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Shawky LM, Morsi AA, El Bana E, Hanafy SM. Correction: Shawky et al. The Biological Impacts of Sitagliptin on the Pancreas of a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Drug Interactions with Metformin. Biology 2020, 9, 6. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:527. [PMID: 39056745 PMCID: PMC11274316 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Shawky
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Morsi
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63511, Egypt
| | - Eman El Bana
- Department of Anatomy, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt;
| | - Safaa Masoud Hanafy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
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Mashaal A, El-Yamany HY, Mansour HAEH. Systemic/Immune-Modulation of Olea europaea Leaf Extract in Fetuses of Alloxan-Induced T1 Diabetic Rats. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38979597 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alya Mashaal
- Immunology Zoology and Entomology Department , Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Y El-Yamany
- Histology and Cell Biology, Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Abd El-Halim Mansour
- Embryology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hou Y, Huang Y, Shang Z, Ma S, Cui T, Chen A, Cui Y, Chen S. Investigating the mechanism of cornel iridoid glycosides on type 2 diabetes mellitus using serum and urine metabolites in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118065. [PMID: 38508432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornel iridoid glycosides (CIG) are extracted from Corni fructus, a herbal medicine used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes. However, the antidiabetic effects of CIG and the underlying metabolic mechanisms require further exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic effects and metabolic mechanism of CIG by performing metabolomic analyses of serum and urine samples of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by administering a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding a high-fat diet. The model was evaluated based on several parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG), urine volume, liver index, body weight, histopathological sections, and serum biochemical parameters. Subsequently, serum and urine metabolomics were analyzed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Data were analyzed using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Differential metabolites were examined by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS After 4 weeks of treatment with different doses of CIG, varying degrees of antidiabetic effects were observed, along with reduced liver and pancreatic injury, and improved oxidative stress levels. Compared with the T2DM group, 19 and 23 differential metabolites were detected in the serum and urine of the CIG treatment group, respectively. The key metabolites involved in pathway regulation include taurine, chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and L-tyrosine in the serum and glycine, hippuric acid, phenylacetylglycine, citric acid, and D-glucuronic acid in the urine, which are related to lipid, amino acid, energy, and carbohydrate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the antidiabetic effects of CIG and revealed that CIG effectively controlled metabolic disorders in T2DM rats. This seems to be meaningful for the clinical application of CIG, and can benefit further studies on CIG mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yanmei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Zihui Shang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Shichao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Tianyi Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ali Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yongxia Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Suiqing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province 450046, China.
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Lotfy M, Khattab A, Shata M, Alhasbani A, Khalaf A, Alsaeedi S, Thaker M, Said H, Tumi H, Alzahmi H, Alblooshi O, Hamdan M, Hussein A, Kundu B, Adeghate EA. Melatonin increases AKT and SOD gene and protein expressions in diabetic rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28639. [PMID: 38586324 PMCID: PMC10998142 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease marked by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance leading to many chronic complications. It is thus important to manage diabetes effectively in order to prevent and or delay these complications. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland and regulates the wake-sleep circadian rhythm. Existing evidence suggests that melatonin may be effective in the management of DM. However, the evidence on the mechanism of the beneficial effect melatonin as a treatment for DM is limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin treatment on blood glucose, insulin (INS), AKT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene levels in diabetic rats. Non-diabetic and diabetic rats were treated orally for 4 weeks with either 25 mg or 50 mg/kg body weight of melatonin. At the end of the study, pancreatic and liver tissues morphology, glucose homeostasis, serum insulin and SOD levels, hepatic gene and protein expression of SOD as protecting antioxidant enzyme and AKT as central element involved in PI3K/AKT insulin signaling pathway were estimated. Melatonin treated diabetic rats showed reduced hyperglycemia, and increased serum insulin and SOD levels. In addition, melatonin induced an increased gene and protein expression of SOD and AKT. In conclusion, melatonin may play a role in treating diabetic rats via stimulation of insulin secretion, insulin signaling and reduction in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lotfy
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aalaa Khattab
- Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shata
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad Alhasbani
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdallah Khalaf
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Alsaeedi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahdi Thaker
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hazza Said
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harun Tumi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan Alzahmi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omar Alblooshi
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Hamdan
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad Hussein
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Biduth Kundu
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ernest A. Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Guerra-Ávila PL, Guzmán TJ, Vargas-Guerrero B, Domínguez-Rosales JA, Cervantes-Garduño AB, Salazar-Montes AM, Sánchez-Orozco LV, Gurrola-Díaz CM. Comparative Screening of the Liver Gene Expression Profiles from Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Rat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4151. [PMID: 38673735 PMCID: PMC11050131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental animal models of diabetes can be useful for identifying novel targets related to disease, for understanding its physiopathology, and for evaluating emerging antidiabetic treatments. This study aimed to characterize two rat diabetes models: HFD + STZ, a high-fat diet (60% fat) combined with streptozotocin administration (STZ, 35 mg/kg BW), and a model with a single STZ dose (65 mg/kg BW) in comparison with healthy rats. HFD + STZ- induced animals demonstrated a stable hyperglycemia range (350-450 mg/dL), whereas in the STZ-induced rats, we found glucose concentration values with a greater dispersion, ranging from 270 to 510 mg/dL. Moreover, in the HFD + STZ group, the AUC value of the insulin tolerance test (ITT) was found to be remarkably augmented by 6.2-fold higher than in healthy animals (33,687.0 ± 1705.7 mg/dL/min vs. 5469.0 ± 267.6, respectively), indicating insulin resistance (IR). In contrast, a more moderate AUC value was observed in the STZ group (19,059.0 ± 3037.4 mg/dL/min) resulting in a value 2.5-fold higher than the average exhibited by the control group. After microarray experiments on liver tissue from all animals, we analyzed genes exhibiting a fold change value in gene expression <-2 or >2 (p-value <0.05). We found 27,686 differentially expressed genes (DEG), identified the top 10 DEGs and detected 849 coding genes that exhibited opposite expression patterns between both diabetes models (491 upregulated genes in the STZ model and 358 upregulated genes in HFD + STZ animals). Finally, we performed an enrichment analysis of the 849 selected genes. Whereas in the STZ model we found cellular pathways related to lipid biosynthesis and metabolism, in the HFD + STZ model we identified pathways related to immunometabolism. Some phenotypic differences observed in the models could be explained by transcriptomic results; however, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings. Our data confirm that the STZ and the HFD + STZ models are reliable experimental models for human T1D and T2D, respectively. These results also provide insight into alterations in the expression of specific liver genes and could be utilized in future studies focusing on diabetes complications associated with impaired liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Lucía Guerra-Ávila
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Tereso J. Guzmán
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Belinda Vargas-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Beatriz Cervantes-Garduño
- Laboratorio de Genómica Clínica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico;
| | - Adriana María Salazar-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Laura Verónica Sánchez-Orozco
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
| | - Carmen Magdalena Gurrola-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (C.U.C.S.), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Puerta peatonal 7, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara C.P. 44350, Mexico; (P.L.G.-Á.); (T.J.G.); (B.V.-G.); (J.A.D.-R.); (A.M.S.-M.); (L.V.S.-O.)
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Alsharif KF, Hamad AA, Alblihd MA, Ali FAZ, Mohammed SA, Theyab A, Al-Amer OM, Almuqati MS, Almalki AA, Albarakati AJA, Alzahrani KJ, Albrakati A, Albarakati MH, Abass D, Lokman MS, Elmahallawy EK. Melatonin downregulates the increased hepatic alpha-fetoprotein expression and restores pancreatic beta cells in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model: a clinical, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and descriptive histopathological study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1214533. [PMID: 37655263 PMCID: PMC10467430 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder. Hepatopathy is one of the serious effects of DM Melatonin (MT) is a potent endogenous antioxidant that can control insulin output. However, little information is available about the potential association between melatonin and hepatic alpha-fetoprotein expression in diabetes. Objective This study was conducted to assess the influence of MT on diabetes-related hepatic injuries and to determine how β-cells of the pancreas in diabetic rats respond to MT administration. Materials and methods Forty rats were assigned to four groups at random (ten animals per group). Group I served as a normal control group. Group II was induced with DM, and a single dose of freshly prepared streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally injected. In Group III, rats received 10 mg/kg/day of intraperitoneal melatonin (IP MT) intraperitoneally over a period of 4 weeks. In Group IV (DM + MT), following the induction of diabetes, rats received MT (the same as in Group III). Fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum insulin levels were assessed at the end of the experimental period. Serum liver function tests were performed. The pancreas and liver were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for insulin and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) antibodies, respectively. Results MT was found to significantly modulate the raised blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels induced by diabetes, as well as the decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Furthermore, MT attenuated diabetic degenerative changes in the pancreas and the hepatic histological structure, increased the β-cell percentage area, and decreased AFP expression in the liver tissue. It attenuated diabetes-induced hepatic injury by restoring pancreatic β-cells; its antioxidant effect also reduced hepatocyte injury. Conclusion Collectively, the present study confirmed the potential benefits of MT in downregulating the increased hepatic alpha-fetoprotein expression and in restoring pancreatic β-cells in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, suggesting its promising role in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Hamad
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alblihd
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malik Saad Almuqati
- Department of Laboratory, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Jameel A. Albarakati
- Surgery Department, College of Medicine, Al-Qunfudah Branch, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Doaa Abass
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Maha S. Lokman
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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7
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AL-Qabbaa SM, Qaboli SI, Alshammari TK, Alamin MA, Alrajeh HM, Almuthnabi LA, Alotaibi RR, Alonazi AS, Bin Dayel AF, Alrasheed NM, Alrasheed NM. Sitagliptin Mitigates Diabetic Nephropathy in a Rat Model of Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes: Possible Role of PTP1B/JAK-STAT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076532. [PMID: 37047505 PMCID: PMC10095069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This study examined the therapeutic effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor, on DN and explored the underlying mechanism. Male Wistar albino rats (n = 12) were intraperitoneally administered a single dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) to induce diabetes. Streptozotocin-treated and untreated rats (n = 12) were further divided into normal control, normal sitagliptin-treated control, diabetic control, and sitagliptin-treated diabetic groups (n = 6 in each). The normal and diabetic control groups received normal saline, whereas the sitagliptin-treated control and diabetic groups received sitagliptin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). We assessed the serum levels of DN and inflammatory biomarkers. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), phosphorylated Janus kinase 2 (P-JAK2), and phosphorylated signal transducer activator of transcription (P-STAT3) levels in kidney tissues were assessed using Western blotting, and kidney sections were examined histologically. Sitagliptin reduced DN and inflammatory biomarkers and the expression of PTP1B, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3 (p < 0.001) and improved streptozotocin-induced histological changes in the kidney. These results demonstrate that sitagliptin ameliorates inflammation by inhibiting DPP-4 and consequently modulating the PTP1B-related JAK/STAT axis, leading to the alleviation of DN.
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8
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Ibrahim RM, Abdelhafez HM, El-Shamy SAEM, Eid FA, Mashaal A. Arabic gum ameliorates systemic modulation in Alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5005. [PMID: 36973339 PMCID: PMC10042862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered an alternative therapy for diabetes mellitus as they regulate glucose levels. Moreover, a variety of plants offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that have potent pharmacological effects without any negative side effects. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of Arabic gum/Gum Acacia (GA) on the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes observed in diabetic rats. Further, the anti-inflammatory activity of GA in response to diabetes, through inflammatory mediators analysis. Male rats were divided into four groups: untreated control, diabetic, Arabic gum-treated, and Arabic gum-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced using alloxan. Animals were sacrificed after 7 and 21 days of treatment with Arabic gum. Body weight, blood and pancreas tissue samples were collected for analysis. Alloxan injection significantly decreased body weight, increased glucose levels, decreased insulin levels, and caused depletion of islets of Langerhans and β-cell damage in the pancreas. Arabic gum treatment of diabetic rats significantly increased body weight, decreased serum glucose levels, increased insulin levels, exerts anti-inflammatory effect, and improved the pancreas tissue structure. Arabic gum has beneficial pharmacological effects in diabetic rats; therefore, it might be employed as diabetic therapy to reduce the hyperglycemic damage and may be applicable for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases treatment. Further, the new bioactive substances, such as medications made from plants, have larger safety margins, and can be used for a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mohammed Ibrahim
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | - Hemmat Mansour Abdelhafez
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Ahmed Eid
- Cytochemistry and Histology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
| | - Alya Mashaal
- Immunology, Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt.
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9
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Kaplan ABU, Cetin M, Bayram C, Yildirim S, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Hacimuftuoglu A. In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Formulations for Metformin and Repaglinide Alone and Combination. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1411-1426. [PMID: 36649792 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Repaglinide and Metformin are used to treat Type 2 diabetes. Repaglinide with poor water solubility has relatively low oral bioavailability (56%) and undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism. The oral bioavailability of metformin HCl is also low (about 50-60%). The purpose of this study was to prepare nanoemulsion formulations containing metformin HCl or repaglinide alone or in combination and characterize them in vitro and in vivo. Nanoemulsion formulations containing metformin HCl and/or repaglinide were successfully prepared and in vitro characterized. In addition, in vivo efficacy of nanoemulsion formulations was evaluated in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. Biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations were also performed. The mean droplet size and zeta potential values of nanoemulsion formulations were in the range of 110.15±2.64-120.23±2.16 nm and -21.95 - -24.33 mV, respectively. The percent entrapment efficiency values of nanoemulsion formulations were in the range of 93.600%-96.152%. All nanoemulsion formulations had a PDI of ≤0.223. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the blood glucose values of the diabetic rats treated with nanoemulsion formulations containing active substance/substances, compared to diabetic rats (control) (p<0.05). Nanoemulsion formulations (especially nanoemulsion containing metformin HCl and repaglinide combination) have a better antidiabetic activity and are more effective in reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meltem Cetin
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Turkey.
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Turkey
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10
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Husain A, Alouffi S, Khanam A, Akasha R, Farooqui A, Ahmad S. Therapeutic Efficacy of Natural Product 'C-Phycocyanin' in Alleviating Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes via the Inhibition of Glycation Reaction in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214235. [PMID: 36430714 PMCID: PMC9698742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood sugar levels. Chronic hyperglycemia enhances glucose-protein interactions, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which form irreversible cross-links with a wide variety of macromolecules, and accumulate rapidly in the body tissues. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic properties of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) obtained from Plectonema species against oxidative stress, glycation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rat. Forty-five days of C-PC administration decreased levels of triglycerides (TGs), blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver and kidney function indices, and raised body weight in diabetic rats. C-PC suppressed biochemical glycation markers, as well as serum carboxymethyllysine (CML) and fluorescent AGEs. Additionally, C-PC maintained the redox state by lowering lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC), enhancing the activity of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and renal antioxidant enzymes, and preserving retinal and renal histopathological characteristics. Thus, we infer that C-PC possesses antidiabetic and antiglycation effects in diabetic rats. C-PC may also act as an antidiabetic and antiglycation agent in vivo that may reduce the risk of secondary diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbab Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 202145, India
| | - Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Afreen Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Education and Research, Mangalayatan University, Aligarh 202145, India
| | - Rihab Akasha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alvina Farooqui
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (A.F.)
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Javed A, Muzammal A, Akash MSH, Rehman K. Biochemical Investigation of Therapeutic Potentials of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Stimulators of Glucagon like peptide-1 Secretion. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221114184. [PMID: 35832769 PMCID: PMC9272481 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the therapeutic potentials of plant-based
bioactive compounds; lutein and resveratrol alone and/or in combination with
DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor; sitagliptin on the secretion and bioavailability of
Glucagon like peptide-1(GLP). For this, experimental rats were divided into
seven groups. Group 1 was marked as control, while other six groups received
streptozotocin (60 mg/kg I.P.). Later, group 2 was kept disease-control. While
group 3 received 10 mg/kg/day sitagliptin (DDP-4i). Group 4 received
40 mg/kg/day lutein (LUT) and group 5 received 30 mg/kg/day resveratrol (RES).
While group 6 and 7 were received combination of DPP-4i+LUT and DPP-4i+RES,
respectively. Combined administration of DPP-4i+LUT or DPP-4i+RES showed
expected therapeutic effects by lowering the fasting blood glucose and
maintaining the serum insulin concentrations with improved glucose sensitivity
and reduced insulin resistance. Further, co-administration of LUT and RES with
DPP-4i revealed beneficial effects on measures of insulin resistance,
circulating lipids, glycemic index, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status
along with restoration of histological morphology of pancreatic cells and
enterocytes that seemed to improve the level of GLP-1. Hence, substantial
verdicts of this study showing therapeutic potentials of LUT and RES would
surely help to recognize the potential effects in combination with DPP-4i as
stimulators of GLP-1 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Javed
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayman Muzammal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
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12
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Antidiabetic effects of Scrophularia striata ethanolic extract via suppression of Pdx1 and Ins1 expression in pancreatic tissues of diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9813. [PMID: 35697707 PMCID: PMC9192607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the factors that causes severe metabolic imbalance and abnormal changes in many tissues, especially in the pancreas, is the pathological disease of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in this study, the therapeutic effects of Scrophularia striata were investigated using an animal model in the control of diabetic injury and pancreatic complications caused by diabetes. A total of 66 rats (weight 220–250 g) were randomly divided into: Healthy Control group (rats without diabetes receiving Propylene glycol as solvent); Diabetic control group; 3 experimental healthy groups (receiving the extract with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw/day); 3 treatment groups; and3 pretreatment groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal STZ (60 mg/kg bw). FBS, HbA1c and insulin were measured after 4 weeks. Pdx1 and Ins1 gene expression was assessed by RT-PCR. The histological evaluation was also performed with H&E staining. The data were analyzed by SPSS ver20 using ANOVA and Tukey tests. By treatment with S. striata ethanolic extract, these factors were close to the normal range. The expression of the Pdx1 and Ins1 genes increased in the treated rats with S. striata extract. Analysis of the obtained data indicates the effect of S. striata in improving the complications of diabetes in rats and can be considered for therapeutic purposes.
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13
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Shakir R, Hanif S, Salawi A, Arshad R, Sarfraz RM, Irfan M, Raza SA, Barkat K, Sabei FY, Almoshari Y, Alshamrani M, Syed MA. Exorbitant Drug Loading of Metformin and Sitagliptin in Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization in Healthy Volunteers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:686. [PMID: 35745605 PMCID: PMC9227047 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the proposed study is to develop a mucoadhesive buccal delivery system for the sustained delivery of metformin (MET) and sitagliptin (SIT) against diabetes mellitus (DM) with improved bioavailability. Polymeric blend of Carbopol® 940 (CP), agarose (AG) or polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as mucoadhesive agents in formulations (R1-R15) were compressed via the direct compression technique. Tablets were characterized for solid state studies, physicochemical and in vivo mucoadhesion studies in healthy volunteers. Outcomes did not reveal any unusual peak or interaction between the drugs and polymers in the physical mixture through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and DSC analysis. The mucoadhesive blend of CP and PVP was superior compared to other blends. The formulation R4 revealed exorbitant loading of drugs with complete drug release for 6 h with ex vivo mucoadhesive strength and time of 26.99 g and 8.1 h, respectively. It was further scrutinized to evaluate it as an optimized formulation where it was found to be stable for up to 6 months. The formulation R4 depicted Korsmeyer-Peppas model and first-order mode of release correspondingly for SIT and MET. Moreover, it showed hemocompatibility, biocompatibility and stability with non-significant changes in the dissolution profile. Overall, the CP blend with PVP was found appropriate to yield the desired release coupled with the optimized mucoadhesive properties of the buccal tablets, ensuring sufficient pharmaceutical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouheena Shakir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.S.); (R.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Sana Hanif
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (F.Y.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.S.); (R.A.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Atif Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of The Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.S.); (R.A.); (K.B.)
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (F.Y.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (F.Y.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (F.Y.S.); (Y.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.S.); (R.A.); (K.B.)
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14
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Morsi AA, A. Mersal E, Razik H. Farrag A, M. Abdelmoneim A, M. Abdelmenem A, S. Salim M. Histomorphological Changes in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Contribution of Stevia Leaf Extract in Modulating the Ovarian Fibrosis, VEGF, and TGF-β Immunoexpressions: Comparison with Metformin. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2022; 55:9-23. [PMID: 35444350 PMCID: PMC8913276 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of fertile females. It has been reported that stevia leaf extract (SLE) has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties. Therefore, the current study hypothesized and investigated the role and mechanistic aspects of a natural sweetener; SLE in treating a rat model of letrozole-induced PCOS and to compare it with metformin. Thirty-five female Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups: control, PCOS-induced group (letrozole, 1 mg/kg/d, for 21 days), SLE, metformin, and combination-treated groups (300 mg/kg/d, for the next 28 days in SLE and metformin-treated groups). Vaginal smears were done. The levels of glucose, lipid, and hormonal profiles were measured in the serum meanwhile, malonyl dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured in the ovary. Ovarian sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, Masson, and immunohistochemical identification of VEGF and TGF-β followed by morphometric analysis. PCOS rats showed altered hormonal and lipid profiles, in addition to hyperglycemia. Also, the ovarian tissue levels of MDA and TNF-α were elevated, and SOD was decreased. Numerous cystic follicles, decrease/absence of corpora lutea, interstitial fibrosis with positive VEGF and TGF-β immunoreactivity were evident. SLE improved all altered parameters. SLE showed potential therapeutic merits in letrozole-induced PCOS via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fibrotic, and angiogenesis regulating mechanisms. Its effects were almost comparable to metformin, and the combination of both has no further synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Morsi
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ezat A. Mersal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel Razik H. Farrag
- Department of Pathology, Medical Division Research, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | - Alshaymaa M. Abdelmenem
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Salim
- Research & Development Sector, The Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, 22311, Giza, Egypt
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15
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Makena W, Iliya AI, Hambolu JO, Timbuak JA, Umana UE, Dibal NI. Genistein and Momordica charantia L. prevent oxidative stress and upregulate proglucagon and insulin receptor mRNA in diabetic rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:1-10. [PMID: 34432988 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes occurs as a result of insulin resistance and dysfunction in insulin signaling. Controlling hyperglycemia and activation of insulin signaling are important in the management of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of genistein and Momordica charantia L. fruit (MCF) on oxidative stress, markers of inflammation, and their role in proglucagon and insulin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by real-time PCR in diabetic rats. Thirty-five albino rats were divided into 7 groups (n = 5). Group I (non-diabetic) and group II (diabetic control) were treated with distilled water, and groups III and IV received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg lyophilized MCF, respectively. Groups V and VI received 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg genistein, respectively, while group VII received 500 mg/kg metformin. The administration lasted for 28 days. MCF and genistein significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels, which were elevated in the serum of diabetic rats. Treatment with MCF and genistein significantly increased the expression of proglucagon mRNA in the small intestine and insulin receptor mRNA in the liver of diabetic rats. In conclusion, MCF and genistein ameliorate type 2 diabetes complications by preventing the loss of insulin-positive cells, inhibiting IL-1β and TNF-α, and upregulating proglucagon and insulin receptor mRNA expression. Novelty: MCF and genistein have an inhibitory effect on diabetic induced IL-1β and TNF-α production. MCF and genistein upregulate proglucagon and insulin receptor mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusa Makena
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - James Abrak Timbuak
- Department of Human Anatomy, Yusuf Maitama Sule University, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Uduak Emmanuel Umana
- Department of Human Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Nathan Isaac Dibal
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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16
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In Situ Neutral System Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Biological Interpretations of Magnesium(II), Calcium(II), Chromium(III), Zinc(II), Copper(II) and Selenium(IV) Sitagliptin Complexes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158030. [PMID: 34360322 PMCID: PMC8345415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium(II), calcium(II), chromium(III), zinc(II), copper(II), and selenium(IV) sitagliptin (STG) complexes—with the general formulas [Mg(STG)2(Cl)2]·6H2O, [Ca(STG)2(Cl)2], [Cr(STG)2(Cl)2]Cl.6H2O, [Zn(STG)2(Cl)2], [Cu(STG)2(Cl)2]·2H2O, and [Se(STG)2(Cl)2]Cl2, respectively—were designed and synthesized by the chemical reactions between metal(II, III, and IV) chloride salts with an STG ligand in situ methanol solvent in a 1:2 stoichiometric ratio (metal:ligand). Tentative structures of the complexes were proposed based on elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moments, thermogravimetric analysis, and spectral (infrared, electronic, and 1H NMR) data. The particle size and morphological investigation were checked on the bases of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. All the Mg2+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Se4+ complexes were found to be six-coordinated, wherein the STG ligands act as bidentate chelating agents. This study demonstrates that pancreatic tissues are affected by the induction of experimental diabetes mellitus and clarifies the potential of the synthesized STG complexes, which was found to more significantly improve insulin secretion and the pancreatic and glycometabolic complications of diabetic rats than STG alone.
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17
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Nazir N, Zahoor M, Nisar M, Khan I, Ullah R, Alotaibi A. Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154464. [PMID: 34361617 PMCID: PMC8348310 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in resistance of microbes against conventional drugs is currently a hot issue, whereas diabetes is another main cause of mortalities encountered throughout the world after cancer and heart attacks. New drug sources in the form of plants are investigated to get effective drugs for the mentioned diseases with minimum side effects. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. is a medicinal plant used for the management of stress related disorders like diabetes and other health complications. The active constituents of the chloroform extract derived from E. umbellata berries was isolated by silica gel column chromatography which were identified as morin, phloroglucinol, and 1-hexyl benzene through various spectroscopic techniques (electron ionization mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy). The possible protective effects (antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activity) of isolated compounds were evaluated using reported methods. Morin exhibited strong in vitro antiradical potential against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals along with prominent antibacterial activities against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis). Among the isolated compounds the more potent one (morin) was assessed for its in vivo antidiabetic potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The in vivo effects observed were further confirmed in ex vivo experiments where the effect of isolated compound on antioxidant enzyme like glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total content of reduced glutathione (GSH), % DPPH inhibition, and the lipid peroxidation MDA (Malondialdehyde) level in pancreatic tissues homogenates were evaluated. In vivo morin at tested doses (2, 10, 15, 30 and 50 mg/kg body weight) significantly restored the alterations in the levels of fasting blood glucose level and body weight loss along with significant decrease in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, HbA1c level, and significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats. Morin also effectively ameliorated the hepatic enzymes, and renal functions like serum creatinine. Morin significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme like GPx activity, GSH content, and % DPPH inhibition activity, while reduced the lipid peroxidation MDA (malondialdehyde) level in pancreatic tissues homogenates, and modification of histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Morin exhibited high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potentials as compared to phloroglucinol and 1-hexyl benzene, that could, therefore, be considered as a promising therapeutic agent to treat diabetes mellitus and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: authors: (M.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar 94604, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal Alotaibi
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: authors: (M.Z.); (A.A.)
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18
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Meligi NM, Dyab AKF, Paunov VN. Sustained In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Metformin from Plant Pollen-Derived Composite Microcapsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1048. [PMID: 34371742 PMCID: PMC8309045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a dual microencapsulation platform for the type 2 diabetes drug metformin (MTF), which is aimed to increase its bioavailability. We report the use of Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS), derived from their natural spores, and raw Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) pollens (DPP) for MTF microencapsulation. MTF was loaded into LCS and DPP via a vacuum and a novel method of hydration-induced swelling. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) percentages for MTF-loaded LCS and MTF-loaded DPP microcapsules were 14.9% ± 0.7, 29.8 ± 0.8, and 15.2% ± 0.7, 30.3 ± 1.0, respectively. The release of MTF from MTF-loaded LCS microcapsules was additionally controlled by re-encapsulating the loaded microcapsules into calcium alginate (ALG) microbeads via ionotropic gelation, where the release of MTF was found to be significantly slower and pH-dependent. The pharmacokinetic parameters, obtained from the in vivo study, revealed that the relative bioavailability of the MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads was 1.215 times higher compared to pure MTF, following oral administration of a single dose equivalent to 25 mg/kg body weight MTF to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant hypoglycemic effect was obtained for STZ-induced diabetic rats orally treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads compared to control diabetic rats. Over a period of 29 days, the STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads showed a decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a recovery in the oxidative stress biomarker, lipid peroxidation (LPx). In addition, histopathological studies of liver, pancreas, kidney, and testes suggested that MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads improved the degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. The LCS-ALG platform for dual encapsulation of MTF achieved sustained MTF delivery and enhancement of bioavailability, as well as the improved biochemical and histopathological characteristics in in vivo studies, opening many other intriguing applications in sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Meligi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Amro K. F. Dyab
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Vesselin N. Paunov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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19
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Zayas-Arrabal J, Alquiza A, Tuncay E, Turan B, Gallego M, Casis O. Molecular and Electrophysiological Role of Diabetes-Associated Circulating Inflammatory Factors in Cardiac Arrhythmia Remodeling in a Metabolic-Induced Model of Type 2 Diabetic Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136827. [PMID: 34202017 PMCID: PMC8268936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic patients have prolonged cardiac repolarization and higher risk of arrhythmia. Besides, diabetes activates the innate immune system, resulting in higher levels of plasmatic cytokines, which are described to prolong ventricular repolarization. Methods: We characterize a metabolic model of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with prolonged cardiac repolarization. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on a high-fat diet (45% Kcal from fat) for 6 weeks, and a low dose of streptozotozin intraperitoneally injected at week 2. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured and electrocardiograms of conscious animals were recorded weekly. Plasmatic lipid profile, insulin, cytokines, and arrhythmia susceptibility were determined at the end of the experimental period. Outward K+ currents and action potentials were recorded in isolated ventricular myocytes by patch-clamp. Results: T2D animals showed insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, TNFα, and IL-1b. They also developed bradycardia and prolonged QTc-interval duration that resulted in increased susceptibility to severe ventricular tachycardia under cardiac challenge. Action potential duration (APD) was prolonged in control cardiomyocytes incubated 24 h with plasma isolated from diabetic rats. However, adding TNFα and IL-1b receptor blockers to the serum of diabetic animals prevented the increased APD. Conclusions: The elevation of the circulating levels of TNFα and IL-1b are responsible for impaired ventricular repolarization and higher susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmia in our metabolic model of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Zayas-Arrabal
- Departament of Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.Z.-A.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Amaia Alquiza
- Departament of Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.Z.-A.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, 06510 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Monica Gallego
- Departament of Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.Z.-A.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Oscar Casis
- Departament of Physiology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (J.Z.-A.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945013033
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20
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Mansour SM, Aly S, Hassan SHM, Zaki HF. Protective effect of sitagliptin and whole-body γ-irradiation in diabetes-induced cardiac injury. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:676-684. [PMID: 33108742 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of cardiac complications; this study aimed to investigate effect of sitagliptin (SITA) alone or combined with γ-irradiation on diabetes-associated cardiac injury. Rats were treated with SITA (100 mg/kg per day; p.o.) for 2 weeks followed by a single dose of whole-body γ-irradiation (3 Gy). Solitary administration of SITA or combined treatment with γ-irradiation succeeded to ameliorate the increase in serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatine kinase-MB, and malondialdehyde, coupled by increased insulin and reduced glutathione levels. Their cardioprotective potential was confirmed through attenuating the apoptotic signaling by mitigating Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3, and apoptosis-inducing factor expression, while augmenting the anti-apoptotic factors, B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) in left ventricular tissue homogenates. These findings were supported histopathologically. In conclusion, treatment with SITA alone or combined with γ-irradiation may prove beneficial in diabetes-accompanied cardiac insult. This could be due to the crosstalk between the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and restoration of body's defense capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Aly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)-Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham H M Hassan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT)-Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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21
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赵 磊, 张 晓, 冯 聚, 肖 忠, 刘 泳, 龙 泓, 陈 向, 唐 卫. [Exenatide promotes cholesterol efflux in pancreatic tissue of obese diabetic rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:370-375. [PMID: 33849827 PMCID: PMC8075781 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.03.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of exenatide on the expression of ABCA1 and cholesterol metabolism in the pancreas of obese diabetic rats. OBJECTIVE Twenty-four normal male SD rats and 18 obese diabetic rats (induced by high-fat feeding and STZ injection) were both divided equally into 2 groups for injections of saline or exenatide. After treatment for a week, the expression of ABCA1, cholesterol metabolism, and islet function of the rats were examined using real-time PCR, Western blotting, oil red O staining, cholesterol content determination, and HE staining. OBJECTIVE The expressions of ABCA1 at both mRNA and protein levels in pancreatic tissue were significantly lower in obese diabetic rats than in normal SD rats. The obese diabetic rats showed obvious lipid deposition and increased cholesterol content in the pancreatic tissue with significantly reduced islet volume and structural changes (P < 0.05); exenatide treatment of the diabetic rats significantly up-regulated ABCA1 expression, reduced lipid deposition and cholesterol content in pancreatic tissue, and increased number and volume of the islets, which presented with more orderly alignment (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Obese diabetic rats have lowered ABCA1 expression, cholesterol efflux block, and cholesterol accumulation in the pancreatic tissue. Exenatide can up-regulate ABCA1 expression and promote cholesterol efflux to reduce cholesterol content in the pancreatic tissue and improve islet function in obese diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 磊 赵
- 南华大学附属第一医院 胃肠外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 晓宁 张
- 南华大学附属第一医院 胃肠外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 聚玲 冯
- 南华大学衡阳医学院转化医学研究室,湖南 衡阳 421001Research Lab of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 忠盛 肖
- 南华大学附属第一医院 胃肠外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 泳 刘
- 南华大学附属第一医院 胃肠外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 泓 龙
- 南华大学附属第一医院 胃肠外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 向恒 陈
- 南华大学附属第一医院 胃肠外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - 卫平 唐
- 南华大学附属第一医院 肝胆外科,湖南 衡阳 421001Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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22
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Abdulwahab DA, El-Missiry MA, Shabana S, Othman AI, Amer ME. Melatonin protects the heart and pancreas by improving glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in T2DM-induced rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06474. [PMID: 33748504 PMCID: PMC7970364 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy and pancreatic injury are health issues associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and are characterized by elevated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone with multifunctional antioxidant activity. The protective effects of MLT on the heart and pancreas during the early development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and pancreatic injury were investigated in male Wistar rats with T2DM. MLT (10 mg/kg) was administered daily by gavage for 15 days after diabetic induction. Treatment of diabetic rats with MLT significantly normalized the levels of serum glucose, HbA1-c, and the lipid profile and improved the insulin levels and insulin resistance compared with diabetic rats, affirming its antidiabetic effect. MLT significantly prevented the development of oxidative stress and sustained the levels of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in the heart and pancreas of diabetic animals, indicating its antioxidant capacity. Additionally, MLT prevented the increase in proinflammatory cytokines and expression of Bax, caspase-3 and P53. Furthermore, MLT enhanced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. MLT controlled the levels of troponin T and creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase activity, indicating its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. Histological examinations confirmed the protective effects of MLT on T2DM-induced injury in the myocardium, pancreas and islets of Langerhans. In conclusion, the protective effects of melatonin on the heart and pancreas during the early development of T2DM are attributed to its antihyperglycemic, antilipidemic and antioxidant influences as well as its remarkable anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sameh Shabana
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azza I. Othman
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E. Amer
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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23
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ÇAKINA S, ÖZTÜRK Ş. Streptozotosin kaynaklı diyabetik sıçanların karaciğerindeki oksidatif stres belirteçleri: metformin ve sitagliptinin etkileri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.791369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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