitalization were predictors of psychiatric sequelae. Diabetes and liberal steroid use during COVID-19 management were predictors of opportunistic fungal infections. Conclusion This study evaluated post-COVID-19 sequalae in-depth both objectively and subjectively. Some specific predictors for specific sequelae were confirmed on statistical correlation. Long-term follow-up of high-risk persons is therefore recommended after the cure of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshmeet Singh Gujral
- Respiratory Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - Tushar R Sahasrabudhe
- Respiratory Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | - M A Nirmala
- Respiratory Medicine, Aster Medcity, Bangalore, IND
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21
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Aguayo GA, Fischer A, Elbéji A, Linn N, Ollert M, Fagherazzi G. Association between use of psychotropic medications prior to SARS-COV-2 infection and trajectories of COVID-19 recovery: Findings from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1055440. [PMID: 37006590 PMCID: PMC10062525 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1055440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological disturbances are frequent following COVID-19. However, there is not much information about whether pre-existing psychological disorders are associated with the severity and evolution of COVID-19. We aimed to explore the associations between regular psychotropic medication use (PM) before infection as a proxy for mood or anxiety disorders with COVID-19 recovery trajectories. We used data from the Predi-COVID study. We followed adults, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and collected demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and daily symptoms 14 days after inclusion. We calculated a score based on 16 symptoms and modeled latent class trajectories. We performed polynomial logistic regression with PM as primary exposure and the different trajectories as outcome. We included 791 participants, 51% were men, and 5.3% reported regular PM before infection. We identified four trajectories characterizing recovery dynamics: "Almost asymptomatic," "Quick recovery," "Slow recovery," and "Persisting symptoms". With a fully adjusted model for age, sex, socioeconomic, lifestyle and comorbidity, we observed associations between PM with the risks of being in more severe trajectories than "Almost Asymptomatic": "Quick recovery" (relative risk (95% confidence intervals) 3.1 (2.7, 3.4), "Slow recovery" 5.2 (3.0, 9.2), and "Persisting symptoms"11.7 (6.9, 19.6) trajectories. We observed a gradient of risk between PM before the infection and the risk of slow or no recovery in the first 14 days. These results suggest that a pre-existing psychological condition increases the risk of a poorer evolution of COVID-19 and may increase the risk of Long COVID. Our findings can help to personalize the care of people with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A. Aguayo
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Fischer
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Abir Elbéji
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | | | - Markus Ollert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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22
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Chow CM, Schleyer W, DeLisi LE. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and their correlates as part of the long-COVID syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115166. [PMID: 36989909 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The Long COVID syndrome has now been documented clearly in the literature, but whether or not psychiatric symptoms are prominent is unclear. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients receiving medical care during the pandemic in an outpatient Long-COVID specialty clinic that serves a large racial and ethnic minority population. As many as 44% of patients had symptoms that necessitated referrals to psychiatrists, predominantly depression or anxiety. Spanish speaking patients had greater COVID severity (48%) than did predominantly English speakers (15%). We conclude that the long COVID syndrome is predominantly a cluster of physical symptoms that are sequelae of the viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton M Chow
- The Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance & Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Will Schleyer
- The Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance & Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- The Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance & Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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Engel FD, da Fonseca GGP, Cechinel-Peiter C, Backman C, da Costa DG, de Mello ALSF. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Experiences of Hospitalized Patients: A Scoping Review. J Patient Saf 2023; 19:e46-e52. [PMID: 36459699 PMCID: PMC9940789 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the factors that exerted an impact on the experiences of hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from the quality and safety perspectives. METHOD A scoping review that followed the 5 stages described by Arksey and O'Malley was used. A systematized search of original studies was conducted in 9 databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, BDENF, CINAHL, LILACS, SciELO, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The factors that exerted an impact on patients' experiences were summarized, considering the perspective of quality and patient safety in health institutions. The factors were categorized using the Content Analysis technique. RESULTS A total of 6950 studies were screened, and 32 met the eligibility criteria. The main factors that exerted an impact on the patients' experience were as follows: caregiver/family concern with the patients' well-being during hospitalization, search for alternative communication and interaction means between the patients and their family, and changes in health care organization. The restrictions inherent to the policy regarding visits and companions exerted a negative impact on the experiences, increasing the patients' feelings of loneliness and isolation. Negative impacts were also evidenced in the hospital admission and discharge process and in the limitation of treatment possibilities offered to the patients, because of contact restrictions. CONCLUSIONS The factors that exerted an impact on the patients' experiences permeate communication between professionals, patients, and family members, with implications for health care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciely Daiana Engel
- From the Graduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Cechinel-Peiter
- From the Graduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Chantal Backman
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
- Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diovane Ghignatti da Costa
- From the Graduate Program in Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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24
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The Potential of the Remote Monitoring Digital Solutions to Sustain the Mental and Emotional Health of the Elderly during and Post COVID-19 Crisis in Romania. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040608. [PMID: 36833143 PMCID: PMC9957364 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the elderly's aging-related dysfunctionalities and vulnerabilities. Research surveys, aimed at evaluating the socio-physical-emotional state of the elderly and obtaining data on their access to medical services and information media services during the pandemic, were carried out on Romanian respondents aged 65+. Identification and mitigation of the risk of emotional and mental long-term decline of the elderly after SARS-CoV-2 infection, based on the implementation of a specific procedure, can be performed through Remote Monitoring Digital Solutions (RMDSs). The aim of this paper is to propose a procedure for the identification and mitigation of the risk of emotional and mental long-term decline of the elderly after SARS-CoV-2 infection that comprises RMDS. The importance of using the knowledge obtained by COVID-19-related surveys corroborating the necessity of including personalized RMDS in the procedure is highlighted. The Non-invasive Monitoring System and Health Assessment of the Elderly in a Smart Environment (RO-SmartAgeing) is an RMDS designed to address the improved preventative and proactive support for diminishing this risk and to provide suitable assistance for the elderly through a safe and efficient smart environment. Its comprehensive functionalities targeted supporting primary healthcare assistance, specific medical conditions-as the mental and emotional disorders post-SARS-CoV-2 infection-and enlarged access to aging-related information, together with customizable features, illustrated the match with the requirements included in the proposed procedure.
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25
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Fancourt D, Steptoe A, Bu F. Psychological consequences of long COVID: comparing trajectories of depressive and anxiety symptoms before and after contracting SARS-CoV-2 between matched long- and short-COVID groups. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:74-81. [PMID: 36458509 PMCID: PMC7614126 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing global awareness of the psychological consequences of long COVID, supported by emerging empirical evidence. However, the emergence and long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms following the infection are still unclear. AIMS To examine when psychological symptoms first emerge following infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms comparing long- and short-COVID groups. METHOD We analysed longitudinal data from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study (March 2020 to November 2021). We included data from adults living in England who reported contracting SARS-CoV-2 by November 2021 (n = 3115). Of these, 15.9% reported having had long COVID (n = 495). They were matched to participants who had short COVID using propensity score matching on a variety of demographic, socioeconomic and health covariates (n = 962 individuals with 13 325 observations) and data were further analysed using growth curve modelling. RESULTS Depressive and anxiety symptoms increased immediately following the onset of infection in both long- and short-COVID groups. But the long-COVID group had substantially greater initial increases in depressive symptoms and heightened levels over 22 months follow-up. Initial increases in anxiety were not significantly different between groups, but only the short-COVID group experienced an improvement in anxiety over follow-up, leading to widening differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings support work on the psychobiological pathways involved in the development of psychological symptoms relating to long COVID. The results highlight the need for monitoring of mental health and provision of adequate support to be interwoven with diagnosis and treatment of the physical consequences of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, university College London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, university College London, UK
| | - Feifei Bu
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, university College London, UK
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26
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Saucier J, Jose C, Beroual Z, Al-Qadi M, Chartrand S, Libert E, Losier MC, Cooling K, Girouard G, Jbilou J, Chamard-Witkowski L. Cognitive inhibition deficit in long COVID-19: An exploratory study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1125574. [PMID: 37122293 PMCID: PMC10140516 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1125574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives An increasing number of research studies point toward the importance and prevalence of long-term neurocognitive symptoms following infection with COVID-19. Our objectives were to capture the prevalence of cognitive impairments from 1 to 16 months post-COVID-19 infection, assess the changes in neuropsychological functions over time, and identify factors that can predict long-term deficits in cognition. Methodology A cross-sectional research design was adopted to compare four sub-samples recruited over a 16-month timeframe (1-4, 5-8, 9-12, and 13-16 months). Phone interviews were conducted at least 6 weeks after being infected by COVID-19. Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires were administered followed by standardized neurocognitive and psychological tests and health questionnaires screening cognitive symptoms, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and autonomy. Results Regarding general health questionnaires, 55.2% of the 134 participants had symptoms of psychiatric illness, while 21.6% of patients had moderate-to-severe anxiety or depression. Cognitive efficiency was diminished in 19.4% of our population. Executive dysfunction was screened in 56% of patients, and an impairment of cognitive flexibility and inhibition was revealed in 38.8%. Depression, hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the duration of hospital or ICU stay were associated with an inhibition deficit. The duration elapsed from the initial infection, and the neurocognitive assessment was not associated with a decrease in inhibition deficit. The prevalence of cognitive impairments, other than inhibition deficit, tended to decrease during the study period. Discussion This study supports the extensive literature on the cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 and highlights long-lasting inhibition deficits, while other cognitive functions seemed to improve over time. The severity of infection could interact as a catalyst in the complex interplay between depression and executive functions. The absence of a relation between inhibition deficits and sociodemographic or medical factors reinforces the need for cognitive screening in all COVID-19 patients. Future research should focus on inhibition deficits longitudinally to assess the progression of this impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Saucier
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Caroline Jose
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Vitality Health Network, Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Zaynab Beroual
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Al-Qadi
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Simon Chartrand
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Eméraldine Libert
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Losier
- Vitality Health Network, Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Kendra Cooling
- Vitality Health Network, Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Gabriel Girouard
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Vitality Health Network, Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Jalila Jbilou
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
- School of Psychology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Ludivine Chamard-Witkowski
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Center de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, NB, Canada
- Vitality Health Network, Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre, Moncton, NB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ludivine Chamard-Witkowski,
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27
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Ausserhofer D, Mahlknecht A, Engl A, Piccoliori G, Pfitscher G, Silbernagl P, Giacomoni F, Pycha R, Lombardo S, Gärtner T, Mian M, Meier H, Wiedermann CJ, Keim R. Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a longitudinal study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1116566. [PMID: 37213392 PMCID: PMC10197902 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to (1) describe the course of the emotional burden (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in a general population sample during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and (2) explore the association between emotional burden and a serologically proven infection with SARS-CoV-2. Study design This longitudinal study involved a sample of community-dwelling persons aged ≥14 years from the general population of South Tyrol (Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Northern Italy). Data were collected at two stages over a 1-year period in 2020 and 2021. Methods Persons were invited to participate in a survey on socio-demographic, health-related and psychosocial variables (e.g., age, chronic diseases, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21), as well as in the serological testing for of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins. Results In 2020, 855 (23.8%) out of 3,600 persons participated; in 2021, 305 (35.7%) out of 855 were tested again. We observed a statistically significant decrease in mean DASS-21 scores for depression, stress, and total scores between 2020 and 2021, yet not for anxiety. Persons with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infection between the first and second data collection exhibited increased emotional burden compared to those without SARS-CoV-2-infection. The odds of participants with a self-reported diagnosis of mental disorder for future infection with SARS-CoV-2 was almost four times higher than that of participants without mental disorders (OR:3.75; 95%CI:1.79-7.83). Conclusion Our findings support to the hypothesis of a psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interplay in COVID-19. Further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying the interplay between mental health and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Ausserhofer
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
- Claudiana Research, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Angelika Mahlknecht
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Adolf Engl
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Gernot Pfitscher
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Philipp Silbernagl
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Francesca Giacomoni
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Roger Pycha
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Stefano Lombardo
- Statistical Institute of the Province of Bolzano (ASTAT), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Timon Gärtner
- Statistical Institute of the Province of Bolzano (ASTAT), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Michael Mian
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Horand Meier
- Clinical Governance Unit, Administration of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Christian J. Wiedermann
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, College of Health Care-Professions Claudiana, Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, University of Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Roland Keim
- Hospital of Bressanone-Brixen (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roland Keim,
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28
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Craparo G, La Rosa VL, Commodari E, Marino G, Vezzoli M, Faraci P, Vicario CM, Cinà GS, Colombi M, Arcoleo G, Severino M, Costanzo G, Gori A, Mangiapane E. What Is the Role of Psychological Factors in Long COVID Syndrome? Latent Class Analysis in a Sample of Patients Recovered from COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:ijerph20010494. [PMID: 36612816 PMCID: PMC9819212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to identify clusters of long COVID-19 symptoms using latent class analysis and investigate the psychological factors involved in the onset of this syndrome. Method: Five hundred and six subjects recovering from COVID-19 completed a series of standardized questionnaires to evaluate the personality traits, alexithymia, and post-traumatic stress. Results: Five classes were identified: Brain fog (31.82%), No symptoms (20.95%), Sensory disorders (18.77%), Breath impairment (17.59%), and Multiple disorders (10.87%). Women reported post-COVID-19 respiratory symptoms and multiple disorders to a greater extent than men. Hospitalized subjects were more likely to report persistent symptoms after COVID-19 than asymptomatic or home-treated subjects. Antagonism, hyperarousal, and difficulty identifying emotions significantly predicted post COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusions: These findings open new questions for research on long COVID-19 and how states of emotional dysregulation can alter the physiological processes of the body and contribute to the onset of organic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | | | - Elena Commodari
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Graziella Marino
- IRCCS—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Michela Vezzoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Palmira Faraci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Carmelo Mario Vicario
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Serena Cinà
- Department of Psychology, U.O.C., Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Trapani, 91100 Trapani, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Costanzo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Alessio Gori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
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29
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Ishii S, Sugiyama A, Ito N, Miwata K, Kitahara Y, Okimoto M, Kurisu A, Abe K, Imada H, Akita T, Kubo T, Nagasawa A, Nakanishi T, Takafuta T, Kuwabara M, Tanaka J. The role of discrimination in the relation between COVID-19 sequelae, psychological distress, and work impairment in COVID-19 survivors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22218. [PMID: 36564428 PMCID: PMC9782263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived discrimination and work impairment are commonly observed in COVID-19 survivors, but their relationship has not been well understood. We aimed to evaluate the role of discrimination in the development of psychological distress and work impairment in COVID-19 survivors. From April 2020 to November 2021, 309 patients were recruited at two designated COVID-19 hospitals in Japan. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire including COVID-19 sequelae, psychological distress, impairments in work performance and perceived discrimination. The majority of participants (62.5%) experienced one or more COVID-19 sequelae. Psychological distress was observed in 36.9% and work impairment in 37.9%. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, COVID-19 sequelae and discrimination were associated with both psychological distress and work impairment. Mediation analysis demonstrated that the direct effect of sequelae on work impairment was non-significant after accounting for psychological distress, suggesting that the effect of sequelae on work impairment was mainly mediated through psychological distress. These findings were replicated in a subgroup analysis limited to patients with mild COVID-19. We conclude that discrimination plays an important role in the development of psychological distress and work impairment, and that both discrimination and psychological distress should be targets of intervention in COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishii
- Department of Medicine for Integrated Approach to Social Inclusion, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Aya Sugiyama
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ito
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Miwata
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Mafumi Okimoto
- Hiroshima City Funairi Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akemi Kurisu
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kanon Abe
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hirohito Imada
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masao Kuwabara
- Hiroshima Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Perrin PB, Ramos-Usuga D, West SJ, Merced K, Klyce DW, Lequerica AH, Olabarrieta-Landa L, Alzueta E, Baker FC, Iacovides S, Cortes M, Arango-Lasprilla JC. Network Analysis of Neurobehavioral Symptom Patterns in an International Sample of Spanish-Speakers with a History of COVID-19 and Controls. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:183. [PMID: 36612505 PMCID: PMC9819652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Psychometric network analysis provides a novel statistical approach allowing researchers to model clusters of related symptoms as a dynamic system. This study applied network analysis to investigate the patterns of somatic, cognitive, and affective neurobehavioral symptoms in an international sample of Spanish-speaking individuals with a history of COVID-19 positivity and non-COVID controls; (2) methods: the sample (n = 1093) included 650 adults from 26 countries who reported having previously tested positive for COVID-19 (COVID+) through a viral and/or antigen test (average of 147 days since diagnosis). The control group (COVID-) was comprised of 443 adults from 20 countries who had completed the survey prior to the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) results: relative to the COVID- network, the COVID+ network was very well-connected, such that each neurobehavioral symptom was positively connected to the network. The organize-to-headache and dizzy-to-balance connections in the COVID+ network were stronger than in the COVID- network. The hearing, numbness, and tense symptoms were more central to the COVID+ network with the latter connected to the sleep, fatigue, and frustrated symptoms. The COVID- network was largely disjointed, with most of the somatosensory symptoms forming their own cluster with no connections to other symptom groups and fatigue not being connected to any other symptom. The cognitive and affective symptoms in the COVID- network were also largely connected to symptoms from within their own groups; (4) conclusions: These findings suggest that many of the long-term neurobehavioral symptoms of COVID-19 form a discernable network and that headaches, frustration, hearing problems, forgetfulness, and tension are the most central symptoms. Cognitive and behavioral rehabilitation strategies targeting these central symptom network features may hold promise to help fracture the lingering symptom network of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Perrin
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, 400 Brandon Ave., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Daniela Ramos-Usuga
- Biomedical Research Doctorate Program, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Samuel J. West
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, 1 Hayden St., Petersburg, VA 23803, USA
| | - Kritzia Merced
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Daniel W. Klyce
- Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Anthony H. Lequerica
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, East Hanover, NJ 07936, USA
| | - Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa
- Health Sciences Department, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Cataluña, s/n, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Alzueta
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Stella Iacovides
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Mar Cortes
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
- Departments of Psychology and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, 907 Floyd Ave., Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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31
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Statistical biases due to anonymization evaluated in an open clinical dataset from COVID-19 patients. Sci Data 2022; 9:776. [PMID: 36543828 PMCID: PMC9769467 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anonymization has the potential to foster the sharing of medical data. State-of-the-art methods use mathematical models to modify data to reduce privacy risks. However, the degree of protection must be balanced against the impact on statistical properties. We studied an extreme case of this trade-off: the statistical validity of an open medical dataset based on the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON), which was prepared for publication using a strong anonymization procedure. Descriptive statistics and results of regression analyses were compared before and after anonymization of multiple variants of the original dataset. Despite significant differences in value distributions, the statistical bias was found to be small in all cases. In the regression analyses, the median absolute deviations of the estimated adjusted odds ratios for different sample sizes ranged from 0.01 [minimum = 0, maximum = 0.58] to 0.52 [minimum = 0.25, maximum = 0.91]. Disproportionate impact on the statistical properties of data is a common argument against the use of anonymization. Our analysis demonstrates that anonymization can actually preserve validity of statistical results in relatively low-dimensional data.
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Hazumi M, Okazaki E, Usuda K, Kataoka M, Nishi D. Relationship between attitudes toward COVID-19 infection, depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional survey in Japan. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:798. [PMID: 36536342 PMCID: PMC9761043 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although negative attitudes are known to develop with experiences of COVID-19 infection, it remains unclear whether such attitudes contribute to depression and anxiety as sequelae of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationships between attitude towards COVID-19 infection and post-COVID-19 depression and anxiety. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 recovered patients was conducted from July to September 2021 in Japan. Outcome variables, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7); scores of 10 and above were identified as having symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Exposure variables were whether participants were experiencing the following attitude strongly: threat to life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming a third party who did not restrain from going outside, blaming themselves for their COVID-19 infection, worry about spreading the infection to others, and self-stigma (Self-Stigma Scale-Short). Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to analyze the findings. RESULTS A total of 6016 responses were included in the analyses. The proportion of depression was 19.88%, and anxiety was 11.47%. The threat of life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming oneself for their COVID-19 infection, and self-stigma were significantly associated with depression and anxiety after adjusting covariates. Blaming the third party who did not restrain from going outside was associated with anxiety. There was no association between the worry about spreading infection to others and depression or anxiety. CONCLUSION Negative attitudes, including self-stigma with the experience of COVID-19 infection, were related to depression and anxiety. Further studies confirming whether countermeasures for preventing or decreasing the negative attitude towards COVID-19 infection mitigate these symptoms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hazumi
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Sleep-Wake Disorder, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Emi Okazaki
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kentaro Usuda
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mayumi Kataoka
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Public Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Goldhaber NH, Kohn JN, Ogan WS, Sitapati A, Longhurst CA, Wang A, Lee S, Hong S, Horton LE. Deep Dive into the Long Haul: Analysis of Symptom Clusters and Risk Factors for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 to Inform Clinical Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416841. [PMID: 36554723 PMCID: PMC9778884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Long COVID is a chronic condition characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairment that persist or relapse months after an acute infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Many distinct symptoms have been attributed to Long COVID; however, little is known about the potential clustering of these symptoms and risk factors that may predispose patients to certain clusters. In this study, an electronic survey was sent to patients in the UC San Diego Health (UCSDH) system who tested positive for COVID-19, querying if patients were experiencing symptoms consistent with Long COVID. Based on survey results, along with patient demographics reported in the electronic health record (EHR), linear and logistic regression models were used to examine putative risk factors, and exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine symptom clusters. Among 999 survey respondents, increased odds of Long COVID (n = 421; 42%) and greater Long COVID symptom burden were associated with female sex (OR = 1.73, 99% CI: 1.16-2.58; β = 0.48, 0.22-0.75), COVID-19 hospitalization (OR = 4.51, 2.50-8.43; β = 0.48, 0.17-0.78), and poorer pre-COVID self-rated health (OR = 0.75, 0.57-0.97; β = -0.19, -0.32--0.07). Over one-fifth of Long COVID patients screened positive for depression and/or anxiety, the latter of which was associated with younger age (OR = 0.96, 0.94-0.99). Factor analysis of 16 self-reported symptoms suggested five symptom clusters-gastrointestinal (GI), musculoskeletal (MSK), neurocognitive (NC), airway (AW), and cardiopulmonary (CP), with older age (β = 0.21, 0.11-0.30) and mixed race (β = 0.27, 0.04-0.51) being associated with greater MSK symptom burden. Greater NC symptom burden was associated with increased odds of depression (OR = 5.86, 2.71-13.8) and anxiety (OR = 2.83, 1.36-6.14). These results can inform clinicians in identifying patients at increased risk for Long COVID-related medical issues, particularly neurocognitive symptoms and symptom clusters, as well as informing health systems to manage operational expectations on a population-health level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole H. Goldhaber
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jordan N. Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William Scott Ogan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amy Sitapati
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher A. Longhurst
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angela Wang
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lucy E. Horton
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Fleischer M, Szepanowski F, Tovar M, Herchert K, Dinse H, Schweda A, Mausberg AK, Holle-Lee D, Köhrmann M, Stögbauer J, Jokisch D, Jokisch M, Deuschl C, Skoda EM, Teufel M, Stettner M, Kleinschnitz C. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome is Rarely Associated with Damage of the Nervous System: Findings from a Prospective Observational Cohort Study in 171 Patients. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:1637-1657. [PMID: 36028604 PMCID: PMC9417089 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect multiple organs. Reports of persistent or newly emergent symptoms, including those related to the nervous system, have increased over the course of the pandemic, leading to the introduction of post-COVID-19 syndrome. However, this novel syndrome is still ill-defined and structured objectification of complaints is scarce. Therefore, we performed a prospective observational cohort study to better define and validate subjective neurological disturbances in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS A total of 171 patients fulfilling the post-COVID-19 WHO Delphi consensus criteria underwent a comprehensive neurological diagnostic work-up including neurovascular, electrophysiological, and blood analysis. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lumbar puncture were conducted in subgroups of patients. Furthermore, patients underwent neuropsychological, psychosomatic, and fatigue assessment. RESULTS Patients were predominantly female, middle-aged, and had incurred mostly mild-to-moderate acute COVID-19. The most frequent post-COVID-19 complaints included fatigue, difficulties in concentration, and memory deficits. In most patients (85.8%), in-depth neurological assessment yielded no pathological findings. In 97.7% of the cases, either no diagnosis other than post COVID-19 syndrome, or no diagnosis likely related to preceding acute COVID-19 could be established. Sensory or motor complaints were more often associated with a neurological diagnosis other than post-COVID-19 syndrome. Previous psychiatric conditions were identified as a risk factor for developing post-COVID-19 syndrome. We found high somatization scores in our patient group that correlated with cognitive deficits and the extent of fatigue. CONCLUSIONS Albeit frequently reported by patients, objectifiable affection of the nervous system is rare in post-COVID-19 syndrome. Instead, elevated levels of somatization point towards a pathogenesis potentially involving psychosomatic factors. However, thorough neurological assessment is important in this patient group in order to not miss neurological diseases other than post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fleischer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabian Szepanowski
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Muriel Tovar
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaas Herchert
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Dinse
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adam Schweda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne K Mausberg
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagny Holle-Lee
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Köhrmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Stögbauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Jokisch
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, LVR University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Stettner
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Psychiatric and neurological complications of long COVID. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:349-360. [PMID: 36326545 PMCID: PMC9582925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 was primarily considered a pulmonary disease with extrapulmonary manifestations. As the pandemic spread, there has been growing evidence that the disease affects various organs/systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Accumulation of clinical data demonstrates that in a large population of survivors impairments in the function of one or more organs may persist for a long time, a phenomenon commonly known as post COVID or long COVID. Fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, such as concentration problems, short-term memory deficits, general memory loss, a specific decline in attention, language and praxis abilities, encoding and verbal fluency, impairment of executive functions, and psychomotor coordination, are amongst the most common and debilitating features of neuropsychatric symptoms of post COVID syndrome. Several patients also suffer from compromised sleep, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Patients with long COVID may demonstrate brain hypometabolism, hypoperfusion of the cerebral cortex and changes in the brain structure and functional connectivity. Children and adolescents represent a minority of COVID-19 cases, so not surprisingly data on the long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infections in these age groups are scarce. Although the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, epidemiology, and risk factors of the acute phase of COVID-19 have been largely explained, these areas are yet to be explored in long COVID. This review aims to provide an update on what is currently known about long COVID effects on mental health.
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36
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Abstract
The German Society of Pneumology initiated 2021 the AWMF S1 guideline Long COVID/Post-COVID. In a broad interdisciplinary approach, this S1 guideline was designed based on the current state of knowledge.The clinical recommendations describe current Long COVID/Post-COVID symptoms, diagnostic approaches, and therapies.In addition to the general and consensus introduction, a subject-specific approach was taken to summarize the current state of knowledge.The guideline has an explicit practical claim and will be developed and adapted by the author team based on the current increase in knowledge.
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Duradoni M, Gursesli MC, Materassi L, Serritella E, Guazzini A. The Long-COVID Experience Changed People's Vaccine Hesitancy but Not Their Vaccination Fear. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14550. [PMID: 36361430 PMCID: PMC9654193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Starting in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible, worldwide, for millions of deaths and patients with long-COVID syndrome. In an attempt to stop the spread of the virus, the blanket administration of COVID-19 vaccines proved to be the most effective measure, yet the existence and availability of functional vaccines did not and, still, do not ensure the willingness and intent of people to be vaccinated. This study assessed the similarities and differences in vaccine fears and vaccine hesitancy through between clusters of subjects: people that were not infected with COVID-19, people that had COVID but did not develop long-lasting symptoms, and people that were infected with COVID and developed long-COVID syndrome. From the sample of 1111 Italian people, it was found that individuals who experienced mild symptoms showed higher vaccine hesitancy (confidence, complacency, and collective responsibility) than those who did not contract COVID-19. People affected by long-COVID showed a lower overall hesitancy than individuals who had COVID-19 without incurring long-lasting symptoms and, thus, essentially resembled people who had no experience of COVID-19 infection in terms of the vaccine hesitancy scores. Vaccine fear remained unchanged across all three of the examined clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Mustafa Can Gursesli
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Letizia Materassi
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, University of Florence, 50127 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Serritella
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Guazzini
- Department of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, 50135 Florence, Italy
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Hogberg HT, Lam A, Ohayon E, Shahbaz MA, Clerbaux LA, Bal-Price A, Coecke S, Concha R, De Bernardi F, Edrosa E, Hargreaves AJ, Kanninen KM, Munoz A, Pistollato F, Saravanan S, Garcia-Reyero N, Wittwehr C, Sachana M. The Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework Applied to Neurological Symptoms of COVID-19. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213411. [PMID: 36359807 PMCID: PMC9658029 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to also be neurotropic. However, the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 induces neurologic injury, including neurological and/or psychological symptoms, remain unclear. In this review, the available knowledge on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying COVID-19 was organized using the AOP framework. Four AOPs leading to neurological adverse outcomes (AO), anosmia, encephalitis, stroke, and seizure, were developed. Biological key events (KEs) identified to induce these AOs included binding to ACE2, blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, hypoxia, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The modularity of AOPs allows the construction of AOP networks to visualize core pathways and recognize neuroinflammation and BBB disruption as shared mechanisms. Furthermore, the impact on the neurological AOPs of COVID-19 by modulating and multiscale factors such as age, psychological stress, nutrition, poverty, and food insecurity was discussed. Organizing the existing knowledge along an AOP framework can represent a valuable tool to understand disease mechanisms and identify data gaps and potentially contribute to treatment, and prevention. This AOP-aligned approach also facilitates synergy between experts from different backgrounds, while the fast-evolving and disruptive nature of COVID-19 emphasizes the need for interdisciplinarity and cross-community research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena T. Hogberg
- National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27518, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence: (H.T.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Ann Lam
- Green Neuroscience Laboratory, Neurolinx Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Elan Ohayon
- Green Neuroscience Laboratory, Neurolinx Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
- Institute for Green & Open Sciences, Toronto, ON M6J 2J4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Anna Bal-Price
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Rachel Concha
- Green Neuroscience Laboratory, Neurolinx Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Francesca De Bernardi
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eizleayne Edrosa
- Green Neuroscience Laboratory, Neurolinx Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Alan J. Hargreaves
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Katja M. Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amalia Munoz
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 2440 Geel, Belgium
| | | | - Surat Saravanan
- Centre for Predictive Human Model Systems Atal Incubation Centre-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research & Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA
| | - Clemens Wittwehr
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
| | - Magdalini Sachana
- Environment Health and Safety Division, Environment Directorate, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 75016 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (H.T.H.); (M.S.)
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Zarowsky Z, Rashid T. Resilience and Wellbeing Strategies for Pandemic Fatigue in Times of Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 8:1-36. [PMID: 36196257 PMCID: PMC9523176 DOI: 10.1007/s41042-022-00078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is truly one of the greatest collective health crises in history which have altered our life and living. For years, people have felt fatigued from following public health directives such as social distancing, wearing masks, washing hands frequently, and working or studying remotely without in-person interactions. In this paper, we explore strategies for resilience and wellbeing which can mitigate pandemic-caused stress and behavioural fatigue. We start with individual level strategies including reworking stress appraisals, the importance of psychological flexibility, reducing loneliness through adaptive online platform use, optimizing familial relationships when living in close quarters for a prolonged period, reducing symptoms of burnout and using adaptive distractions, using specific evidence-based resilience strategies. We discuss specific considerations which tap on our shared identities and shared responsibilities which can enhance a sense of community, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds and how suicide risks can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Zarowsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Tayyab Rashid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trial, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
- Centre for Wellbeing Science, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, Melbourne, Australia
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Paul E, Fancourt D. Health behaviours the month prior to COVID-19 infection and the development of self-reported long COVID and specific long COVID symptoms: a longitudinal analysis of 1581 UK adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1716. [PMID: 36085055 PMCID: PMC9462889 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Demographic and infection-related characteristics have been identified as risk factors for long COVID, but research on the influence of health behaviours (e.g., exercise, smoking) immediately preceding the index infection is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine whether specific health behaviours in the month preceding infection with COVID-19 act as upstream risk factors for long COVID as well as well as three specific long COVID symptoms.
Methods
One thousand five hundred eighty-one UK adults from the UCL COVID-19 Social Study and who had previously been infected with COVID-19 were analysed. Health behaviours in the month before infection were weekly exercise frequency, days of fresh air per week, sleep quality, smoking, consuming more than the number of recommended alcoholic drinks per week (> 14), and the number of mental health care behaviours (e.g., online mental health programme). Logistic regressions controlling for covariates (e.g., COVID-19 infection severity, socio-demographics, and pre-existing health conditions) examined the impact of health behaviours on long COVID and three long COVID symptoms (difficulty with mobility, cognition, and self-care).
Results
In the month before infection with COVID-19, poor quality sleep increased the odds of long COVID (odds ratio [OR]: 3.53; (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01 to 6.21), as did average quality sleep (OR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.44 to 4.12). Having smoked (OR: 8.39; 95% CI: 1.86 to 37.91) increased and meeting recommended weekly physical activity guidelines (3h hours) (OR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.39) reduced the likelihood of difficulty with self-care (e.g., washing all over or dressing) amongst those with long COVID.
Conclusions
Results point to the importance of sleep quality for long COVID, potentially helping to explain previously demonstrated links between stress and long COVID. Results also suggest that exercise and smoking may be modifiable risk factors for preventing the development of difficulty with self-care.
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Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Górska A, Markiewicz R, Chilimoniuk Z, Czeczelewski M, Baj J, Maciejewski R, Masiak J. The Relationship between Mental Disorders and the COVID-19 Pandemic—Course, Risk Factors, and Potential Consequences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159573. [PMID: 35954930 PMCID: PMC9368061 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this review the authors discuss that COVID-19 has already had a direct impact on the physical health of many people and that it appears to have put at risk the mental health of large populations. In this review, we also discuss the relationship between mental disorders and the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We convey the disorders’ risk factors and the more serious mental disorder consequences of COVID-19. People with mental health disorders could be more susceptible to the emotional responses brought on by the COVID-19 epidemic. The COVID-19 pandemic may adversely influence the mental health of patients with already diagnosed mental disorders. For the aim of dealing better with the psychological problems of people afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic, new psychological procedures are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Górska
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Markiewicz
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 18 Szkolna St., 20-124 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Chilimoniuk
- Student Scientific Group, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 6a (SPSK1) Langiewicza St., 20-032 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Czeczelewski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 8b Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 4 Jaczewskiego St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Masiak
- II Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Głuska (SPSK Nr 1) St., 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Sârbu F, Oprea VD, Tatu AL, Drima EP, Ștefănescu C, Nechita A, Onose G, Romila A. COVID-19-related psychiatric manifestations requiring hospitalization: Analysis in older vs. younger patients. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:497. [PMID: 35837071 PMCID: PMC9257830 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex manifestations of COVID-19 include psychiatric symptoms, having multifaceted profiles with varying severity during the acute phase and further during the recovery period. Limited data exist which have analyzed whether there are any age-related differences. A study lot of 89 COVID-19 patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection requiring hospitalization for mental issues provided comparative data from two age groups below and above 60 years. The majority of patients had new onset of a mental issue during COVID-19, 24.7% of the total lot being diagnosed with depressive disorder. The senior patient set had a significantly higher prevalence of sleep disorder vs. the younger study group (53.3 vs. 28.8%), depression (33.3 vs. 10.2%) and cognitive impairment (26.7 vs. 8.5%), while patients <60 years of age had a higher prevalence of hallucinations, delirium and bizarre behavior. Psychiatric manifestations are an important part of the symptomatology of COVID-19, sometimes requiring hospitalization. Age-related neuropsychiatric substrate could explain some of these differences between the two study subgroups. Further data are needed to complete the acute and long-term distinctive profiles of COVID-19-related mental illness in older and younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Sârbu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, ‘Elisabeta Doamna’ Psychiatric Hospital of Galati, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Violeta Diana Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
- Geriatric and Gerontology Department, ‘St. Apostle Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Dermatology, ReForm UDJ, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunărea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
- Dermatology Department, ‘Saint Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Eduard Polea Drima
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
- Clinical Psychiatry Department, ‘Elisabeta Doamna’ Psychiatric Hospital of Galati, 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Cristina Ștefănescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
| | - Aurel Nechita
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
- ‘St. Ioan’ Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Gelu Onose
- Department 9-Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- P(neural-muscular)RM Discipline/Clinic Division, The National Reference Centre for NeuroRehabilitation, ‘Bagdasar Arseni’ Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurelia Romila
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, ‘Dunarea de Jos’ University of Galati, 800216 Galati, Romania
- Geriatric and Gerontology Department, ‘St. Apostle Andrei’ Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galati, Romania
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Miyata S, Ishino Y, Shimizu S, Tohyama M. Involvement of inflammatory responses in the brain to the onset of major depressive disorder due to stress exposure. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934346. [PMID: 35936767 PMCID: PMC9354609 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a multifactorial disease affected by several environmental factors. Although several potential onset hypotheses have been identified, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disorder remain unclear. Several recent studies have suggested that among many environmental factors, inflammation and immune abnormalities in the brain or the peripheral tissues are associated with the onset of MDDs. Furthermore, several stress-related hypotheses have been proposed to explain the onset of MDDs. Thus, inflammation or immune abnormalities can be considered stress responses that occur within the brain or other tissues and are regarded as one of the mechanisms underlying the stress hypothesis of MDDs. Therefore, we introduce several current advances in inflammation studies in the brain that might be related to the pathophysiology of MDD due to stress exposure in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miyata
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Miyata
| | - Yugo Ishino
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaya Tohyama
- Division of Molecular Brain Science, Research Institute of Traditional Asian Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
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Kucukkarapinar M, Yay-Pence A, Yildiz Y, Buyukkoruk M, Yaz-Aydin G, Deveci-Bulut TS, Gulbahar O, Senol E, Candansayar S. Psychological outcomes of COVID-19 survivors at sixth months after diagnose: the role of kynurenine pathway metabolites in depression, anxiety, and stress. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1077-1089. [PMID: 35796878 PMCID: PMC9261222 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in long-term psychiatric symptoms because of the immunologic response to the virus itself as well as fundamental life changes related to the pandemic. This immune response leads to altered tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) pathway (TKP) metabolism, which plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of mental illnesses. We aimed to define TKP changes as a potential underlying mechanism of psychiatric disorders in post-COVID-19 patients. We measured plasma levels of several TKP markers, including KYN, TRP, kynurenic acid (KYNA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), and quinolinic acid (QUIN), as well as the TRP/KYN, KYNA/3-HK, and KYNA/QUIN ratios, in 90 post-COVID-19 patients (on the first day of hospitalization) and 59 healthy controls (on the first admission to the Check-Up Center). An online questionnaire that included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used 6 months after the initial assessment in both groups. A total of 32.2% of participants with COVID-19 showed depressive symptoms, 21.1% exhibited anxiety, and 33.3% had signs of stress at follow-up, while 6.6% of healthy controls exhibited depressive and anxiety symptoms and 18.6% had signs of stress. TRP and 3-HK were negative predictors of anxiety and stress, but KYN positively predicted anxiety and stress. Moreover, TRP negatively predicted depression, while KYNA/3-HK was a negative predictor of anxiety. The correlation between depression, anxiety, and stress and TKP activation in COVID-19 could provide prospective biomarkers, especially the reduction in TRP and 3HK levels and the increase in KYN. Our results suggest that the alteration of TKP is not only a potential biomarker of viral infection-related long-term psychiatric disorders but also that the therapy targets future viral infections related to depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Kucukkarapinar
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aysegul Yay-Pence
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Yildiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Buyukkoruk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yaz-Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba S Deveci-Bulut
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gulbahar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esin Senol
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Candansayar
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Emniyet Mah., Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
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Rotondo JC, Martini F, Maritati M, Caselli E, Gallenga CE, Guarino M, De Giorgio R, Mazziotta C, Tramarin ML, Badiale G, Tognon M, Contini C. Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1193. [PMID: 35744711 PMCID: PMC9231257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in late 2019 in China and quickly spread across the globe, causing over 521 million cases of infection and 6.26 million deaths to date. After 2 years, numerous advances have been made. First of all, the preventive vaccine, which has been implemented in record time, is effective in more than 95% of cases. Additionally, in the diagnostic field, there are numerous molecular and antigenic diagnostic kits that are equipped with high sensitivity and specificity. Real Time-PCR-based assays for the detection of viral RNA are currently considered the gold-standard method for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and can be used efficiently on pooled nasopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal samples for widespread screening. Moreover, additional, and more advanced molecular methods such as droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS), are currently under development to detect the SARS-CoV-2 RNA. However, as the number of subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 continuously increases globally, health care systems are being placed under increased stress. Thus, the clinical laboratory plays an important role, helping to select especially asymptomatic individuals who are actively carrying the live replicating virus, with fast and non-invasive molecular technologies. Recent diagnostic strategies, other than molecular methods, have been adopted to either detect viral antigens, i.e., antigen-based immunoassays, or human anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, i.e., antibody-based immunoassays, in nasal or oropharyngeal swabs, as well as in blood or saliva samples. However, the role of mucosal sIgAs, which are essential in the control of viruses entering the body through mucosal surfaces, remains to be elucidated, and in particular the role of the immune response in counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection, primarily at the site(s) of virus entry that appears to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Maritati
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Orthopaedic Ward, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena, 45030 Occhiobello, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology, CIAS Research Center and LTTA, Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Carla Enrica Gallenga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Matteo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Translational Medicine, St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (M.G.); (R.D.G.)
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Tramarin
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Giada Badiale
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Contini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.M.); (C.E.G.); (C.M.); (M.L.T.); (G.B.); (M.T.)
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Liu Y, Li L, Timani KA, He JJ. A Unique Robust Dual-Promoter-Driven and Dual-Reporter-Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Replicon: Construction and Characterization. Viruses 2022; 14:974. [PMID: 35632716 PMCID: PMC9143625 DOI: 10.3390/v14050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, SARS2) remains a great global health threat and demands identification of more effective and SARS2-targeted antiviral drugs, even with successful development of anti-SARS2 vaccines. Viral replicons have proven to be a rapid, safe, and readily scalable platform for high-throughput screening, identification, and evaluation of antiviral drugs against positive-stranded RNA viruses. In the study, we report a unique robust HIV long terminal repeat (LTR)/T7 dual-promoter-driven and dual-reporter firefly luciferase (fLuc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing SARS2 replicon. The genomic organization of the replicon was designed with quite a few features that were to ensure the replication fidelity of the replicon, to maximize the expression of the full-length replicon, and to offer the monitoring flexibility of the replicon replication. We showed the success of the construction of the replicon and expression of reporter genes fLuc and GFP and SARS structural N from the replicon DNA or the RNA that was in vitro transcribed from the replicon DNA. We also showed detection of the negative-stranded genomic RNA (gRNA) and subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) intermediates, a hallmark of replication of positive-stranded RNA viruses from the replicon. Lastly, we showed that expression of the reporter genes, N gene, gRNA, and sgRNA from the replicon was sensitive to inhibition by Remdesivir. Taken together, our results support use of the replicon for identification of anti-SARS2 drugs and development of new anti-SARS strategies targeted at the step of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (K.A.T.)
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (K.A.T.)
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Khalid A. Timani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (K.A.T.)
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Johnny J. He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (Y.L.); (L.L.); (K.A.T.)
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Rhoades R, Solomon S, Johnson C, Teng S. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Host Factors Involved in Mental Disorders. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845559. [PMID: 35444632 PMCID: PMC9014212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a systemic illness due to its multiorgan effects in patients. The disease has a detrimental impact on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. One early symptom of infection is anosmia or lack of smell; this implicates the involvement of the olfactory bulb in COVID-19 disease and provides a route into the central nervous system. However, little is known about how SARS-CoV-2 affects neurological or psychological symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 exploits host receptors that converge on pathways that impact psychological symptoms. This systemic review discusses the ways involved by coronavirus infection and their impact on mental health disorders. We begin by briefly introducing the history of coronaviruses, followed by an overview of the essential proteins to viral entry. Then, we discuss the downstream effects of viral entry on host proteins. Finally, we review the literature on host factors that are known to play critical roles in neuropsychiatric symptoms and mental diseases and discuss how COVID-19 could impact mental health globally. Our review details the host factors and pathways involved in the cellular mechanisms, such as systemic inflammation, that play a significant role in the development of neuropsychological symptoms stemming from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina Rhoades
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sarah Solomon
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Christina Johnson
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
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Orendáčová M, Kvašňák E. Possible Mechanisms Underlying Neurological Post-COVID Symptoms and Neurofeedback as a Potential Therapy. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:837972. [PMID: 35431842 PMCID: PMC9010738 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.837972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical considerations related to neurological post-COVID complications have become a serious issue in the COVID pandemic. We propose 3 theoretical hypotheses related to neurological post-COVID complications. First, pathophysiological processes responsible for long-term neurological complications caused by COVID-19 might have 2 phases: (1) Phase of acute Sars-CoV-2 infection linked with the pathogenesis responsible for the onset of COVID-19-related neurological complications and (2) the phase of post-acute Sars-CoV-2 infection linked with the pathogenesis responsible for long-lasting persistence of post-COVID neurological problems and/or exacerbation of another neurological pathologies. Second, post-COVID symptoms can be described and investigated from the perspective of dynamical system theory exploiting its fundamental concepts such as system parameters, attractors and criticality. Thirdly, neurofeedback may represent a promising therapy for neurological post-COVID complications. Based on the current knowledge related to neurofeedback and what is already known about neurological complications linked to acute COVID-19 and post-acute COVID-19 conditions, we propose that neurofeedback modalities, such as functional magnetic resonance-based neurofeedback, quantitative EEG-based neurofeedback, Othmer's method of rewarding individual optimal EEG frequency and heart rate variability-based biofeedback, represent a potential therapy for improvement of post-COVID symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Orendáčová
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eugen Kvašňák
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Medical Informatics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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