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Wang Y, Deng B. Hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanism, targeted therapy, and biomarkers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:629-652. [PMID: 36729264 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The biological process of HCC is complex, with multiple factors leading to the broken of the balance of inactivation and activation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, the abnormal activation of molecular signaling pathways, the differentiation of HCC cells, and the regulation of angiogenesis. Due to the insidious onset of HCC, at the time of first diagnosis, less than 30% of HCC patients are candidates for radical treatment. Systematic antitumor therapy is the hope for the treatment of patients with middle-advanced HCC. Despite the emergence of new systemic therapies, survival rates for advanced HCC patients remain low. The complex pathogenesis of HCC has inspired researchers to explore a variety of biomolecular targeted therapeutics targeting specific targets. Correct understanding of the molecular mechanism of HCC occurrence is key to seeking effective targeted therapy. Research on biomarkers for HCC treatment is also advancing. Here, we explore the molecular mechanism that are associated with HCC development, summarize targeted therapies for HCC, and discuss potential biomarkers that may drive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baocheng Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Lin NC, Shih YH, Chiu KC, Li PJ, Yang HW, Lan WC, Hsia SM, Wang TH, Shieh TM. Association of rs9679162 Genetic Polymorphism and Aberrant Expression of Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 14 (GALNT14) in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174217. [PMID: 36077753 PMCID: PMC9454803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed before surgery. Because the tumor itself and the surrounding vascular bed were not damaged, the chemotherapy we performed could have good drug delivery. After the operation, the volume of the tumor can be reduced to facilitate surgery or radiotherapy. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy also delays the patient’s time to receive main therapy. The physician must make sure that it has a good response and does not allow disease progression in the patient during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, predicting the treatment response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can shorten the treatment time, reduce the harm of chemotherapy side effects, and avoid the occurrence of drug resistance. The results of this study showed that GALNT14-rs9679162 and mRNA expression were associated with post-treatment survival in head and neck cancer. It can be used as an indicator to predict the treatment response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Abstract The polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 14 (GALNT14) rs9679162 and mRNA expression were associated with treatment outcome in various cancers. However, the relation of GALNT14 and head and neck cancer were nuclear. A total of 199 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) were collected in this study, including oral SCC (OSCC), oropharyngeal SCC (OPSCC), laryngeal SCC (LSCC), and others. The DNA and RNA of cancer tissues were extracted using the TRI Reagent method. The rs9679162 was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing methods in 199 DNA specimens, and the mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) methods in 68 paired RNA specimens of non-cancerous matched tissues (NCMT) and tumor tissues. The results showed that the genotype of TT, TG, and GG appeared at 30%, 44%, and 26%, respectively. Non-TT genotype or G alleotype were associated with alcohol, betel nut, and cigarette using among patients with OSCC, and it also affected the treatment and survival of patients with OSCC and LSCC. High GALNT14 mRNA expression levels increased lymphatic metastasis of patients with HNSCC, and treatment and survival in patients with OPSCC. Overall, the GALNT14-rs9679162 genotype and mRNA expression level can be used as indicators of HNSCC treatment prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Chin Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500009, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hwa Shih
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chou Chiu
- Division of Oral Diagnosis and Family Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Li
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wu Yang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Lan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2316) (T.-M.S.)
| | - Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ming Shieh
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (T.-M.S.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2316) (T.-M.S.)
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