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Lei W, Li X, Li S, Zhou F, Guo Y, Zhang M, Jin X, Zhang H. Targeting neutrophils extracellular traps, a promising anti-thrombotic therapy for natural products from traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117310. [PMID: 39226727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Thrombi are the main cause of vascular occlusion and contribute significantly to cardiovascular events and death. Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs)-induced thrombosis plays a vital role in thrombotic complications and it takes the main responsibility for the resistance of fibrinolysis. However, the conventional anti-thrombotic therapies are inadequate to treat NETs-induced thrombotic complications but carry a high risk of bleeding. Consequently, increased attention has shifted towards exploring novel anti-thrombotic treatments targeting NETs. Interestingly, accumulating evidences prove that natural products from traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a great potential to mitigate thrombosis through inhibiting generous NETs formation and degrading excessive NETs. In this review, we elaborated the formation and degradation of NETs and highlighted its pivotal role in immunothrombosis through interactions with platelets and coagulation factors. Since available anti-thrombotic drugs targeting NETs are deficient, we further summarized the natural products and compounds from traditional Chinese herbal medicines which exert effective actions on regulating NETs formation and also have anti-thrombotic effects. Our findings underscore the diverse effects of natural products in targeting NETs, including relieving inflammation and oxidative stress of neutrophils, inhibiting neutrophils activation and DNA efflux, suppressing granule proteins release, reducing histones and promoting DNA degradation. This review aims to highlight the significance of natural medicines in anti-thrombotic therapies through targeting NETs and to lay a groundwork for developing novel anti-thrombotic agents from traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shanze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Fengjie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yadi Guo
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinyao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Tang C, Jin Y, Wu M, Jia F, Lu X, Li J, Wu J, Zhu S, Wang Z, An D, Xiong W, Zhang Y, Xu H, Chen X. A biomimic anti-neuroinflammatory nanoplatform for active neutrophil extracellular traps targeting and spinal cord injury therapy. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101218. [PMID: 39221206 PMCID: PMC11364920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) always leads to severe neurological deficits and permanent damage. Neuroinflammation is a vital process of SCI and have become a promising target for SCI treatment. However, the neuroinflammation-targeted therapy would hinder the functional recovery of spinal cord and lead to the treatment failure. Herein, a biomimic anti-neuroinflammatory nanoplatform (DHCNPs) was developed for active neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) targeting and SCI treatment. The curcumin-loaded liposome with the anti-inflammatory property acted as the core of the DHCNPs. Platelet membrane and neutrophil membrane were fused to form the biomimic hybrid membrane of the DHCNPs for hijacking neutrophils and neutralizing the elevated neutrophil-related proinflammatory cytokines, respectively. DNAse I modification on the hybrid membrane could achieve NETs degradation, blood spinal cord barrier, and neuron repair. Further studies proved that the DHCNPs could reprogram the multifaceted neuroinflammation and reverse the SCI process via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway. We believe that the current study provides a new perspective for neuroinflammation inhibition and may shed new light on the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yaoyao Jin
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, 223022, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Yancheng First Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, 224008, China
| | - Xiaowei Lu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Senlin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhiji Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huae Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Han H, Santos HA. Nano- and Micro-Platforms in Therapeutic Proteins Delivery for Cancer Therapy: Materials and Strategies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409522. [PMID: 39263818 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Proteins have emerged as promising therapeutics in oncology due to their great specificity. Many treatment strategies are developed based on protein biologics, such as immunotherapy, starvation therapy, and pro-apoptosis therapy, while some protein biologics have entered the clinics. However, clinical translation is severely impeded by instability, short circulation time, poor transmembrane transportation, and immunogenicity. Micro- and nano-particles-based drug delivery platforms are designed to solve those problems and enhance protein therapeutic efficacy. This review first summarizes the different types of therapeutic proteins in clinical and research stages, highlighting their administration limitations. Next, various types of micro- and nano-particles are described to demonstrate how they can overcome those limitations. The potential of micro- and nano-particles are then explored to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of proteins by combinational therapies. Finally, the challenges and future directions of protein biologics carriers are discussed for optimized protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Han
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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Boiero Sanders M, Oosterheert W, Hofnagel O, Bieling P, Raunser S. Phalloidin and DNase I-bound F-actin pointed end structures reveal principles of filament stabilization and disassembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7969. [PMID: 39261469 PMCID: PMC11390976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin filament turnover involves subunits binding to and dissociating from the filament ends, with the pointed end being the primary site of filament disassembly. Several molecules modulate filament turnover, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we present three cryo-EM structures of the F-actin pointed end in the presence and absence of phalloidin or DNase I. The two terminal subunits at the undecorated pointed end adopt a twisted conformation. Phalloidin can still bind and bridge these subunits, inducing a conformational shift to a flattened, F-actin-like state. This explains how phalloidin prevents depolymerization at the pointed end. Interestingly, two DNase I molecules simultaneously bind to the phalloidin-stabilized pointed end. In the absence of phalloidin, DNase I binding would disrupt the terminal actin subunit packing, resulting in filament disassembly. Our findings uncover molecular principles of pointed end regulation and provide structural insights into the kinetic asymmetry between the actin filament ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Boiero Sanders
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wout Oosterheert
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Hofnagel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Bieling
- Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
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5
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Zhuang J, Du X, Liu K, Hao J, Wang H, An R, Liang X. DNase II Can Efficiently Digest RNA and Needs to Be Redefined as a Nuclease. Cells 2024; 13:1525. [PMID: 39329709 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DNase II, identified in 1947 and named in 1953, is an acidic DNA endonuclease prevalent across organisms and crucial for normal growth. Despite its expression in nearly all human tissues, as well as its biological significance, DNase II's detailed functions and corresponding mechanisms remain unclear. Although many groups are trying to figure this out, progress is very limited. It is very hard to connect its indispensability with its DNA cleavage activity. In this study, we find that DNase II secreted to saliva can digest RNA in mildly acidic conditions, prompting us to hypothesize that salivary DNase II might digest RNA in the stomach. This finding is consistent with the interesting discovery reported in 1964 that RNA could inhibit DNase II's activity, which has been largely overlooked. This RNA digestion activity is further confirmed by using purified DNase II, showing activity to digest both DNA and RNA effectively. Here, we suggest redesignating DNase II as DNase II (RNase). The biological functions of DNase II are suggested to recycle intracellular RNA or digest external nucleic acids (both RNA and DNA) as nutrients. This discovery may untangle the mystery of DNase II and its significant biofunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xinmei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Kehan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Ran An
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xingguo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266404, China
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6
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Gilloteaux J, Jamison JM, Summers JL, Taper HS. Reactivation of nucleases with peroxidation damages induced by a menadione: ascorbate combination devastates human prostate carcinomas: ultrastructural aspects. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:378-421. [PMID: 39105605 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2024.2379300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Xenografts of androgen-independent human DU145 prostate metastatic carcinomas implanted in nu/nu male mice have revealed a significant survival after a prooxidant anticancer treatment consisting of a combination of menadione bisulfite and sodium ascorbate (VK3:VC). METHODS Implanted samples of diaphragm carcinomas from longest survived mice from either oral, intraperitoneal (IP), or both oral and IP treatment groups were assessed with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to analyze morphologic damages. RESULTS Compared with previous fine structure data of in vitro untreated carcinomas, the changes induced by oral, IP, and oral with IP VK3:VC treatment dismantled those xenografts with autoschizis, and necrotic atrophy was accomplished by cell's oxidative stress whose injuries were consequent to reactivated deoxyribonucleases and ribonucleases. Tumor destructions resulted from irreversible damages of nucleus components, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria there. Other alterations included those of the cytoskeleton that resulted in characteristic self-excisions named " autoschizis." All these injuries lead resilient cancer cells to necrotic cell death. CONCLUSION The fine structure damages caused by VK3:VC prooxidant combination in the human DU145 prostate xenografts confirmed those shown in vitro and of other cell lines with histochemistry and biomolecular investigations. These devastations incurred without damage to normal tissues; thus, our data brought support for the above combination to assist in the treatment of prostate cancers and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Gilloteaux
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St Georges' University International School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, NEOMed (NEOUCOM), Rootstown, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Research in Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NARILIS, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - James M Jamison
- Department of Urology, Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio, USA
- St Thomas Hospital, The Apatone Development Center, Summa Research Fondation, Akron Ohio, USA
| | - Jack L Summers
- Department of Urology, Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio, USA
- St Thomas Hospital, The Apatone Development Center, Summa Research Fondation, Akron Ohio, USA
| | - Henryk S Taper
- Département des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Unité de Pharmacocinétique, Métabolisme, Nutrition et Toxicologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Lin KN, Volkel K, Cao C, Hook PW, Polak RE, Clark AS, San Miguel A, Timp W, Tuck JM, Velev OD, Keung AJ. A primordial DNA store and compute engine. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01771-6. [PMID: 39174834 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Any modern information system is expected to feature a set of primordial features and functions: a substrate stably carrying data; the ability to repeatedly write, read, erase, reload and compute on specific data from that substrate; and the overall ability to execute such functions in a seamless and programmable manner. For nascent molecular information technologies, proof-of-principle realization of this set of primordial capabilities would advance the vision for their continued development. Here we present a DNA-based store and compute engine that captures these primordial capabilities. This system comprises multiple image files encoded into DNA and adsorbed onto ~50-μm-diameter, highly porous, hierarchically branched, colloidal substrate particles comprised of naturally abundant cellulose acetate. Their surface areas are over 200 cm2 mg-1 with binding capacities of over 1012 DNA oligos mg-1, 10 TB mg-1 or 104 TB cm-3. This 'dendricolloid' stably holds DNA files better than bare DNA with an extrapolated ability to be repeatedly lyophilized and rehydrated over 170 times compared with 60 times, respectively. Accelerated ageing studies project half-lives of ~6,000 and 2 million years at 4 °C and -18 °C, respectively. The data can also be erased and replaced, and non-destructive file access is achieved through transcribing from distinct synthetic promoters. The resultant RNA molecules can be directly read via nanopore sequencing and can also be enzymatically computed to solve simplified 3 × 3 chess and sudoku problems. Our study establishes a feasible route for utilizing the high information density and parallel computational advantages of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Volkel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cyrus Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Paul W Hook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel E Polak
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Genetics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Andrew S Clark
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Adriana San Miguel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Genetics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Winston Timp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James M Tuck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Orlin D Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Albert J Keung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Genetics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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8
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Yew JS, Ong SK, Lim HX, Tan SH, Ong KC, Wong KT, Poh CL. Immunogenicity of trivalent DNA vaccine candidate encapsulated in Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles against EV-A71 and CV-A16. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1779-1799. [PMID: 39140594 PMCID: PMC11418279 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2372243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a trivalent DNA vaccine candidate encapsulated in Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles against hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and assess its immunogenicity in mice.Materials & methods: Trivalent plasmid carrying the VP1 and VP2 genes of EV-A71, VP1 gene of CV-A16 was encapsulated in Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles through ionic gelation. In vitro characterization and in vivo immunization studies of the CS-TPP-NPs (pIRES-VP121) were performed.Results: Mice administered with CS-TPP NPs (pIRES-VP121) intramuscularly were observed to have the highest IFN-γ response. Sera from mice immunized with the naked pDNA and CS-TPP-NPs (pIRES-VP121) demonstrated good viral clearance against wild-type EV-A71 and CV-A16 in RD cells.Conclusion: CS-TPP-NPs (pIRES-VP121) could serve as a prototype for future development of multivalent HFMD DNA vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sheng Yew
- Centre for Virus & Vaccine Research, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological science, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Centre for Virus & Vaccine Research, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Soon Hao Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kum Thong Wong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus & Vaccine Research, School of Medical & Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- ALPS Global Holding Berhad, The ICON, No.1, Off Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur, 50400, Malaysia
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9
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Long D, Mao C, Xu Y, Zhu Y. The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in ulcerative colitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425251. [PMID: 39170617 PMCID: PMC11335521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic non-recessive inflammation of the intestinal mucosa involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Currently, new targeted therapies are urgently needed for UC, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are new therapeutic options. NETs are DNA-based networks released from neutrophils into the extracellular space after stimulation, in which a variety of granule proteins, proteolytic enzymes, antibacterial peptides, histones, and other network structures are embedded. With the deepening of the studies on NETs, their regulatory role in the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases has received extensive attention in recent years. Increasing evidence indicates that excess NETs exacerbate the inflammatory response in UC, disrupting the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier and increasing the risk of thrombosis. Although NETs are usually assigned a deleterious role in promoting the pathological process of UC, they also appear to have a protective role in some models. Despite such progress, comprehensive reviews describing the therapeutic promise of NETs in UC remain limited. In this review, we discuss the latest evidence for the formation and degradation of NETs, focusing on their double-edged role in UC. Finally, the potential implications of NETs as therapeutic targets for UC will be discussed. This review aims to provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic options for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenhan Mao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Gong T, Zhang X, Liu X, Ye Y, Tian Z, Yin S, Zhang M, Tang J, Liu Y. Exosomal Tenascin-C primes macrophage pyroptosis amplifying aberrant inflammation during sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Transl Res 2024; 270:66-80. [PMID: 38604333 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication of sepsis and the predominant cause of death. Exosomes released by lung tissue cells critically influence the progression of ALI during sepsis by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms by which exosome-mediated intercellular signaling exacerbates ALI in septic infection remain undefined. Our study found increased levels of exosomal Tenascin-C (TNC) in the plasma of both patients and mice with ALI, showing a strong association with disease progression. By integrating exosomal proteomics with transcriptome sequencing and experimental validation, we elucidated that LPS induce unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), ultimately leading to the release of exosomal TNC through the activation of PERK-eIF2α and the transcription factor CHOP. In the sepsis mouse model with TNC knockout, we noted a marked reduction in macrophage pyroptosis. Our detailed investigations found that exosomal TNC binds to TLR4 on macrophages, resulting in an augmented production of ROS, subsequent mitochondrial damage, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and induction of DNA damage response. These interconnected events culminate in macrophage pyroptosis, thereby amplifying the release of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings demonstrate that exosomal Tenascin-C, released from AECs under unresolved ER stress, exacerbates acute lung injury by intensifying sepsis-associated inflammatory responses. This research provides new insights into the complex cellular interactions underlying sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuedi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Anaesthetics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No.57 People Avenue South, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinfeng Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anaesthetics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, No.57 People Avenue South, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong, China.
| | - Youtan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, No.1333, Xinhu Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Schuermans S, Kestens C, Marques PE. Systemic mechanisms of necrotic cell debris clearance. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:557. [PMID: 39090111 PMCID: PMC11294570 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Necrosis is an overarching term that describes cell death modalities caused by (extreme) adverse conditions in which cells lose structural integrity. A guaranteed consequence of necrosis is the production of necrotic cell remnants, or debris. Necrotic cell debris is a strong trigger of inflammation, and although inflammatory responses are required for tissue healing, necrotic debris may lead to uncontrolled immune responses and collateral damage. Besides local phagocytosis by recruited leukocytes, there is accumulating evidence that extracellular mechanisms are also involved in necrotic debris clearance. In this review, we focused on systemic clearance mechanisms present in the bloodstream and vasculature that often cooperate to drive the clearance of cell debris. We reviewed the contribution and cooperation of extracellular DNases, the actin-scavenger system, the fibrinolytic system and reticuloendothelial cells in performing clearance of necrotic debris. Moreover, associations of the (mis)functioning of these clearance systems with a variety of diseases were provided, illustrating the importance of the mechanisms of clearance of dead cells in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Schuermans
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caine Kestens
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Wang WC, Hou TC, Kuo CY, Lai YC. Amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31 in mature cystic teratomas of the ovary identified by array comparative genomic hybridization may explain teratoma characteristics in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:129. [PMID: 38907278 PMCID: PMC11193297 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teratomas are a common type of germ cell tumor. However, only a few reports on their genomic constitution have been published. The study of teratomas may provide a better understanding of their stepwise differentiation processes and molecular bases, which could prove useful for the development of tissue-engineering technologies. METHODS In the present study, we analyzed the copy number aberrations of nine ovarian mature cystic teratomas using array comparative genomic hybridization in an attempt to reveal their genomic aberrations. RESULTS The many chromosomal aberrations observed on array comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveal the complex genetics of this tumor. Amplifications and deletions of large DNA fragments were observed in some samples, while amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31.1, NDUFV1 on 11q13.2, and RPL10, SNORA70, DNASE1L1, TAZ, ATP6AP1, and GDI1 on Xq28 were found in all nine mature cystic teratomas. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that amplifications of these genes may play an important etiological role in teratoma formation. Moreover, amplifications of EVX2 and HOXD9-HOXD13 on 2q31.1, found on array comparative genomic hybridization, may help to explain the characteristics of teratomas in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Cheng Hou
- Department of Pathology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yun Kuo
- Department of Pathology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chein Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, R.O.C..
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Morita S, Nakamaru Y, Fukuda A, Fujiwara K, Suzuki M, Hoshino K, Honma A, Nakazono A, Homma A. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Deoxyribonuclease I Activity in Patients with Otitis Media with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:810-819. [PMID: 38583424 DOI: 10.1159/000537927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No previous studies have evaluated the levels of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) remnants or the importance of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I activity based on the disease activity of otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (OMAAV). The aim of this study was to explore the formation of NETs in the middle ear of patients with OMAAV during the onset and remission phases of the disease, with a particular focus on the relationships between the quantifiable levels of NET remnants and DNase I activity. METHODS OMAAV patients were eligible for inclusion. Patients with otitis media with effusion (OME) were examined as controls. The levels of cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), citrullinated-histone H3 (cit-H3)-DNA complex, and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DNase I activity was measured using a fluorometric method. RESULTS The quantifiable levels of cell-free DNA, cit-H3-DNA complex, and MPO-DNA complex in the middle ear lavage of patients with OMAAV at onset were significantly higher than those in patients with OMAAV at remission and in patients with OME. DNase I activity in the patients with OMAAV at onset was significantly lower than those in patients with OMAAV at remission and OME and was negatively correlated with the level of MPO-DNA complex. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NET remnants and DNase I activity may be potentially useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and disease activity of OMAAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Morita
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Hoshino
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aya Honma
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Nakazono
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology ‒ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Kiwit A, Lu Y, Lenz M, Knopf J, Mohr C, Ledermann Y, Klinke-Petrowsky M, Pagerols Raluy L, Reinshagen K, Herrmann M, Boettcher M, Elrod J. The Dual Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Sepsis and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Comparative Analysis across Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3787. [PMID: 38612596 PMCID: PMC11011604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the function of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may facilitate the development of interventions for sepsis. The study aims to investigate the formation and degradation of NETs in three murine sepsis models and to analyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NET formation. Murine sepsis was induced by midgut volvulus (720° for 15 min), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or the application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg body weight i.p.). NET formation and degradation was modulated using mice that were genetically deficient for peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4-KO) or DNase1 and 1L3 (DNase1/1L3-DKO). After 48 h, mice were killed. Plasma levels of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and neutrophil elastase (NE) were quantified to assess NET formation and degradation. Plasma deoxyribonuclease1 (DNase1) protein levels, as well as tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, were quantified. DNase1 and DNase1L3 in liver, intestine, spleen, and lung tissues were assessed. The applied sepsis models resulted in a simultaneous increase in NET formation and oxidative stress. NET formation and survival differed in the three models. In contrast to LPS and Volvulus, CLP-induced sepsis showed a decreased and increased 48 h survival in PAD4-KO and DNase1/1L3-DKO mice, when compared to WT mice, respectively. PAD4-KO mice showed decreased formation of NETs and ROS, while DNase1/1L3-DKO mice with impaired NET degradation accumulated ROS and chronicled the septic state. The findings indicate a dual role for NET formation and degradation in sepsis and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury: NETs seem to exhibit a protective capacity in certain sepsis paradigms (CLP model), whereas, collectively, they seem to contribute adversely to scenarios where sepsis is combined with ischemia-reperfusion (volvulus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kiwit
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini Strasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Moritz Lenz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini Strasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mohr
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yannick Ledermann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela Klinke-Petrowsky
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laia Pagerols Raluy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini Strasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini Strasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini Strasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Elrod
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martini Strasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Sveiven M, Serrano AK, Rosenberg J, Conrad DJ, Hall DA, O’Donoghue AJ. A GMR enzymatic assay for quantifying nuclease and peptidase activity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363186. [PMID: 38544982 PMCID: PMC10966768 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrolytic enzymes play crucial roles in cellular processes, and dysregulation of their activities is implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions. These enzymes cleave substrates such as peptide bonds, phosphodiester bonds, glycosidic bonds, and other esters. Detecting aberrant hydrolase activity is vital for understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapeutic interventions. This study introduces a novel approach to measuring hydrolase activity using giant magnetoresistive (GMR) spin valve sensors. These sensors change resistance in response to magnetic fields, and here, they are functionalized with specific substrates for hydrolases conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). When a hydrolase cleaves its substrate, the tethered magnetic nanoparticle detaches, causing a measurable shift in the sensor's resistance. This design translates hydrolase activity into a real-time, activity-dependent signal. The assay is simple, rapid, and requires no washing steps, making it ideal for point-of-care settings. Unlike fluorescent methods, it avoids issues like autofluorescence and photobleaching, broadening its applicability to diverse biofluids. Furthermore, the sensor array contains 80 individually addressable sensors, allowing for the simultaneous measurement of multiple hydrolases in a single reaction. The versatility of this method is demonstrated with substrates for nucleases, Bcu I and DNase I, and the peptidase, human neutrophil elastase. To demonstrate a clinical application, we show that neutrophil elastase in sputum from cystic fibrosis patients hydrolyze the peptide-GMR substrate, and the cleavage rate strongly correlates with a traditional fluorogenic substrate. This innovative assay addresses challenges associated with traditional enzyme measurement techniques, providing a promising tool for real-time quantification of hydrolase activities in diverse biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sveiven
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ana K. Serrano
- School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Rosenberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J. Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Drew A. Hall
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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16
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Zhang M, Yan W, Wang T, Pei S, Wang J, Ji B, Wang G. Deoxyribonuclease I Alleviates Septic Liver Injury in a Rat Model Supported by Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. ASAIO J 2024; 70:241-247. [PMID: 37923309 PMCID: PMC10885865 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000002084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an unusual systemic reaction with high mortality and secondary septic liver injury is proposed to be the major cause of mortality. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can enhance terminal organ perfusion by elevating circulatory support which is used in severe sepsis patients. However, the interaction of blood components with the biomaterials of the extracorporeal membrane elicits a systemic inflammatory response. Besides, inflammation and apoptosis are the main mediators in the pathophysiology of septic liver injury. Therefore, we investigated the protective effect of Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) against septic liver injury supported by ECMO in rats. Sepsis was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 24 hours after the administration, the rats were treated with ECMO. Then blood samples and liver tissues were collected. DNase I significantly attenuated the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and significantly decreased hepatic levels of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, myeloperoxidase (MPO), downstream inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and improved neutrophil infiltration. Additionally, DNase I significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis key protein and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL)-labeled apoptotic hepatocytes. In summary, our findings demonstrated that DNase I alleviates liver injury in ECMO-supported septic rats by reducing the inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Zhang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlong Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengqiang Pei
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyang Ji
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guyan Wang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Elkhashab M, Dilek Y, Foss M, Creemers LB, Howard KA. A Modular Albumin-Oligonucleotide Biomolecular Assembly for Delivery of Antisense Therapeutics. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:491-500. [PMID: 38214218 PMCID: PMC10848253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Antisense nucleic acid drugs are susceptible to nuclease degradation, rapid renal clearance, and short circulatory half-life. In this work, we introduce a modular-based recombinant human albumin-oligonucleotide (rHA-cODN) biomolecular assembly that allows incorporation of a chemically stabilized therapeutic gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and FcRn-driven endothelial cellular recycling. A phosphodiester ODN linker (cODN) was conjugated to recombinant human albumin (rHA) using maleimide chemistry, after which a complementary gapmer ASO, targeting ADAMTS5 involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, was annealed. The rHA-cODN/ASO biomolecular assembly production, fluorescence labeling, and purity were confirmed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ASO release was triggered by DNase-mediated degradation of the linker strand, reaching 40% in serum after 72 h, with complete release observed following 30 min of incubation with DNase. Cellular internalization and trafficking of the biomolecular assembly using confocal microscopy in C28/I2 cells showed higher uptake and endosomal localization by increasing incubation time from 4 to 24 h. FcRn-mediated cellular recycling of the assembly was demonstrated in FcRn-expressing human microvascular endothelial cells. ADAMTS5 in vitro silencing efficiency reached 40%, which was comparable to free gapmer after 72 h incubation with human osteoarthritis patients' chondrocytes. This work introduces a versatile biomolecular modular-based "Plug-and-Play" platform potentially applicable for albumin-mediated half-life extension for a range of different types of ODN therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elkhashab
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yeter Dilek
- Department
of Orthopedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus
C, Denmark
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department
of Orthopedics, University Medical Center
Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth A. Howard
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Federici S, Cinicola BL, La Torre F, Castagnoli R, Lougaris V, Giardino G, Volpi S, Caorsi R, Leonardi L, Corrente S, Soresina A, Cancrini C, Insalaco A, Gattorno M, De Benedetti F, Marseglia GL, Del Giudice MM, Cardinale F. Vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity: an overview. Front Pediatr 2024; 11:1258301. [PMID: 38357265 PMCID: PMC10866297 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1258301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are disorders of innate immunity, which are characterized by unprovoked recurrent flares of systemic inflammation often characterized by fever associated with clinical manifestations mainly involving the musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems. Several conditions also present with varied, sometimes prominent, involvement of the vascular system, with features of vasculitis characterized by variable target vessel involvement and organ damage. Here, we report a systematic review of vasculitis and vasculopathy associated with inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Federici
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Laura Cinicola
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco La Torre
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia and ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giardino
- Pediatric Section, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiency, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Annarosa Soresina
- Unit of Pediatric Immunology, Pediatrics Clinic, University of Brescia, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Immune and Infectious Diseases Division, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Insalaco
- Division of Rheumatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Cardinale
- Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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19
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Henry E, Charalambous E, Betsou F, Mathieson W. Implementing routine monitoring for nuclease contamination of equipment and consumables into the quality Management system of a laboratory. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24603. [PMID: 38298678 PMCID: PMC10828063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleases are ubiquitous in the environment, present in biospecimens and widely used in many laboratory processes. However, in the wrong context, as contaminants, they have catastrophic potential because of their ability to rapidly degrade nucleic acids whilst retaining high resilience to inactivation. Although laboratories undertake rigorous precautions to prevent nuclease contamination, such measures are not infallible. In 2015, we devised and integrated a novel routine nuclease testing regimen into our Quality Management System that uses cleavable, fluorescent DNA and RNA substrates to detect, monitor and control for nuclease contamination in our laboratory processes, equipment and consumables. The testing regimen enables us to identify higher-risk activities, design our laboratory workflows such that risk is minimized and help fulfil our obligations in respect of ISO 20387:2018 General Requirements for Biobanking and ISO 17025 Testing and Calibrations Laboratory standards, both of which stipulate that environmental conditions in our laboratory must be monitored with defined quality control criteria. In seventeen rounds of testing (30 Test Items per round), 1.1 % of RNase tests and 0.2 % of DNase tests returned elevated nuclease levels (≥2.90 x 10-9 U RNase or 1.67 x 10-3 U DNase) and we were able to take remedial action. In no instance was an elevated nuclease level consequential in terms of an impact on sample quality. We present our protocols, results and observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Henry
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | | | - Fay Betsou
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - William Mathieson
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
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20
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Fowler AA. Vitamin C: Rationale for Its Use in Sepsis-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:95. [PMID: 38247519 PMCID: PMC10812524 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening event that occurs in patients suffering from bacterial, fungal, or viral sepsis. Research performed over the last five decades showed that ARDS is a consequence of severe unrestrained systemic inflammation, which leads to injury of the lung's microvasculature and alveolar epithelium. ARDS leads to acute hypoxic/hypercapnic respiratory failure and death in a significant number of patients hospitalized in intensive care units worldwide. Basic and clinical research performed during the time since ARDS was first described has been unable to construct a pharmacological agent that will combat the inflammatory fire leading to ARDS. In-depth studies of the molecular pharmacology of vitamin C indicate that it can serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent capable of attenuating the pathobiological events that lead to acute injury of the lungs and other body organs. This analysis of vitamin C's role in the treatment of ARDS includes a focused systematic review of the literature relevant to the molecular physiology of vitamin C and to the past performance of clinical trials using the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha A Fowler
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
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21
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Liu J, Zhang S, Jing Y, Zou W. Neutrophil extracellular traps in intracerebral hemorrhage: implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2505-2520. [PMID: 37486436 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage is a common neurological disease, and its pathological mechanism is complex. As the first recruited leukocyte subtype after intracerebral hemorrhage, neutrophils play an important role in tissue damage. In the past, it was considered that neutrophils performed their functions through phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and degranulation. In recent years, studies have found that neutrophils also have the function of secreting extracellular traps. Extracellular traps are fibrous structure composed of chromatin and granular proteins, which plays an important role in innate immunity. Studies have shown a large number of neutrophil extracellular traps in hematoma samples, plasma samples, and drainage samples after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we summarized the related mechanisms of neutrophil external traps and injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neutrophil extracellular traps are involved in the process of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. The application of related inhibitors to inhibit the formation of neutrophil external traps or promote their dissolution can effectively alleviate the pathological damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunnan Jing
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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22
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Hanif W, Yadav I, Hasan E, Alsulaiman D. Programmable all-DNA hydrogels based on rolling circle and multiprimed chain amplification products. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046106. [PMID: 37901137 PMCID: PMC10613091 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft, biocompatible, and tunable materials offer biomedical engineers and material scientists programmable matrices for a variety of biomedical applications. In this regard, DNA hydrogels have emerged as highly promising biomaterials that offer programmable self-assembly, superior biocompatibility, and the presence of specific molecular identifiable structures. Many types of DNA hydrogels have been developed, yet the programmability of the DNA building blocks has not been fully exploited, and further efforts must be directed toward understanding how to finely tune their properties in a predictable manner. Herein, we develop physically crosslinked all-DNA hydrogels with tunable morphology and controllable biodegradation, based on rolling circle amplification and multiprimed chain amplification products. Through molecular engineering of the DNA sequences and their nano-/microscale architectures, the precursors self-assemble in a controlled manner to produce soft hydrogels in an efficient, cost-effective, and highly tunable manner. Notably, we develop a novel DNA microladder architecture that serves as a framework for modulating the hydrogel properties, including over an order of magnitude change in pore size and up to 50% change in biodegradation rate. Overall, we demonstrate how the properties of this DNA-based biomaterial can be tuned by modulating the amounts of rigid double-stranded DNA chains compared to flexible single-stranded DNA chains, as well as through the precursor architecture. Ultimately, this work opens new avenues for the development of programmable and biodegradable soft materials in which DNA functions not only as a store of genetic information but also as a versatile polymeric biomaterial and molecularly engineered macroscale scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wildan Hanif
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Erol Hasan
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Alsulaiman
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Simms C, Mullaliu A, de de Azambuja F, Aquilanti G, Parac-Vogt TN. Green, Safe, and Reliable Synthesis of Bimetallic MOF-808 Nanozymes With Enhanced Aqueous Stability and Reactivity for Biological Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307236. [PMID: 37974471 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising nanomaterials whose reactivity towards biomolecules remains challenging due to issues related to synthesis, stability, control over metal oxidation state, phase purity, and atomic level characterization. Here, these shortcomings are rationally addressed through development of a synthesis of mixed metal Zr/Ce-MOFs in aqueous environment, overcoming significant hurdles in the development of MOF nanozymes, sufficiently stable on biologically relevant conditions. Specifically, a green and safe synthesis of Zr/Ce-MOF-808 is reported in water/acetic acid mixture which affords remarkably water-stable materials with reliable nanozymatic reactivity, including MOFs with a high Ce content previously reported to be unstable in water. The new materials outperform analogous bimetallic MOF nanozymes, showcasing that rational synthesis modifications could impart outstanding improvements. Further, atomic-level characterization by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed superior nanozymes arise from differences in the synthetic method, which results in aqueous stable materials, and Ce incorporation, which perturbs the ligand exchange dynamics of the material, and could ultimately be used to fine tune the intrinsic MOF reactivity. Similar rational strategies which leverage metals in a synergistic manner should enable other water-stable bimetallic MOF nanozymes able to surpass existing ones, laying the path for varied biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simms
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Angelo Mullaliu
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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24
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Oda W, Umemura K, Ito K, Kawamoto Y, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Development of potent unmethylated CpG DNA hydrogel by introducing i-motifs into long single-stranded DNA. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123438. [PMID: 37741558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) DNA is recognized by Toll-like receptor 9, expressed in the endosomes of immune cells, and induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. CpG DNA is, therefore, expected to be used as vaccine adjuvants, but there are many obstacles for its therapeutic application, such as poor cellular uptake and biostability. Long single-stranded DNA (lssDNA) synthesized by rolling circle amplification can be a useful delivery carrier for CpG DNA because of its cellular uptake efficiency, but the immunostimulatory effect is transient because it is easily degraded in endosomes. To improve its stability, we constructed lssDNA which forms hydrogel by i-motifs in an acidic environment mimicking endosome, and incorporated CpG DNA into lssDNA (i-CpG-lssDNA). We synthesized lssDNA containing the optimized i-motif sequence, and confirmed the formation of a DNA hydrogel in an acidic environment. The i-CpG-lssDNA elicited a potent proinflammatory cytokine production in murine macrophages, compared to CpG DNA-containing lssDNA without i-motifs. Consistently, its intradermal administration induced potent inflammatory cytokines at the regional lymph nodes. These results suggested that i-CpG-lssDNA could serve as a novel type of adjuvant for the induction of a potent immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Oda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umemura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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25
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Li XQ, Elebring M, Dahlén A, Weidolf L. In Vivo Metabolite Profiles of an N-Acetylgalactosamine-Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotide AZD8233 Using Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Cross-Species Comparison in Animals and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1350-1361. [PMID: 37429729 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AZD8233, a liver-targeting antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), inhibits subtilisin/kexin type 9 protein synthesis. It is a phosphorothioated 3-10-3 gapmer with a central DNA sequence flanked by constrained 2'-O-ethyl 2',4'-bridged nucleic acid (cEt-BNA) wings and conjugated to a triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) ligand at the 5'-end. Herein we report the biotransformation of AZD8233, as given by liver, kidney, plasma and urine samples, after repeated subcutaneous administration to humans, mice, rats, rabbits, and monkeys. Metabolite profiles were characterized using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Metabolite formation was consistent across species, mainly comprising hydrolysis of GalNAc sugars, phosphodiester-linker hydrolysis releasing the full-length ASO, and endonuclease-mediated hydrolysis within the central DNA gap followed by exonuclease-mediated 5'- or 3'-degradation. All metabolites contained the 5'- or 3'-cEt-BNA terminus. Most shortmer metabolites had the free terminal alcohol at 5'- and 3'-positions of ribose, although six were found retaining the terminal 5'-phosphorothioate group. GalNAc conjugated shortmer metabolites were also observed in urine. Synthesized metabolite standards were applied for (semi)quantitative metabolite assessment. Intact AZD8233 was the major component in plasma, whereas the unconjugated full-length ASO was predominant in tissues. In plasma, most metabolites were shortmers retaining the 3'-cEt-BNA terminus, whereas metabolites containing the 5'- or 3'-cEt-BNA terminus were detected in both tissues and urine. All metabolites in human plasma were also detected in all nonclinical species, and all human urine metabolites were detected in monkey urine. In general, metabolite profiles in animal species were qualitatively similar and quantitatively exceeded the exposures of the circulating metabolites in humans at the doses studied. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study presents metabolite identification and profiling of AZD8233, an N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), across species. A biotransformation strategy for ASOs was established by utilizing biologic samples collected from toxicology and/or clinical studies and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis without conducting bespoke radiolabeled absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies. The generated biotransformation package was considered adequate by health authorities to progress AZD8233 into a phase 3 program, proving its applicability to future metabolism studies of ASOs in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Li
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (X.-Q.L., M.E., L.W.); and Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.D.)
| | - Marie Elebring
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (X.-Q.L., M.E., L.W.); and Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.D.)
| | - Anders Dahlén
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (X.-Q.L., M.E., L.W.); and Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.D.)
| | - Lars Weidolf
- DMPK, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (X.-Q.L., M.E., L.W.); and Oligonucleotide Discovery, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.D.)
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26
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Dong W, Liu Y, Hou J, Zhang J, Xu J, Yang K, Zhu L, Lin D. Nematodes Degrade Extracellular Antibiotic Resistance Genes by Secreting DNase II Encoded by the nuc-1 Gene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12042-12052. [PMID: 37523858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation performance and mechanism of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes (eARGs) by nematodes using batch degradation experiments, mutant strain validation, and phylogenetic tree construction. Caenorhabditis elegans, a representative nematode, effectively degraded approximately 99.999% of eARGs (tetM and kan) in 84 h and completely deactivated them within a few hours. Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) II encoded by nuc-1 in the excretory and secretory products of nematodes was the primary mechanism. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree indicated the widespread presence of homologs of the NUC-1 protein in other nematodes, such as Caenorhabditis remanei and Caenorhabditis brenneri, whose capabilities of degrading eARGs were then experimentally confirmed. C. elegans remained effective in degrading eARGs under the effects of natural organic matter (5, 10, and 20 mg/L, 5.26-6.22 log degradation), cation (2.0 mM Mg2+ and 2.5 mM Ca2+, 5.02-5.04 log degradation), temperature conditions (1, 20, and 30 °C, 1.21-5.26 log degradation), and in surface water and wastewater samples (4.78 and 3.23 log degradation, respectively). These findings highlight the pervasive but neglected role of nematodes in the natural decay of eARGs and provide novel approaches for antimicrobial resistance mitigation biotechnology by introducing nematodes to wastewater, sludge, and biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Ecological Civilization Academy, Anji 313300, China
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27
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Lee HJ, Tomasini-Johansson BR, Gupta N, Kwon GS. Fibronectin-targeted FUD and PEGylated FUD peptides for fibrotic diseases. J Control Release 2023; 360:69-81. [PMID: 37315694 PMCID: PMC10527082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein found in the blood and tissues, a key player in the assembly of ECM through interaction with cellular and extracellular components. Functional Upstream Domain (FUD), a peptide derived from an adhesin protein of bacteria, has a high binding affinity for the N-terminal 70-kDa domain of FN that plays a crucial role in FN polymerization. In this regard, FUD peptide has been characterized as a potent inhibitor of FN matrix assembly, reducing excessive ECM accumulation. Furthermore, PEGylated FUD was developed to prevent rapid elimination of FUD and enhance its systemic exposure in vivo. Herein, we summarize the development of FUD peptide as a potential anti-fibrotic agent and its application in experimental fibrotic diseases. In addition, we discuss how modification of the FUD peptide via PEGylation impacts pharmacokinetic profiles of the FUD peptide and can potentially contribute to anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bianca R Tomasini-Johansson
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMRII, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Glen S Kwon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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28
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Macáková K, Pšenková P, Šupčíková N, Vlková B, Celec P, Záhumenský J. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination on Oxidative Status of Human Placenta: A Preliminary Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1403. [PMID: 37507942 PMCID: PMC10376152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy increases the risk of pregnancy complications associated with inflammation, which could lead to oxidative stress in the placenta. Whether vaccination against COVID-19 has any effect is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy on oxidative stress in the placenta and on extracellular DNA (ecDNA) in umbilical cord plasma. Placenta samples from healthy uninfected and unvaccinated control patients who recovered from COVID-19 and women vaccinated against COVID-19 during pregnancy were collected. Biomarkers of oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity were assessed in the placenta homogenates. EcDNA and deoxyribonuclease activity were quantified in umbilical cord plasma using real-time PCR and the single radial enzyme diffusion method, respectively. Markers of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins as well as antioxidant capacity in the placenta did not differ between the study groups. No differences were observed in total, nuclear or mitochondrial ecDNA, or deoxyribonuclease activity in the umbilical cord plasma. Taking into account the limits of a small observational study, our results suggest that the infection with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination against COVID-19 do not induce any major disturbances in the balance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant activity in the placenta. This is in line with the minor effects on fetal outcomes and ecDNA as a suggested marker of fetal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Macáková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Petra Pšenková
- 2nd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bratislava and Comenius University, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nadja Šupčíková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Záhumenský
- 2nd Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bratislava and Comenius University, 82606 Bratislava, Slovakia
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郑 适, 孟 琳, 任 飞, 任 春, 李 杏, 王 丹, 孙 宏. [Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Derived Cell-Free DNA Modulates Stemness and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line by Inducing M2 Macrophage Polarization]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:510-516. [PMID: 37248576 PMCID: PMC10475408 DOI: 10.12182/20230560206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) on the polarization of macrophages and the regulatory effect of polarized macrophages on the stemness and migration of OSCC cells. Methods A total of 30 OSCC tissue samples, 10 dysplastic oral tissue samples, and 10 normal oral tissue samples were collected. The status of all tissue samples was confirmed by pathology analysis. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were performed to examine the cell count and location of M2 macrophages in different types of oral tissue samples. The conditioned medium (CM) of OSCC cell line CAL-27 from the human tongue was collected and the cfDNA was concentrated and isolated for identification. The macrophages were treated by cfDNA and their morphological characteristics were observed under microscope. The expression levels of polarization-related indicators were determined by RT-qPCR. CAL-27 cell line was treated with macrophage CM induced by cfDNA and the expression levels of stemness-related genes were determined by RT-qPCR. Scratch-wound assay was conducted to verify that the migration ability of CAL-27 was modulated by macrophages induced by cfDNA. Results There were more M2 macrophages in the deep connective tissue of dysplastic oral epithelium and the stroma of OSCC compared with those in the normal oral tissues ( P<0.05). OSCC cell line CAL-27 could secret cfDNA of 10000-15000 bp in length. cfDNA secreted by CAL-27 could induced in macrophages significantly higher expression of M2-macrophage-related genes ( P<0.05). cfDNA-treated macrophages induced significantly increased expression of stemness-related genes in CAL-27 cell line ( P<0.05) and promoted the migration ability of CAL-27 cell line ( P<0.05). Conclusion OSCC-derived cfDNA promotes stemness and migration of OSCC cell line by inducing M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- 适泽 郑
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 琳 孟
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 飞龙 任
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 春霞 任
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 杏 李
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 丹丹 王
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
| | - 宏晨 孙
- 吉林大学口腔医院 病理科 (长春 130021)Department of Pathology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- 吉林省牙发育及颌骨重塑与再生重点实验室 (长春 130021)Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development, Jaw Bone Remodeling and Regeneration, Changchun 130021, China
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30
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NETs) Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054896. [PMID: 36902325 PMCID: PMC10002918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many studies have been exploring the mechanisms driving NETs formation, much less attention has been paid to the degradation and elimination of these structures. The NETs clearance and the effective removal of extracellular DNA, enzymatic proteins (neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, myeloperoxidase) or histones are necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis, to prevent inflammation and to avoid the presentation of self-antigens. The persistence and overabundance of DNA fibers in the circulation and tissues may have dramatic consequences for a host leading to the development of various systemic and local damage. NETs are cleaved by a concerted action of extracellular and secreted deoxyribonucleases (DNases) followed by intracellular degradation by macrophages. NETs accumulation depends on the ability of DNase I and DNAse II to hydrolyze DNA. Furthermore, the macrophages actively engulf NETs and this event is facilitated by the preprocessing of NETs by DNase I. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss the current knowledge about the mechanisms of NETs degradation and its role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, autoimmune diseases, cancer and severe infections, as well as to discuss the possibilities for potential therapeutic interventions. Several anti-NETs approaches had therapeutic effects in animal models of cancer and autoimmune diseases; nevertheless, the development of new drugs for patients needs further study for an effective development of clinical compounds that are able to target NETs.
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31
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Ivanov AV, Safenkova IV, Biketov SF, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Engineering of DNA Structures Attached to Magnetic Particles for Effective Trans- and Cis-Cleavage in Cas12-Based Biosensors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054484. [PMID: 36901914 PMCID: PMC10003267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequence-specific endonuclease Cas12-based biosensors have rapidly evolved as a strong tool to detect nucleic acids. Magnetic particles (MPs) with attached DNA structures could be used as a universal platform to manipulate the DNA-cleavage activity of Cas12. Here, we propose nanostructures of trans- and cis-DNA targets immobilized on the MPs. The main advantage of the nanostructures is a rigid double-stranded DNA adaptor that distances the cleavage site from the MP surface to ensure maximum Cas12 activity. Adaptors with different lengths were compared by detecting the cleavage by fluorescence and gel electrophoresis of the released DNA fragments. The length-dependent effects for cleavage on the MPs' surface were found both for cis- and trans-targets. For trans-DNA targets with a cleavable 15-dT tail, the results showed that the optimal range of the adaptor length was 120-300 bp. For cis-targets, we varied the length and location of the adaptor (at the PAM or spacer ends) to estimate the effect of the MP's surface on the PAM-recognition process or R-loop formation. The sequential arrangement of an adaptor, PAM, and a spacer was preferred and required the minimum adaptor length of 3 bp. Thus, with cis-cleavage, the cleavage site can be located closer to the surface of the MPs than with trans-cleavage. The findings provide solutions for efficient Cas12-based biosensors using surface-attached DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V. Ivanov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Safenkova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +7-495-954-2804
| | - Sergey F. Biketov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris B. Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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32
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Sanders OD. Virus-Like Cytosolic and Cell-Free Oxidatively Damaged Nucleic Acids Likely Drive Inflammation, Synapse Degeneration, and Neuron Death in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1-19. [PMID: 36761106 PMCID: PMC9881037 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloid-β are Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmarks that cause each other and other AD hallmarks. Most amyloid-β-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial AD clinical trials failed; none stopped or reversed AD. Although signs suggest an infectious etiology, no pathogen accumulated consistently in AD patients. Neuropathology, neuronal cell culture, rodent, genome-wide association, epidemiological, biomarker, and clinical studies, plus analysis using Hill causality criteria and revised Koch's postulates, indicate that the virus-like oxidative damage-associated molecular-pattern (DAMP) cytosolic and cell-free nucleic acids accumulated in AD patients' brains likely drive neuroinflammation, synaptotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA accumulated outside mitochondria dose-dependently in preclinical AD and AD patients' hippocampal neurons, and in AD patients' neocortical neurons but not cerebellar neurons or glia. In oxidatively-stressed neural cells and rodents' brains, cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA accumulated and increased antiviral and inflammatory proteins, including cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1β, and interferon-β. Cytosolic double-stranded RNA and DNA are DAMPs that induce antiviral interferons and/or inflammatory proteins by oligomerizing with various innate-immune pattern-recognition receptors, e.g., cyclic GMP-AMP synthase and the nucleotide-binding-oligomerization-domain-like-receptor-pyrin-domain-containing-3 inflammasome. In oxidatively-stressed neural cells, cytosolic oxidatively-damaged mitochondrial DNA caused synaptotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Depleting mitochondrial DNA prevented these effects. Additionally, cell-free nucleic acids accumulated in AD patients' blood, extracellular vesicles, and senile plaques. Injecting cell-free nucleic acids bound to albumin oligomers into wild-type mice's hippocampi triggered antiviral interferon-β secretion; interferon-β injection caused synapse degeneration. Deoxyribonuclease-I treatment appeared to improve a severe-AD patient's Mini-Mental Status Exam by 15 points. Preclinical and clinical studies of deoxyribonuclease-I and a ribonuclease for AD should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Davis Sanders
- Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA,Correspondence to: Owen Davis Sanders, 210 S 16th St. Apt. 215, Omaha, NE 68102, USA. E-mails: and
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33
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Mihalovičová L, Kunšteková V, Miláček D, Janko J, Pastorek M, Konečná B, Gurecká R, Rausová Z, Uličná O, Celec P, Šebeková K. Severe gestational diabetes mellitus in lean dams is associated with low IL-1α levels and affects the growth of the juvenile mouse offspring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1700. [PMID: 36717684 PMCID: PMC9886986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated how maternal gestational diabetes (GDM) impacts the metabolic status of offspring. GDM was induced in CD1 mice consuming a fast-food diet (FFD) by repeated low-dose streptozotocin injections before mating. Offspring of normoglycemic standard chow or the FFD consuming dams served as controls. In 4-week-old offspring weaned to standard chow, plasma concentrations of extracellular DNA, inflammatory markers, and parameters of the cardiometabolic status (glycemia, liver lipid content; body, organ, and fat weight) were determined. Two-factor analysis of variance indicated that the male offspring of GDM dams manifest postnatal growth retardation and lower relative kidney weight. Regardless of sex, GDM offspring manifest the lowest IL-1α levels, and other inflammatory markers showed mild and inconsistent alterations. Offspring of dams consuming the FFD displayed higher liver triacylglycerols content. The three groups of offspring showed no significant differences in glycemia and extracellular DNA. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis indicated that male GDM offspring present lower kidney, body, and brown adipose tissue weights; lower IL-1α levels, and higher concentrations of GM-CSF and IL-10 compared with their FFD counterparts. The model failed to select discriminative variables in females. In conclusion, in mice, maternal GDM in the absence of obesity adversely affects the early growth of juvenile male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mihalovičová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kunšteková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dávid Miláček
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jakub Janko
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Pastorek
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radana Gurecká
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Rausová
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Oľga Uličná
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Šebeková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinskova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kocic G, Hadzi-Djokic J, Colic M, Veljkovic A, Tomovic K, Roumeliotis S, Smelcerovic A, Liakopoulos V. The Role of Nucleases Cleaving TLR3, TLR7/8 and TLR9 Ligands, Dicer RNase and miRNA/piRNA Proteins in Functional Adaptation to the Immune Escape and Xenophagy of Prostate Cancer Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010509. [PMID: 36613950 PMCID: PMC9820234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prototypic sensors for the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Unusually high expression of TLRs in prostate carcinoma (PC), associated with less differentiated, more aggressive and more propagating forms of PC, changed the previous paradigm about the role of TLRs strictly in immune defense system. Our data reveal an entirely novel role of nucleic acids-sensing Toll-like receptors (NA-TLRs) in functional adaptation of malignant cells for supply and digestion of surrounding metabolic substrates from dead cells as specific mechanism of cancer cells survival, by corresponding ligands accelerated degradation and purine/pyrimidine salvage pathway. The spectrophotometric measurement protocols used for the determination of the activity of RNases and DNase II have been optimized in our laboratory as well as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent method for the determination of NF-κB p65 in prostate tissue samples. The protocols used to determine Dicer RNase, AGO2, TARBP2 and PIWIL4 were based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The amount of pre-existing acid-soluble oligonucleotides was measured and expressed as coefficient of absorbance. The activities of acid DNase II and RNase T2, and the activities of nucleases cleaving TLR3, TLR7/8 and TLR9 ligands (Poly I:C, poly U and unmethylated CpG), increased several times in PC, compared to the corresponding tumor adjacent and control tissue, exerting very high sensitivity and specificity of above 90%. Consequently higher levels of hypoxanthine and NF-κB p65 were reported in PC, whereas the opposite results were observed for miRNA biogenesis enzyme (Dicer RNase), miRNA processing protein (TARB2), miRNA-induced silencing complex protein (Argonaute-AGO) and PIWI-interacting RNAs silence transposon. Considering the crucial role of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides as energy carriers, subunits of nucleic acids and nucleotide cofactors, future explorations will be aimed to design novel anti-cancer immune strategies based on a specific acid endolysosomal nuclease inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Kocic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +381-63-8122522
| | | | - Miodrag Colic
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrej Veljkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Katarina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
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35
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Macáková K, Illésová J, Mlynáriková V, Lesayová A, Konečná B, Vlková B, Celec P, Šteňová E. The dynamics of extracellular DNA associates with treatment response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21099. [PMID: 36473902 PMCID: PMC9726858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease increases extracellular DNA (ecDNA). Our previous study has shown that anti-inflammatory treatment reduces ecDNA, but it is unclear whether there is an association with treatment response. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes of ecDNA induced by biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in RA patients with an emphasis on the subcellular origin of ecDNA. Plasma samples from 40 RA patients were collected in three different time-points: before treatment with bDMARDs as well as 3 and 12 months following treatment initiation. Total, nuclear and mitochondrial ecDNA was quantified using fluorometry and real-time PCR. Disease activity score (DAS28) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used to monitor the clinical status and the response to treatment. Treatment with bDMARDs elicited an overall improvement of the clinical status: DAS28 and CRP showed a significant decrease by 54% and 43%, respectively, after 3 months of treatment. A significant decrease of total ecDNA by 60% and nuclear ecDNA by 58% was detected only in good responders after 3 months of bDMARDs treatment. No significant changes of plasma ecDNA concentration were observed in moderate and non-responders. Deoxyribonuclease activity was not affected by the treatment. None of the analyzed biomarkers differed between the groups at baseline. Plasma ecDNA especially of nuclear origin could potentially be useful to monitor the treatment response in RA. Further studies should shed light on disease-treatment interplay implicated in ecDNA origin potentially linked to neutrophil extracellular traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristína Macáková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Illésová
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | | | - Alexandra Lesayová
- Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Barbora Konečná
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Vlková
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia.
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 81108, Slovakia.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, 84215, Slovakia.
| | - Emöke Šteňová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Comenius University, Bratislava, 82101, Slovakia
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36
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Baatarjav C, Komada T, Karasawa T, Yamada N, Sampilvanjil A, Matsumura T, Takahashi M. dsDNA-induced AIM2 pyroptosis halts aberrant inflammation during rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2487-2502. [PMID: 35739254 PMCID: PMC9750976 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a severe condition that commonly leads to acute kidney injury (AKI). While double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) released from injured muscle can be involved in its pathogenesis, the exact mechanism of how dsDNA contributes to rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI (RIAKI) remains obscure. A dsDNA sensor, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), forms an inflammasome and induces gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage resulting in inflammatory cell death known as pyroptosis. In this study using a mouse model of RIAKI, we found that Aim2-deficiency led to massive macrophage accumulation resulting in delayed functional recovery and perpetuating fibrosis in the kidney. While Aim2-deficiency compromised RIAKI-induced kidney macrophage pyroptosis, it unexpectedly accelerated aberrant inflammation as demonstrated by CXCR3+CD206+ macrophage accumulation and activation of TBK1-IRF3/NF-κB. Kidney macrophages with intact AIM2 underwent swift pyroptosis without IL-1β release in response to dsDNA. On the other hand, dsDNA-induced Aim2-deficient macrophages escaped from swift pyroptotic elimination and instead engaged STING-TBK1-IRF3/NF-κB signalling, leading to aggravated inflammatory phenotypes. Collectively, these findings shed light on a hitherto unknown immunoregulatory function of macrophage pyroptosis. dsDNA-induced rapid macrophage cell death potentially serves as an anti-inflammatory program and determines the healing process of RIAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintogtokh Baatarjav
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ariunaa Sampilvanjil
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Matsumura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
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37
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Sokolović D, Lazarević M, Milić D, Stanojković Z, Mitić K, Sokolović DT. Melatonin arrests excessive inflammatory response and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-damaged rat liver: A deeper insight into its mechanism of action. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Ngo ATP, Gollomp K. Building a better
NET
: Neutrophil extracellular trap targeted therapeutics in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. P. Ngo
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kandace Gollomp
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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39
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Koepke LG, Simon F, Heuer A. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) im Gefäßsystem. GEFÄSSCHIRURGIE 2022; 27:444-448. [PMID: 36118259 PMCID: PMC9466318 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.-G. Koepke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - F. Simon
- Klinik für Gefäß- und Endovaskularchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - A. Heuer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Deutschland
- Mildred Scheel Nachwuchszentrum HaTriCS4, Universitäres Cancer Centrum Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Deutschland
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40
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Liao C, Mao F, Qian M, Wang X. Pathogen-Derived Nucleases: An Effective Weapon for Escaping Extracellular Traps. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899890. [PMID: 35865526 PMCID: PMC9294136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2004 publication of the first study describing extracellular traps (ETs) from human neutrophils, several reports have shown the presence of ETs in a variety of different animals and plants. ETs perform two important functions of immobilizing and killing invading microbes and are considered a novel part of the phagocytosis-independent, innate immune extracellular defense system. However, several pathogens can release nucleases that degrade the DNA backbone of ETs, reducing their effectiveness and resulting in increased pathogenicity. In this review, we examined the relevant literature and summarized the results on bacterial and fungal pathogens and parasites that produce nucleases to evade the ET-mediated host antimicrobial mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshui Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengshui Liao, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| | - Fuchao Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Vocational and Technical College, Luoyang, China
| | - Man Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Chengshui Liao, ; Xiaoli Wang,
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Mori G, Delfino D, Pibiri P, Rivetti C, Percudani R. Origin and significance of the human DNase repertoire. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10364. [PMID: 35725583 PMCID: PMC9208542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains four DNase1 and two DNase2 genes. The origin and functional specialization of this repertoire are not fully understood. Here we use genomics and transcriptomics data to infer the evolutionary history of DNases and investigate their biological significance. Both DNase1 and DNase2 families have expanded in vertebrates since ~ 650 million years ago before the divergence of jawless and jawed vertebrates. DNase1, DNase1L1, and DNase1L3 co-existed in jawless fish, whereas DNase1L2 originated in amniotes by tandem duplication of DNase1. Among the non-human DNases, DNase1L4 and newly identified DNase1L5 derived from early duplications that were lost in terrestrial vertebrates. The ancestral gene of the DNase2 family, DNase2b, has been conserved in synteny with the Uox gene across 700 million years of animal evolution,while DNase2 originated in jawless fish. DNase1L1 acquired a GPI-anchor for plasma membrane attachment in bony fishes, and DNase1L3 acquired a C-terminal basic peptide for the degradation of microparticle DNA in jawed vertebrates. The appearance of DNase1L2, with a distinct low pH optimum and skin localization, is among the amniote adaptations to life on land. The expansion of the DNase repertoire in vertebrates meets the diversified demand for DNA debris removal in complex multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Danila Delfino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Pibiri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Rivetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Percudani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
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Maddheshiya S, Nara S. Recent Trends in Composite Nanozymes and Their Pro-Oxidative Role in Therapeutics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:880214. [PMID: 35711631 PMCID: PMC9197165 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.880214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are inorganic nanostructures whose enzyme mimic activities are increasingly explored in disease treatment, taking inspiration from natural enzymes. The catalytic ability of nanozymes to generate reactive oxygen species can be used for designing effective antimicrobials and antitumor therapeutics. In this context, composite nanozymes are advantageous, particularly because they integrate the properties of various nanomaterials to offer a single multifunctional platform combining photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Hence, recent years have witnessed great progress in engineering composite nanozymes for enhanced pro-oxidative activity that can be utilized in therapeutics. Therefore, the present review traverses over the newer strategies to design composite nanozymes as pro-oxidative therapeutics. It provides recent trends in the use of composite nanozymes as antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antitumor agents. This review also analyzes various challenges yet to be overcome by pro-oxidative composite nanozymes before being used in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Maddheshiya
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Seema Nara
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
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Protease and DNase Activities of a Very Stable High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex from Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126677. [PMID: 35743119 PMCID: PMC9224385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Only some human organs, including the liver, are capable of very weak self-regeneration. Some marine echinoderms are very useful for studying the self-regeneration processes of organs and tissues. For example, sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix (holothurians) demonstrate complete restoration of all organs and the body within several weeks after their division into two parts. Therefore, these cucumbers are a prospective model for studying the general mechanisms of self-regeneration. However, there is no data available yet concerning biomolecules of holothurians, which can stimulate the processes of organ and whole-body regeneration. Investigation of these restoration mechanisms is very important for modern medicine and biology because it can help to understand which hormones, nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes, or complexes play an essential role in self-regeneration. It is possible that stable, polyfunctional, high-molecular-weight protein complexes play an essential role in these processes. It has recently been shown that sea cucumbers Eupentacta fraudatrix contain a very stable multiprotein complex of about 2000 kDa. The first analysis of possible enzymatic activities of a stable protein complex was carried out in this work, revealing that the complex possesses several protease and DNase activities. The complex metalloprotease is activated by several metal ions (Zn2+ > Mn2+ > Mg2+). The relative contribution of metalloproteases (~63.4%), serine-like protease (~30.5%), and thiol protease (~6.1%) to the total protease activity of the complex was estimated. Metal-independent proteases of the complex hydrolyze proteins at trypsin-specific sites (after Lys and Arg). The complex contains both metal-dependent and metal-independent DNases. Mg2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ ions were found to strongly increase the DNase activity of the complex.
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Anti-infective DNase I coatings on polydopamine functionalized titanium surfaces by alternating current electrophoretic deposition. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1218:340022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Miclot T, Hognon C, Bignon E, Terenzi A, Grandemange S, Barone G, Monari A. Never Cared for What They Do: High Structural Stability of Guanine-Quadruplexes in the Presence of Strand-Break Damage. Molecules 2022; 27:3256. [PMID: 35630732 PMCID: PMC9146567 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA integrity is an important factor that assures genome stability and, more generally, the viability of cells and organisms. In the presence of DNA damage, the normal cell cycle is perturbed when cells activate their repair processes. Although efficient, the repair system is not always able to ensure complete restoration of gene integrity. In these cases, mutations not only may occur, but the accumulation of lesions can either lead to carcinogenesis or reach a threshold that induces apoptosis and programmed cell death. Among the different types of DNA lesions, strand breaks produced by ionizing radiation are the most toxic due to the inherent difficultly of repair, which may lead to genomic instability. In this article we show, by using classical molecular simulation techniques, that compared to canonical double-helical B-DNA, guanine-quadruplex (G4) arrangements show remarkable structural stability, even in the presence of two strand breaks. Since G4-DNA is recognized for its regulatory roles in cell senescence and gene expression, including oncogenes, this stability may be related to an evolutionary cellular response aimed at minimizing the effects of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Miclot
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (T.M.); (A.T.)
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Cécilia Hognon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuelle Bignon
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (E.B.)
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (T.M.); (A.T.)
| | | | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (T.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université Paris Cité and CNRS, ITODYS, F-75006 Paris, France
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Xi J, Cui X, Liu K, Liu H, Wang J, Hu J. Region-Specific Hepatitis B Virus Genome Exposure from Nucleocapsid Modulated by Capsid Linker Sequence and Inhibitor: Implications for Uncoating. J Virol 2022; 96:e0039922. [PMID: 35389266 PMCID: PMC9044944 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00399-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) contains a partially double-stranded, relaxed circular (RC) DNA genome synthesized within a nucleocapsid (NC) in the host cell cytoplasm. The release of RC DNA from the NC, in an ill-defined process called uncoating, to the nucleus is required for its conversion to the covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA, the viral episome serving as the transcriptional template for all viral RNAs necessary for replication and, thus, essential for establishing and sustaining viral infection. In efforts to better understand uncoating, we analyzed HBV core (HBc) mutants that show various levels of nuclear CCC DNA but little to no cytoplasmic RC DNA. We found that RC DNA could be synthesized by these mutants outside the cell, but in contrast to the wild type (wt), the mutant NCs were unable to protect RC DNA from digestion by the endogenous nuclease(s) in cellular lysates or exogenous DNase. Subcellular fractionation suggested that the major RC DNA-degrading activity was membrane associated. Digestion with sequence-specific and nonspecific DNases revealed the exposure of specific regions of RC DNA from the mutant NC. Similarly, treatment of wt NCs with a core inhibitor known to increase CCC DNA by affecting uncoating also led to region-specific exposure of RC DNA. Furthermore, a subpopulation of untreated wild type (wt) mature NCs showed site-specific exposure of RC DNA as well. Competition between RC DNA degradation and its conversion to CCC DNA during NC uncoating thus likely plays an important role in the establishment and persistence of HBV infection and has implications for the development of capsid-targeted antivirals. IMPORTANCE Disassembly of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) nucleocapsid (NC) to release its genomic DNA, in an ill-understood process called uncoating, is required to form the viral nuclear episome in the host cell nucleus, a viral DNA essential for establishing and sustaining HBV infection. The elimination of the HBV nuclear episome remains the holy grail for the development of an HBV cure. We report here that the HBV genomic DNA is exposed in a region-specific manner during uncoating, which is enhanced by mutations of the capsid protein and a capsid-targeted antiviral compound. The exposure of the viral genome can result in its rapid degradation or, alternatively, can enhance the formation of the nuclear episome, thus having a major impact on HBV infection and persistence. These results are thus important for understanding fundamental mechanisms of HBV replication and persistence and for the ongoing pursuit of an HBV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Xi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiuji Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kuancheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sachdev S, Potočnik T, Rems L, Miklavčič D. Revisiting the role of pulsed electric fields in overcoming the barriers to in vivo gene electrotransfer. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:107994. [PMID: 34930678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapies are revolutionizing medicine by providing a way to cure hitherto incurable diseases. The scientific and technological advances have enabled the first gene therapies to become clinically approved. In addition, with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing record speeds in the development and distribution of gene-based vaccines. For gene therapy to take effect, the therapeutic nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) need to overcome several barriers before they can execute their function of producing a protein or silencing a defective or overexpressing gene. This includes the barriers of the interstitium, the cell membrane, the cytoplasmic barriers and (in case of DNA) the nuclear envelope. Gene electrotransfer (GET), i.e., transfection by means of pulsed electric fields, is a non-viral technique that can overcome these barriers in a safe and effective manner. GET has reached the clinical stage of investigations where it is currently being evaluated for its therapeutic benefits across a wide variety of indications. In this review, we formalize our current understanding of GET from a biophysical perspective and critically discuss the mechanisms by which electric field can aid in overcoming the barriers. We also identify the gaps in knowledge that are hindering optimization of GET in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaurya Sachdev
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Potočnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Rems
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Tržaška cesta 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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48
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Ahmad A, Mandwie M, O'Sullivan KM, Smyth C, York J, Doyle H, Holdsworth S, Pickering MC, Lachmann PJ, Alexander IE, Logan G. Conversion of the liver into a biofactory for DNaseI using adeno-associated virus vector gene transfer reduces neutrophil extracellular traps in a model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:560-571. [PMID: 35293226 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are proving to be clinically transformative tools in the treatment of monogenic genetic disease. Rapid ongoing development of this technology promises to not only increase the number of monogenic disorders amenable to this approach, but also to bring diseases with complex multigenic and non-genetic aetiologies within therapeutic reach. Here we explore the broader paradigm of converting the liver into a biofactory for systemic output of therapeutic molecules using AAV-mediated delivery of DNaseI as an exemplar. DNaseI can clear neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are nuclear-protein structures possessing anti-microbial action that are also involved in the pathophysiology of clinically troubling immune-mediated diseases. However, a translational challenge is short half-life of the enzyme in vivo (<5 hours). The current study demonstrates that AAV-mediated liver-targeted gene transfer stably induces serum DNaseI activity to >190-fold above physiological levels. In lupus-prone mice (NZBWF1) activity was maintained for longer than 6 months, the latest time point tested, and resulted in a clear functional effect with reduced renal presence of neutrophils, NETs, IgG and complement C3. However, treatment in this complex disease model did not extend life-span, improve serological endpoints or preserve renal function indicating there are elements of pathophysiology not accessible to DNaseI in the NZBWF1 model. We conclude that a translational solution to the challenge of short half-life of DNaseI is AAV-mediated gene delivery and that this may be efficacious in treating disease where NETs are a dominant pathological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ahmad
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | - Mawj Mandwie
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | | | - Christine Smyth
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145;
| | - Jarrod York
- The University of Sydney, 4334, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Helen Doyle
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, 371501, Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Stephen Holdsworth
- Monash University, 2541, Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Imperial College London, 4615, Centre of Inflammatory Disease, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Peter J Lachmann
- University of Cambridge, 2152, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Ian Edward Alexander
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research Institute, Corner Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145 Sydney;
| | - Grant Logan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Australia, 2145;
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49
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Langlois NI, Clark HA. Characterization of DNA nanostructure stability by size exclusion chromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1006-1014. [PMID: 35171148 PMCID: PMC9491180 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02146j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based nanostructures (DNs) are advantageous for the design of functional materials for biology and medicine due to the nanoscale control provided by their predictable self-assembly. However, the use of DNs in vivo has been limited due to structural instability in biofluids. As the stability of a particular DN sets the scope of its potential biological applications, efficient methods to characterize stability are required. Here, we apply size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to study the stability of a tetrahedron DNA nanostructure (TDN) and demonstrate the analytical capabilities of our method in characterizing degradation by enzymes and a diluted human serum matrix. We show that SEC analysis can reliably assay TDN degradation by a nuclease through direct injection and peak integration. Furthermore, data analysis using a ratio chromatogram technique enables TDN peak deconvolution from the matrix of serum proteins. Using our method, we found that TDNs exhibit half-lives of 23.9 hours and 10.1 hours in 20% and 50% diluted human serum, respectively, which is consistent with reported stability studies in 10% fetal bovine serum. We anticipate that this method can be broadly applicable to characterize a variety of DNs and serve as an efficient technique toward analysis of the stability of new DN designs in complex biological matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole I Langlois
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Heather A Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Carminita E, Crescence L, Panicot-Dubois L, Dubois C. Role of Neutrophils and NETs in Animal Models of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031411. [PMID: 35163333 PMCID: PMC8836215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Notably, it is not only implicated in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and pulmonary embolism (PE), but also in cancers. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in platelet thrombus formation is a major challenge for scientists today. For this purpose, new imaging technologies (such as confocal intravital microscopy, electron microscopy, holotomography, etc.) coupled with animal models of thrombosis (mouse, rat, rabbit, etc.) allow a better overview of this complex physiopathological process. Each of the cellular components is known to participate, including the subendothelial matrix, the endothelium, platelets, circulating cells, and, notably, neutrophils. Initially known as immune cells, neutrophils have been considered to be part of the landscape of thrombosis for more than a decade. They participate in this biological process through their expression of tissue factor (TF) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Moreover, highly activated neutrophils are described as being able to release their DNA and thus form chromatin networks known as “neutrophil extracellular traps” (NETs). Initially, described as “dead sacrifices for a good cause” that prevent the dissemination of bacteria in the body, NETs have also been studied in several human pathologies, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Many articles suggest that they are involved in platelet thrombus formation and the activation of the coagulation cascade. This review presents the models of thrombosis in which neutrophils and NETs are involved and describes their mechanisms of action. We have even highlighted the medical diagnostic advances related to this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Carminita
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263 (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche), INRAE 1260 (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l’Environnement), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13885 Marseille, France; (E.C.); (L.C.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille University, PIVMI (Plateforme d’Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263 (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche), INRAE 1260 (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l’Environnement), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13885 Marseille, France; (E.C.); (L.C.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille University, PIVMI (Plateforme d’Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263 (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche), INRAE 1260 (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l’Environnement), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13885 Marseille, France; (E.C.); (L.C.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille University, PIVMI (Plateforme d’Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13385 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263 (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche), INRAE 1260 (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et de l’Environnement), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13885 Marseille, France; (E.C.); (L.C.); (C.D.)
- Aix Marseille University, PIVMI (Plateforme d’Imagerie Vasculaire et de Microscopie Intravitale), C2VN (Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research), 13385 Marseille, France
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