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Bossa M, Monesterolo NE, Monge MDP, Rhein P, Chulze SN, Alaniz-Zanon MS, Chiotta ML. Fungal Laccases and Fumonisin Decontamination in Co-Products of Bioethanol from Maize. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:350. [PMID: 39195760 PMCID: PMC11359460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16080350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) may be infected by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, and consequently contaminated with fumonisins (FBs), as well as the co-products of bioethanol intended for animal feed. Laccase enzymes have a wide industrial application such as mycotoxin degradation. The aims were to isolate and identify fungal laccase-producing strains, to evaluate laccase production, to determine the enzymatic stability under fermentation conditions, and to analyse the effectiveness in vitro of enzymatic extracts (EEs) containing laccases in degrading FB1. Strains belonging to Funalia trogii, Phellinus tuberculosus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus sanguineus and Trametes gallica species showed laccase activity. Different isoforms of laccases were detected depending on the evaluated species. For the FB1 decontamination assays, four enzymatic activities (5, 10, 15 and 20 U/mL) were tested, in the absence and presence of vanillic acid (VA) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) as redox mediators (1 and 10 mM). Trametes gallica B4-IMICO-RC EE was the most effective strain in buffer, achieving a 60% of FB1 reduction. Laccases included in EEs remained stable at different alcoholic degrees in maize steep liquor (MSL), but no significant FB1 reduction was observed under the conditions evaluated using MSL. This study demonstrate that although laccases could be good candidates for the development of a strategy to reduce FB1, further studies are necessary to optimise this process in MSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Bossa
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina; (M.B.); (M.d.P.M.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Noelia Edith Monesterolo
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y de la Salud (INBIAS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina;
| | - María del Pilar Monge
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina; (M.B.); (M.d.P.M.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Paloma Rhein
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina;
| | - Sofía Noemí Chulze
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina; (M.B.); (M.d.P.M.); (S.N.C.)
| | - María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina; (M.B.); (M.d.P.M.); (S.N.C.)
| | - María Laura Chiotta
- Instituto de Investigación en Micología y Micotoxicología (IMICO), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto 5800, Argentina; (M.B.); (M.d.P.M.); (S.N.C.)
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Wang C, Zhang X, Wu K, Liu S, Li X, Zhu C, Xiao Y, Fang Z, Liu J. Two Zn 2Cys 6-type transcription factors respond to aromatic compounds and regulate the expression of laccases in the white-rot fungus Trametes hirsuta. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0054524. [PMID: 38899887 PMCID: PMC11267944 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00545-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
White-rot fungi differentially express laccases when they encounter aromatic compounds. However, the underlying mechanisms are still being explored. Here, proteomics analysis revealed that in addition to increased laccase activity, proteins involved in sphingolipid metabolism and toluene degradation as well as some cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) were differentially expressed and significantly enriched during 48 h of o-toluidine exposure, in Trametes hirsuta AH28-2. Two Zn2Cys6-type transcription factors (TFs), TH8421 and TH4300, were upregulated. Bioinformatics docking and isothermal titration calorimetry assays showed that each of them could bind directly to o-toluidine and another aromatic monomer, guaiacol. Binding to aromatic compounds promoted the formation of TH8421/TH4300 heterodimers. TH8421 and TH4300 silencing in T. hirsuta AH28-2 led to decreased transcriptional levels and activities of LacA and LacB upon o-toluidine and guaiacol exposure. EMSA and ChIP-qPCR analysis further showed that TH8421 and TH4300 bound directly with the promoter regions of lacA and lacB containing CGG or CCG motifs. Furthermore, the two TFs were involved in direct and positive regulation of the transcription of some CYP450s. Together, TH8421 and TH4300, two key regulators found in T. hirsuta AH28-2, function as heterodimers to simultaneously trigger the expression of downstream laccases and intracellular enzymes. Monomeric aromatic compounds act as ligands to promote heterodimer formation and enhance the transcriptional activities of the two TFs.IMPORTANCEWhite-rot fungi differentially express laccase isoenzymes when exposed to aromatic compounds. Clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying differential laccase expression is essential to elucidate how white-rot fungi respond to the environment. Our study shows that two Zn2Cys6-type transcription factors form heterodimers, interact with the promoters of laccase genes, and positively regulate laccase transcription in Trametes hirsuta AH28-2. Aromatic monomer addition induces faster heterodimer formation and rate of activity. These findings not only identify two new transcription factors involved in fungal laccase transcription but also deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the response to aromatics exposure in white-rot fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chaona Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Orlando C, Rizzo IC, Arrigoni F, Zampolli J, Mangiagalli M, Di Gennaro P, Lotti M, De Gioia L, Marino T, Greco C, Bertini L. Mechanism of non-phenolic substrate oxidation by the fungal laccase Type 1 copper site from Trametes versicolor: the case of benzo[ a]pyrene and anthracene. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12152-12161. [PMID: 38989958 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01377h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multicopper oxidases with the capability to oxidize diverse phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. While the molecular mechanism of their activity towards phenolic substrates is well-established, their reactivity towards non-phenolic substrates, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), remains unclear. To elucidate the oxidation mechanism of PAHs, particularly the activation mechanism of the sp2 aromatic C-H bond, we conducted a density functional theory investigation on the oxidation of two PAHs (anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene) using an extensive model of the T1 copper catalytic site of the fungal laccase from Trametes versicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Orlando
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci, cubo 14c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Isabella Cecilia Rizzo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Arrigoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jessica Zampolli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Mangiagalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Di Gennaro
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Lotti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca De Gioia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci, cubo 14c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Claudio Greco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Bertini
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy.
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Li H, Wilhelm M, Baumbach CM, Hacker MC, Szardenings M, Rischka K, Koenig A, Schulz-Kornas E, Fuchs F, Simon JC, Lethaus B, Savković V. Laccase-Treated Polystyrene Surfaces with Caffeic Acid, Dopamine, and L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Substrates Facilitate the Proliferation of Melanocytes and Embryonal Carcinoma Cells NTERA-2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5927. [PMID: 38892114 PMCID: PMC11172616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the effects of treating polystyrene (PS) cell culture plastic with oxidoreductase enzyme laccase and the catechol substrates caffeic acid (CA), L-DOPA, and dopamine on the culturing of normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTERA-2). The laccase-substrate treatment improved PS hydrophilicity and roughness, increasing NHEM and NTERA-2 adherence, proliferation, and NHEM melanogenesis to a level comparable with conventional plasma treatment. Cell adherence dynamics and proliferation were evaluated. The NHEM endpoint function was quantified by measuring melanin content. PS surfaces treated with laccase and its substrates demonstrated the forming of polymer-like structures. The surface texture roughness gradient and the peak curvature were higher on PS treated with a combination of laccase and substrates than laccase alone. The number of adherent NHEM and NTERA-2 was significantly higher than on the untreated surface. The proliferation of NHEM and NTERA-2 correspondingly increased on treated surfaces. NHEM melanin content was enhanced 6-10-fold on treated surfaces. In summary, laccase- and laccase-substrate-modified PS possess improved PS surface chemistry/hydrophilicity and altered roughness compared to untreated and plasma-treated surfaces, facilitating cellular adherence, subsequent proliferation, and exertion of the melanotic phenotype. The presented technology is easy to apply and creates a promising custom-made, substrate-based, cell-type-specific platform for both 2D and 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanluo Li
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Martin Wilhelm
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Christina Marie Baumbach
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle, Germany;
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Institute of Pharmaceutic Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Math.-Nat. Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Institute for Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Eilenburger Straße 15 A, 04317 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Szardenings
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Polyclinic for Dental Prosthetics and Material Sciences, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Ellen Schulz-Kornas
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Polyclinic for Dental Prosthetics and Material Sciences, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.)
| | - Jan Christoph Simon
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Vuk Savković
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Vandelook S, Bassleer B, Elsacker E, Peeters E. Effects of Orange Peel Extract on Laccase Activity and Gene Expression in Trametes versicolor. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:370. [PMID: 38921357 PMCID: PMC11205045 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The genome of Trametes versicolor encodes multiple laccase isozymes, the expression of which is responsive to various conditions. Here, we set out to investigate the potential of orange peel extract as an inducer of laccase production in this white-rot fungus, in comparison to the previously identified inducing chemical compound, veratryl alcohol. For four geographically distinct T. versicolor strains, a positive correlation has been observed between their oxidative activity and incubation time in liquid cultures. The addition of 20% orange peel extract or 5 mM veratryl alcohol caused a rapid increase in the oxidative potential of T. versicolor M99 after 24 h, with a more pronounced effect observed for the orange peel extract. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of the induced laccase activity, a transcriptional gene expression analysis was performed for the seven individual laccase genes in T. versicolor, revealing the upregulation of several laccase genes in response to the addition of each inducer. Notably, the gene encoding TvLac5 demonstrated a substantial upregulation in response to the addition of 20% orange peel extract, likely contributing to the observed increase in its oxidative potential. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that orange peels are a promising agro-industrial side stream for implementation as inducing agents in large-scale laccase production with T. versicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eveline Peeters
- Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; (S.V.); (E.E.)
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Baratto MC, Pogni R. Special Issue on Biotechnological Applications of Oxidoreductases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1758. [PMID: 38339033 PMCID: PMC10855645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue was launched in conjunction with the 10th edition of the OxiZymes meeting in Siena (Italy) in 2022 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
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