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Tong B, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li Q. PagMYB180 regulates adventitious rooting via a ROS/PCD-dependent pathway in poplar. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112115. [PMID: 38768868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (AR) is an essential step in the vegetative propagation of economically woody species. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules in regulating root growth and development. Here, we identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor PagMYB180 as a regulator of AR formation in hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). PagMYB180 was specifically expressed in the vascular tissues of poplar roots, stems and leaves, and its protein was localized in the nucleus and acted as a transcriptional repressor. Both dominant repression and overexpression of PagMYB180 resulted in a significant reduction of AR quantity, a substantial increase of AR length, and an elevation of both the quantity and length of lateral roots (LR) compared to the wild type (WT) plants. Furthermore, PagMYB180 regulates programmed cell death (PCD) in root cortex cells, which is associated with elevated levels of ROS. Transcriptome and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that a series of differentially expressed genes are related to ROS, PCD and ethylene synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that PagMYB180 may regulate AR development via a ROS/PCD-dependent pathway in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University and Chinese Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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2
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Liu C, Liu Q, Mou Z. Redox signaling and oxidative stress in systemic acquired resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4535-4548. [PMID: 38693779 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Plants fully depend on their immune systems to defend against pathogens. Upon pathogen attack, plants not only activate immune responses at the infection site but also trigger a defense mechanism known as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in distal systemic tissues to prevent subsequent infections by a broad-spectrum of pathogens. SAR is induced by mobile signals produced at the infection site. Accumulating evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in SAR signaling. ROS burst at the infection site is one of the earliest cellular responses following pathogen infection and can spread to systemic tissues through membrane-associated NADPH oxidase-dependent relay production of ROS. It is well known that ROS ignite redox signaling and, when in excess, cause oxidative stress, damaging cellular components. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on redox regulation of several SAR signaling components. We discuss the ROS amplification loop in systemic tissues involving multiple SAR mobile signals. Moreover, we highlight the essential role of oxidative stress in generating SAR signals including azelaic acid and extracellular NAD(P) [eNAD(P)]. Finally, we propose that eNAD(P) is a damage-associated molecular pattern serving as a converging point of SAR mobile signals in systemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Qingcai Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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3
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Ilyas M, Maqsood MF, Shahbaz M, Zulfiqar U, Ahmad K, Naz N, Ali MF, Ahmad M, Ali Q, Yong JWH, Ali HM. Alleviating salinity stress in canola (Brassica napus L.) through exogenous application of salicylic acid. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:611. [PMID: 38926637 PMCID: PMC11210054 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Canola, a vital oilseed crop, is grown globally for food and biodiesel. With the enormous demand for growing various crops, the utilization of agriculturally marginal lands is emerging as an attractive alternative, including brackish-saline transitional lands. Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of most crops, and causing food insecurity. Salicylic acid (SA), a small-molecule phenolic compound, is an essential plant defense phytohormone that promotes immunity against pathogens. Recently, several studies have reported that SA was able to improve plant resilience to withstand high salinity. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carried out to ameliorate the negative effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) on canola plants through foliar application of SA. Two canola varieties Faisal (V1) and Super (V2) were assessed for their growth performance during exposure to high salinity i.e. 0 mM NaCl (control) and 200 mM NaCl. Three levels of SA (0, 10, and 20 mM) were applied through foliar spray. The experimental design used for this study was completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The salt stress reduced the shoot and root fresh weights up to 50.3% and 47% respectively. In addition, foliar chlorophyll a and b contents decreased up to 61-65%. Meanwhile, SA treatment diminished the negative effects of salinity and enhanced the shoot fresh weight (49.5%), root dry weight (70%), chl. a (36%) and chl. b (67%). Plants treated with SA showed an increased levels of both enzymatic i.e. (superoxide dismutase (27%), peroxidase (16%) and catalase (34%)) and non-enzymatic antioxidants i.e. total soluble protein (20%), total soluble sugar (17%), total phenolic (22%) flavonoids (19%), anthocyanin (23%), and endogenous ascorbic acid (23%). Application of SA also increased the levels of osmolytes i.e. glycine betaine (31%) and total free proline (24%). Salinity increased the concentration of Na+ ions and concomitantly decreased the K+ and Ca2+ absorption in canola plants. Overall, the foliar treatments of SA were quite effective in reducing the negative effects of salinity. By comparing both varieties of canola, it was observed that variety V2 (Super) grew better than variety V1 (Faisal). Interestingly, 20 mM foliar application of SA proved to be effective in ameliorating the negative effects of high salinity in canola plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ilyas
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Kamran Ahmad
- Department of Botany, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling , Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Nargis Naz
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fraz Ali
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Zhong S, Guo C, Su L, Jiang H, Wang XE, Shi L, Li X, Liao X, Xue J. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide preliminary insights into the autotoxicity of Lilium brownii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1330061. [PMID: 38807780 PMCID: PMC11130447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1330061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Lilium brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. viridulum Baker (Longya lily) is a variety of Lilium brownii F.E. Br. ex Miellez. We used HS-SPME and GC-MS to screened the tissues of L. brownii roots, stems, bulbs, and leaves and obtained 2,4-DTBP as an autotoxic substance for subsequent analysis. 2,4-DTBP was highly autotoxic in some treatment groups. Based on changes in physiological indicators, we carried out transcriptomic analysis to investigate the mechanisms of autotoxicity of substances on L. brownii and obtained 188,505 Unigenes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that L. brownii responded differently to different concentrations and treatment times of 2,4-DTBP. We observed significant changes in genes associated with ROS, phytohormones, and MAPK signaling cascades. 2,4-DTBP affects chloroplasts, the integrity of the respiratory electron transport chain, and ribosomes, causing L. brownii autotoxicity. Our findings provide a practical genomic resource for future research on L. brownii autotoxicity and evidence for the mechanism of action of autotoxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaogang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolan Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Xue
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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5
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Mondal R, Majumdar A, Sarkar S, Goswami C, Joardar M, Das A, Mukhopadhyay PK, Roychowdhury T. An extensive review of arsenic dynamics and its distribution in soil-aqueous-rice plant systems in south and Southeast Asia with bibliographic and meta-data analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141460. [PMID: 38364927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by arsenic (As) contamination, particularly in South and Southeast Asian countries, where large-scale dependence on the usage of As-contaminated groundwater in drinking and irrigation is a familiar practice. Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation is commonly done in South and Southeast Asian countries as a preferable crop which takes up more As than any other cereals. The present article has performed a scientific meta-data analysis and extensive bibliometric analysis to demonstrate the research trend in global rice As contamination scenario in the timeframe of 1980-2023. This study identified that China contributes most with the maximum number of publications followed by India, USA, UK and Bangladesh. The two words 'arsenic' and 'rice' have been identified as the most dominant keywords used by the authors, found through co-occurrence cluster analysis with author keyword association study. The comprehensive perceptive attained about the factors affecting As load in plant tissue and the nature of the micro-environment augment the contamination of rice cultivars in the region. This extensive review analyses soil parameters through meta-data regression assessment that influence and control As dynamics in soil with its further loading into rice grains and presents that As content and OM are inversely related and slightly correlated to the pH increment of the soil. Additionally, irrigation and water management practices have been found as a potential modulator of soil As concentration and bioavailability, presented through a linear fit with 95% confidence interval method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukamal Sarkar
- Divison of Agronomy, School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Narendrapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Goswami
- Department of Environmental Studies, Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata, India
| | - Madhurima Joardar
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Antara Das
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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6
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Czékus Z, Milodanovic D, Koprivanacz P, Bela K, López-Climent MF, Gómez-Cadenas A, Poór P. The role of salicylic acid on glutathione metabolism under endoplasmic reticulum stress in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108192. [PMID: 37995576 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are highly dependent on phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). In this study, the effect of SA supplementation and the lack of endogenous SA on glutathione metabolism were investigated under ER stress in wild-type (WT) and transgenic SA-deficient NahG tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. The expression of the UPR marker gene SlBiP was dependent on SA levels and remained lower in NahG plants. Exogenous application of the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) also reduced tunicamycin (Tm)-induced SlBiP transcript accumulation. At the same time, Tm-induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production were independent of SA, whereas the accumulation of reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and the oxidised glutathione (GSSG) was regulated by SA. Tm increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) independently of SA, but the activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR; EC 1.8.5.1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC 2.5.1.18) were increased by Tm in a SA-dependent manner. SlGR2, SlGGT and SlGSTT2 expression was activated in a SA-dependent way upon Tm. Although expression of SlGSH1, SlGSTF2, SlGSTU5 and SlGTT3 did not change upon Tm treatment in leaves, SlGR1 and SlDHAR2 transcription decreased. PBA significantly increased the expression of SlGR1, SlGR2, SlGSTT2, and SlGSTT3, which contributed to the amelioration of Tm-induced ER stress based on the changes in lipid peroxidation and cell viability. Malondialdehyde accumulation and electrolyte leakage were significantly higher in WT as compared to NahG tomato leaves under ER stress, further confirming the key role of SA in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Krisztina Bela
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - María F López-Climent
- Department of Biology, Biochemestry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, 12071, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Department of Biology, Biochemestry and Natural Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, 12071, Spain.
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Yadav P, Ansari MW, Kaula BC, Rao YR, Meselmani MA, Siddiqui ZH, Brajendra, Kumar SB, Rani V, Sarkar A, Rakwal R, Gill SS, Tuteja N. Regulation of ethylene metabolism in tomato under salinity stress involving linkages with important physiological signaling pathways. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111736. [PMID: 37211221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tomato is well-known for its anti-oxidative and anti-cancer properties, and with a wide range of health benefits is an important cash crop for human well-being. However, environmental stresses (especially abiotic) are having a deleterious effect on plant growth and productivity, including tomato. In this review, authors describe how salinity stress imposes risk consequences on growth and developmental processes of tomato through toxicity by ethylene (ET) and cyanide (HCN), and ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stresses. Recent research has clarified how salinity stress induced-ACS and - β-CAS expressions stimulate the accumulation of ET and HCN, wherein the action of salicylic acid (SA),compatible solutes (CSs), polyamines (PAs) and ET inhibitors (ETIs) regulate ET and HCN metabolism. Here we emphasize how ET, SA and PA cooperates with mitochondrial alternating oxidase (AOX), salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and the antioxidants (ANTOX) system to better understand the salinity stress resistance mechanism. The current literature evaluated in this paper provides an overview of salinity stress resistance mechanism involving synchronized routes of ET metabolism by SA and PAs, connecting regulated network of central physiological processes governing through the action of AOX, β-CAS, SOS and ANTOX pathways, which might be crucial for the development of tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Yadav
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Wahid Ansari
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Babeeta C Kaula
- Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yalaga Rama Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Moaed Al Meselmani
- School of Biosciences, Alfred Denny Building, Grantham Centre, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK
| | | | - Brajendra
- Division of Soil Science, ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Kumar
- Department of Soil Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Varsha Rani
- Department of Crop Physiology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Department of Botany, University of GourBanga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Ding Y, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Shared and Related Molecular Targets and Actions of Salicylic Acid in Plants and Humans. Cells 2023; 12:219. [PMID: 36672154 PMCID: PMC9856608 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound produced by all plants that has an important role in diverse processes of plant growth and stress responses. SA is also the principal metabolite of aspirin and is responsible for many of the anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective and antitumor activities of aspirin. As a result, the number of identified SA targets in both plants and humans is large and continues to increase. These SA targets include catalases/peroxidases, metabolic enzymes, protein kinases and phosphatases, nucleosomal and ribosomal proteins and regulatory and signaling proteins, which mediate the diverse actions of SA in plants and humans. While some of these SA targets and actions are unique to plants or humans, many others are conserved or share striking similarities in the two types of organisms, which underlie a host of common biological processes that are regulated or impacted by SA. In this review, we compare shared and related SA targets and activities to highlight the common nature of actions by SA as a hormone in plants versus a therapeutic agent in humans. The cross examination of SA targets and activities can help identify new actions of SA and better explain their underlying mechanisms in plants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Ganesan S, Alagarasan JK, Sonaimuthu M, Aruchamy K, Alkallas FH, Ben Gouider Trabelsi A, Kusmartsev FV, Polisetti V, Lee M, Lo HM. Preparation and Characterization of Salsalate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: In Vitro Release and Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:733. [PMID: 36547880 PMCID: PMC9785770 DOI: 10.3390/md20120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled-release characteristic of drug delivery systems is utilized to increase the residence time of therapeutic agents in the human body. This study aimed to formulate and characterize salsalate (SSL)-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) prepared using the ionic gelation method and to assess their in vitro release and antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The optimized CSNPs and CSNP-SSL formulation were characterized for particle size (156.4 ± 12.7 nm and 132.8 ± 17.4 nm), polydispersity index (0.489 ± 0.011 and 0.236 ± 132 0.021), zeta potential (68 ± 16 mV and 37 ± 11 mV), and entrapment efficiency (68.9 ± 2.14%). Physicochemical features of these nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that CSNPs and CSNP-SSL were spherical in shape with a smooth surface and their particle size ranged between 200 and 500 nm. In vitro release profiles of the optimized formulations showed an initial burst followed by slow and sustained drug release after 18 h (64.2 ± 3.2%) and 48 h (84.6 ± 4.23%), respectively. Additionally, the CSNPs and CSNP-SSL nanoparticles showed a sustained antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (15.7 ± 0.1 and 19.1 ± 1.2 mm) and Escherichia coli (17.5 ± 0.8 and 21.6 ± 1.7 243 mm). Interestingly, CSNP-SSL showed better capability (89.4 ± 1.2% and 95.8 ± 0.7%) than did CSNPs in inhibiting antibiofilm production by Enterobacter tabaci (E2) and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae (SC3). Therefore, CSNPs are a promising dosage form for sustained drug delivery and enhanced antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of SSL; these results could be translated into increased patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarasan Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
| | | | - Mohandoss Sonaimuthu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanakaraj Aruchamy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatemah Homoud Alkallas
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fedor Vasilievich Kusmartsev
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Veerababu Polisetti
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moonyong Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Huang-Mu Lo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 41349, Taiwan
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Zhou F, Gao Y, Kang Z, Li T, Hu X. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviates low-temperature injury by regulating glutathione metabolism and β-alanine metabolism in tomato seedling roots. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 245:114112. [PMID: 36155340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Food availability represents a major worldwide concern due to climate change and population growth. Low-temperature stress (LTS) severely restricts the growth of tomato seedlings. Exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) can alleviate the harm of abiotic stress including LTS; however, data on its protective mechanism on tomato seedling roots, the effects of organelle structure, and the regulation of metabolic pathways under LTS are lacking. In this study, we hope to fill the above gaps by exploring the effects of exogenous ALA on morphology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species (ROS) enrichment, physiological indicators, related gene expression, and metabolic pathway in tomato seedlings root under LTS. Results showed that ALA pretreatment could increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances in tomato seedlings roots under LTS to scavenge the massively accumulated ROS, thereby protecting the mitochondrial structure of roots and promoting root development under LTS. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis showed that exogenous ALA pretreatment activated the glutathione metabolism and β-alanine metabolism of tomato seedling roots under LTS, further enhanced the scavenging ability of tomato seedling roots to ROS, and improved the low-temperature tolerance of tomato seedlings. The findings provide a new insight into the regulation of the low-temperature tolerance of tomato by exogenous ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengda Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Luqiao Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen Kang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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11
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Bano K, Kumar B, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenously-Sourced Salicylic Acid Imparts Resilience towards Arsenic Stress by Modulating Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Potential and Arsenic Sequestration in Brassica napus Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2010. [PMID: 36290733 PMCID: PMC9598392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, salicylic acid (SA) assesses the physiological and biochemical responses in overcoming the potential deleterious impacts of arsenic (As) on Brassica napus cultivar Neelam. The toxicity caused by As significantly reduced the observed growth and photosynthetic attributes and accelerated the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants subjected to As stress revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in the plant growth and photosynthetic parameters, which accounts for decreased carbon (C) and sulfur (S) assimilation. Foliar spray of SA lowered the oxidative burden in terms of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•-), and lipid peroxidation in As-affected plants. Application of SA in two levels (250 and 500 mM) protected the Brassica napus cultivar from As stress by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the plant by lowering oxidative stress. Among the two doses, 500 mM SA was most effective in mitigating the adverse effects of As on the Brassica napus cultivar. It was found that SA application to the Brassica napus cultivar alleviated the stress by lowering the accumulation of As in roots and leaves due to the participation of metal chelators like phytochelatins, enhancing the S-assimilatory pathway, carbohydrate metabolism, higher cell viability in roots, activity of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco), and proline metabolism through the active participation of γ-glutamyl kinase (GK) and proline oxidase (PROX) enzyme. The current study shows that SA has the capability to enhance the growth and productivity of B. napus plants cultivated in agricultural soil polluted with As and perhaps other heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koser Bano
- Department of Botany, Government, MVM College, Barkatullah University Bhopal (M.P.), Bhopal 462004, India
| | - Bharty Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government, MVM College, Barkatullah University Bhopal (M.P.), Bhopal 462004, India
| | | | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir 192301, India
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12
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Kim D, Riu M, Oh SK, Ryu CM. Extracellular self-RNA: A danger elicitor in pepper induces immunity against bacterial and viral pathogens in the field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:864086. [PMID: 36226289 PMCID: PMC9549290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.864086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants and animals serve as hosts for microbes. To protect themselves from microbe-induced damage, plants and animals need to differentiate self-molecules/signals from non-self, microbe-derived molecules. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals released from the damaged host tissue or present on the surface of stressed cells. Although a self-extracellular DNA has previously been shown to act as a DAMP in different plant species, the existence of a self-extracellular RNA (eRNA) as a danger signal in plants remains unknown. Here, we firstly evaluated the ability of a pepper self-eRNA to activate immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens under field conditions. Pepper leaves pre-infiltrated with self-eRNA exhibited reduced titer of the naturally occurring Tomato spotted wilt virus and diminished symptoms of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria infection through eliciting defense priming of abscisic acid signaling. At the end of the growing season at 90 days after transplanting, pepper plants treated with self- and non-self-eRNAs showed no difference in fruit yield. Taken together, our discovery demonstrated that self-eRNA can successfully activate plant systemic immunity without any growth penalty, indicating its potential as a novel disease management agent against a broad range of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myoungjoo Riu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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13
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Reactive oxygen species in plants: an invincible fulcrum for biotic stress mitigation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5945-5955. [PMID: 36063177 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Climate change-associated environmental vagaries have amplified the incidence of pests and pathogens on plants, thus imparting the increased quest for management strategies. Plants respond to stresses through intricate signaling networks that regulate diverse cellular mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cardinal towards the maintenance of normal plant activities as well as improving stress management. Plants that exhibit a fine balance between ROS levels and its management apparently mitigate stresses better. There have been very many compendiums on signaling and management of ROS during several abiotic stresses. However, expansion of knowledge related to ROS induction and homeostasis during biotic stresses is pertinent. Hence, considering its importance, we provide insights in this review on how plants signal and manage ROS upon an oxidative burst during their interaction with pathogens and herbivores. Substantial degree of molecular changes and pivotal roles of ROS have been detected during phyto-pathogen/herbivore interactions, opening novel platforms to understand signaling/management of events under varied biotic stresses. It is interesting to know that, though plants react to biotic stresses through oxidative burst, receptors and elicitors involved in the signal transduction differ across stresses. The review provides explicit details about the specific signaling of ROS production in plants under pathogen and herbivore attack. Furthermore, we also provide an update about tackling the accumulated ROS under biotic stresses as another pivotal step. ROS signaling and homeostasis can be exploited as critical players and a fulcrum to tackle biotic stresses, thus paving the way for futuristic combinatorial stress management strategies. KEY POINTS: • The review is a comprehension of redox signaling and management in plants during herbivory and pathogen infection • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important factor during normal plant activities as well as in their response to stresses. Diverse modes of ROS signaling and management have been observed during both biotic stresses independently • Exploration of plant biology in multi-stress resistant plants like the crop wild relatives could pave the way for combinatorial management of stress for a better tomorrow.
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14
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Mostafa S, Wang Y, Zeng W, Jin B. Plant Responses to Herbivory, Wounding, and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137031. [PMID: 35806046 PMCID: PMC9266417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, and cuticle layers, whereas chemical barriers include secondary metabolites (SMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants and herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of physical stimuli, chemical compounds (orally secreted by insects and herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. Plant cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes the initiation of signal transduction, the activation of various hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene), and the release of VOCs and SMs. This review of recent studies of plant–herbivore–infection interactions focuses on early and late plant responses, including physical barriers, signal transduction, SM production as well as epigenetic regulation, and phytohormone responses.
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15
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Tryptophan Levels as a Marker of Auxins and Nitric Oxide Signaling. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101304. [PMID: 35631729 PMCID: PMC9144324 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic amino acid tryptophan is the main precursor for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which involves various parallel routes in plants, with indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) being one of the most common intermediates. Auxin signaling is well known to interact with free radical nitric oxide (NO) to perform a more complex effect, including the regulation of root organogenesis and nitrogen nutrition. To fathom the link between IAA and NO, we use a metabolomic approach to analyze the contents of low-molecular-mass molecules in cultured cells of Arabidopsis thaliana after the application of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), an NO donor or IAOx. We separated the crude extracts of the plant cells through ion-exchange columns, and subsequent fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thus identifying 26 compounds. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on N-metabolism-related compounds, as classified by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The differences observed between controls and treatments are mainly explained by the differences in Trp contents, which are much higher in controls. Thus, the Trp is a shared response in both auxin- and NO-mediated signaling, evidencing some common signaling mechanism to both GSNO and IAOx. The differences in the low-molecular-mass-identified compounds between GSNO- and IAOx-treated cells are mainly explained by their concentrations in benzenepropanoic acid, which is highly associated with IAA levels, and salicylic acid, which is related to glutathione. These results show that the contents in Trp can be a marker for the study of auxin and NO signaling.
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16
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Sun C, Liu J, Liu H, Guo J. Reactive oxygen species mediate the relationship between mitochondrial function and delayed luminescence during senescence of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) fruits. ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM 2022; 44:25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11738-022-03356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
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Whelehan LM, Funnekotter B, Bunn E, Mancera RL. Review: The case for studying mitochondrial function during plant cryopreservation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 315:111134. [PMID: 35067304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation has several advantages over other ex situ conservation methods, and indeed is the only viable storage method for the long term conservation of most plant species. However, despite many advances in this field, it is increasingly clear that some species are ill-equipped to overcome the intense stress imposed by the cryopreservation process, making protocol development incredibly difficult using traditional trial and error methods. Cryobiotechnology approaches have been recently recognised as a strategic way forward, utilising intimate understanding of biological systems to inform development of more effective cryopreservation protocols. Mitochondrial function is a model candidate for a cryobiotechnological approach, as it underpins not only energy provision, but also several other key determinants of germplasm outcome, including stress response, reduction-oxidation status, and programmed cell death. Extensive research in animal cell and tissue cryopreservation has established a clear link between mitochondrial health and cryopreservation survival, but also indicates that mitochondria are routinely subject to damage from multiple aspects of the cryopreservation process. Evidence is already emerging that mitochondrial dysfunction may also occur in plant cryopreservation, and this research can be greatly expanded by using considered applications of innovative technologies. A range of mitochondria-targeted prophylactic and therapeutic interventions already exist with potential to improve cryopreservation outcomes through mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily M Whelehan
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Bryn Funnekotter
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Eric Bunn
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia.
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18
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Zhu F, Zhang Q, Che Y, Zhu P, Zhang Q, Ji Z. Glutathione contributes to resistance responses to TMV through a differential modulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:1668-1687. [PMID: 34553471 PMCID: PMC8578835 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced by pathogens and confers protection against a broad range of pathogens. Several SAR signals have been characterized, but the nature of the other unknown signalling by small metabolites in SAR remains unclear. Glutathione (GSH) has long been implicated in the defence reaction against biotic stress. However, the mechanism that GSH increases plant tolerance against virus infection is not entirely known. Here, a combination of a chemical, virus-induced gene-silencing-based genetics approach, and transgenic technology was undertaken to investigate the role of GSH in plant viral resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection results in increasing the expression of GSH biosynthesis genes NbECS and NbGS, and GSH content. Silencing of NbECS or NbGS accelerated oxidative damage, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), compromised plant resistance to TMV, and suppressed the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated signalling pathway. Application of GSH or l-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (a GSH activator) alleviated oxidative damage, decreased accumulation of ROS, elevated plant local and systemic resistance, enhanced the SA-mediated signalling pathway, and increased the expression of ROS scavenging-related genes. However, treatment with buthionine sulfoximine (a GSH inhibitor) accelerated oxidative damage, elevated ROS accumulation, compromised plant systemic resistance, suppressed the SA-mediated signalling pathway, and reduced the expression of ROS-regulating genes. Overexpression of NbECS reduced oxidative damage, decreased accumulation of ROS, increased resistance to TMV, activated the SA-mediated signalling pathway, and increased the expression of the ROS scavenging-related genes. We present molecular evidence suggesting GSH is essential for both local and systemic resistance of N. benthamiana to TMV through a differential modulation of SA and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Qi‐Ping Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Che
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Peng‐Xiang Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Qin‐Qin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Lin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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19
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Li B, Wang W. Salicylic acid induces tolerance of Vitisriparia×V.labrusca to chilling stress by altered photosynthetic, antioxidant mechanisms and expression of cold stress responsive genes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1973711. [PMID: 34523393 PMCID: PMC8526021 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1973711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The yield and quality of wine grapes are severely persecuted by low-temperaturestresses. Salicylic acid (SA) assists plants in coping with abiotic stresses such as drought, heavy metal toxicity, and osmotic stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of SA on the mitigation of cold damage in grapes, which is useful for the cultivation of wine grapes.Vitisriparia×V.labruscaseedlings were treated with foliar-sprayedSA at concentrations of 0-2 mM and then subjected to chilling stress at 4°C for 2 or 4 days, while the expression of relevant physiological indicators and cold response genes (CBF1, CBF2, CBF3) were measured. The findings indicated that low temperature stresses markedly reduced chlorophyll content, and increased proline as well as soluble sugar content, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, decreased catalase (CAT) activity and inducedCBFgene expression in leaves. Physiologically, foliar spraying of different concentrations of SA greatly increased antioxidant enzyme activity (P < .05), soluble sugars, proline, and chlorophyll content of grapes leave under low temperature stress. With regard to gene expression, SA has significantly regulated the cold response genesCBF1, CBF2, andCBF3. Therefore, SA could reduce cold damage in grapevines under low-temperaturestress, and the effect of SA was most pronounced in the 1 and 2 mM concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,China
| | - Wangtian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science of Gansu Province, College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,China
- CONTACTWangtian Wang Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science of Gansu Province, College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou730070,China
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20
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Nie M, Hu C, Shi G, Cai M, Wang X, Zhao X. Selenium restores mitochondrial dysfunction to reduce Cr-induced cell apoptosis in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) root tips. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112564. [PMID: 34340154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) disrupts the growth and physiology of plants. Selenium (Se) is considered as a promising option to help plants ameliorate Cr toxicity. To investigate the effects of exogenous Se on reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and programmed cell death (PCD) in root tip cells under Cr stress, hydroponic experiments were carried out with Chinese cabbage seedlings grown in Hoagland solution containing 1 mg L-1 Cr and 0.1 mg L-1 Se. Results showed that Se scavenged the overproduction of H2O2 and O2-·, and alleviated the level of lipid peroxidation in root tips stressed by Cr. Moreover, Se effectively prevented DNA degradation and reduced the number of apoptotic cells in root tips. Compared with Cr treatment, Se supplementation reduced the content of ROS and malondialdehyde in mitochondria by 38.23% and 17.52%, respectively. Se application decreased the opening degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pores by 32.30%, increased mitochondrial membrane potential by 40.91%, alleviated the release of cyt c from mitochondria into cytosol by 18.42% and caused 57.40% decrease of caspase 3-like protease activity, and thus restored mitochondrial dysfunction caused by Cr stress. In addition, the alteration of Se on mitochondrial physiological properties maintained calcium homeostasis between mitochondria and cytosol, which further contributed to reducing the appearance of Cr-induced PCD. Findings suggested that Se restored mitochondrial dysfunction, which further rescued root tip cells from PCD, consequently activating defense strategies to protect plants from Cr toxicity and maintaining plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Nie
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer/Research Center of Trace Elements/Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China.
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21
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Gallé Á, Czékus Z, Tóth L, Galgóczy L, Poór P. Pest and disease management by red light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3197-3210. [PMID: 34191305 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for plant life. It provides a source of energy through photosynthesis and regulates plant growth and development and other cellular processes, such as by controlling the endogenous circadian clock. Light intensity, quality, duration and timing are all important determinants of plant responses, especially to biotic stress. Red light can positively influence plant defence mechanisms against different pathogens, but the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon is not fully understood. Therefore, we reviewed the impact of red light on plant biotic stress responses against viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes, with a focus on the physiological effects of red light treatment and hormonal crosstalk under biotic stress in plants. We found evidence suggesting that exposing plants to red light increases levels of salicylic acid (SA) and induces SA signalling mediating the production of reactive oxygen species, with substantial differences between species and plant organs. Such changes in SA levels could be vital for plants to survive infections. Therefore, the application of red light provides a multidimensional aspect to developing innovative and environmentally friendly approaches to plant and crop disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Gallé
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Czékus
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Liliána Tóth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Galgóczy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Enhanced SA and Ca 2+ signaling results in PCD-mediated spontaneous leaf necrosis in wheat mutant wsl. Mol Genet Genomics 2021; 296:1249-1262. [PMID: 34426888 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leaf is the major photosynthesis organ and the key source of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. Spotted leaf (spl) mutant is a kind of leaf lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) in plants, which is an ideal material for studying the mechanisms of leaf development. In this study, we report the leaf abnormal development molecular mechanism of a spl mutant named white stripe leaf (wsl) derived from wheat cultivar Guomai 301 (WT). Histochemical observation indicated that the leaf mesophyll cells of the wsl were destroyed in the necrosis regions. To explore the molecular regulatory network of the leaf development in mutant wsl, we employed transcriptome analysis, histochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and observations of the key metabolites and photosynthesis parameters. Compared to WT, the expressions of the chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis-related homeotic genes were repressed; many genes in the WRKY transcription factor (TF) families were highly expressed; the salicylic acid (SA) and Ca2+ signal transductions were enhanced in wsl. Both the chlorophyll contents and the photosynthesis rate were lower in wsl. The contents of SA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly higher, and the leaf rust resistance was enhanced in wsl. Based on the experimental data, a primary molecular regulatory model for leaf development in wsl was established. The results indicated that the SA accumulation and enhanced Ca2+ signaling led to programmed cell death (PCD), and ultimately resulted in spontaneous leaf necrosis of wsl. These results laid a solid foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism of leaf development in wheat.
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Van Aken O. Mitochondrial redox systems as central hubs in plant metabolism and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:36-52. [PMID: 33624829 PMCID: PMC8154082 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria are indispensable for plant metabolism and are tightly integrated into cellular homeostasis. This review provides an update on the latest research concerning the organization and operation of plant mitochondrial redox systems, and how they affect cellular metabolism and signaling, plant development, and stress responses. New insights into the organization and operation of mitochondrial energy systems such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) are discussed. The mtETC produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can act as signals or lead to cellular damage, and are thus efficiently removed by mitochondrial antioxidant systems, including Mn-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases. Plant mitochondria are tightly connected with photosynthesis, photorespiration, and cytosolic metabolism, thereby providing redox-balancing. Mitochondrial proteins are targets of extensive post-translational modifications, but their functional significance and how they are added or removed remains unclear. To operate in sync with the whole cell, mitochondria can communicate their functional status via mitochondrial retrograde signaling to change nuclear gene expression, and several recent breakthroughs here are discussed. At a whole organism level, plant mitochondria thus play crucial roles from the first minutes after seed imbibition, supporting meristem activity, growth, and fertility, until senescence of darkened and aged tissue. Finally, plant mitochondria are tightly integrated with cellular and organismal responses to environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and submergence, but also threats posed by pathogens. Both the major recent advances and outstanding questions are reviewed, which may help future research efforts on plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Author for communication:
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24
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Popov VN, Syromyatnikov MY, Fernie AR, Chakraborty S, Gupta KJ, Igamberdiev AU. The uncoupling of respiration in plant mitochondria: keeping reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under control. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:793-807. [PMID: 33245770 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondrial respiration involves the operation of various alternative pathways. These pathways participate, both directly and indirectly, in the maintenance of mitochondrial functions though they do not contribute to energy production, being uncoupled from the generation of an electrochemical gradient across the mitochondrial membrane and thus from ATP production. Recent findings suggest that uncoupled respiration is involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, regulation, and homeostasis. Here we discuss specific roles and possible functions of uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in ROS and NO metabolism. The mechanisms of expression and regulation of the NDA-, NDB- and NDC-type non-coupled NADH and NADPH dehydrogenases, the alternative oxidase (AOX), and the uncoupling protein (UCP) are examined in relation to their involvement in the establishment of the stable far-from-equilibrium state of plant metabolism. The role of uncoupled respiration in controlling the levels of ROS and NO as well as inducing signaling events is considered. Secondary functions of uncoupled respiration include its role in protection from stress factors and roles in biosynthesis and catabolism. It is concluded that uncoupled mitochondrial respiration plays an important role in providing rapid adaptation of plants to changing environmental factors via regulation of ROS and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Syromyatnikov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute for Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada
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Ma Q, Liu Y, Fang H, Wang P, Ahammed GJ, Zai W, Shi K. An Essential Role of Mitochondrial α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase E2 in the Basal Immune Response Against Bacterial Pathogens in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:579772. [PMID: 33193523 PMCID: PMC7661389 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.579772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants intensely modulate respiration when pathogens attack, but the function of mitochondrial respiration-related genes in plant-bacteria interaction is largely unclear. Here, the functions of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-kGDH) E2 subunit and alternative oxidase (AOX) were investigated in the interaction between tomato and the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Pst inoculation suppressed the transcript abundance of α-kGDH E2, but enhanced AOX expression and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Gene silencing and transient overexpression approaches revealed that plant susceptibility to Pst was significantly reduced by silencing α-kGDH E2 in tomato, but increased by overexpressing α-kGDH E2 in Nicotiana benthamiana, whereas silencing or overexpressing of AOX1a did not affect plant defense. Moreover, silencing octanoyltransferase (LIP2), engaged in the lipoylation of α-kGDH E2, significantly reduced disease susceptibility and hydrogen peroxide accumulation. Use of transgenic NahG tomato plants that cannot accumulate SA as well as the exogenous SA application experiment evidenced that α-kGDH E2 acts downstream of SA defense pathway. These results demonstrate tomato α-kGDH E2 plays a negative role in plant basal defense against Pst in an AOX-independent pathway but was associated with lipoylation and SA defense pathways. The findings help to elucidate the mechanisms of mitochondria-involved plant basal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomei Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanmo Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenshan Zai
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Csintalan Z, Péli ER. Effect of Salicylic Acid Pre-Treatment after Long-Term Desiccation in the Moss Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091097. [PMID: 32858991 PMCID: PMC7569889 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to examine the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and to study the seasonal variation of the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and antioxidant enzymatic activities in desiccation-tolerant moss species Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) Web. and Mohr. Aqueous 0.001 M SA solution was sprayed on the moss cushions collected from semi-arid sandy grassland, Hungary in three seasons (spring, summer, autumn). These cushions were kept under the observation for 10 Days. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, i.e., maximum photochemical quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), effective photochemical quantum yield of PS II (ΦPSII), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and antioxidant enzymatic activities, i.e., ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and protein content were determined. The results showed the increase of Fv/Fm in spring and autumn season while ΦPSII was reduced significantly during spring and summer season after treatment with SA compared to control. SA-treated mosses showed higher values of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) during the spring and autumn season than in summer. Activities of enzyme APX and CAT were found to increase in SA-treated except POD activity. In SA-treated moss cushions, lower protein content was found. It can be concluded that seasonal variation has been observed in chlorophyll fluorescence and antioxidant system after long term of desiccation in S. ruralis species that could be because of SA and might be due to fluctuations in conditions of their habitat, duration of light intensity, temperature and precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Csintalan
- Doctoral School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1., H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Evelin Ramóna Péli
- Department of Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca. 2., H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (R.); (E.R.P.)
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