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De Luca R, Lauria P, Bonanno M, Corallo F, Rifici C, Castorina MV, Trifirò S, Gangemi A, Lombardo C, Quartarone A, De Cola MC, Calabrò RS. Neurophysiological and Psychometric Outcomes in Minimal Consciousness State after Advanced Audio-Video Emotional Stimulation: A Retrospective Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1619. [PMID: 38137067 PMCID: PMC10741433 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, technological innovations have led to the development of new, advanced sensory stimulation (SS) tools, such as PC-based rehabilitative programs or virtual reality training. These are meant to stimulate residual cognitive abilities and, at the same time, assess cognition and awareness, also in patients with a minimally conscious state (MCS). Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical and neurophysiological effects of multi-sensory and emotional stimulation provided by Neurowave in patients with MCS, as compared to a conventional SS treatment. The psychological status of their caregivers was also monitored. In this retrospective study, we have included forty-two MCS patients and their caregivers. Each MCS subject was included in either the control group (CG), receiving a conventional SS, or the experimental group (EG), who was submitted to the experimental training with the Neurowave. They were assessed before (T0) and after the training (T1) through a specific clinical battery, including both motor and cognitive outcomes. Moreover, in the EG, we also monitored the brain electrophysiological activity (EEG and P300). In both study groups (EG and CG), the psychological caregiver's aspects, including anxiety levels, were measured using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The intra-group analysis (T0-T1) of the EG showed statistical significances in all patients' outcome measures, while in the CG, we found statistical significances in consciousness and awareness outcomes. The inter-group analysis between the EG and the CG showed no statistical differences, except for global communication skills. In conclusion, the multi-sensory stimulation approach through Neurowave was found to be an innovative rehabilitation treatment, also allowing the registration of brain activity during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirjam Bonanno
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy; (R.D.L.); (P.L.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (M.V.C.); (S.T.); (A.G.); (C.L.); (A.Q.); (M.C.D.C.); (R.S.C.)
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Leboutte F, Engesser C, Zahiti L, Rentsch CA, Seifert H, Anding R, Hund-Georgiadis M, Möhr S, Walter M. Prevalence of Unfavorable Video-Urodynamic Findings and Clinical Implications in Patients with Minimally Conscious State/Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2432. [PMID: 37760873 PMCID: PMC10525630 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective exploratory study was to investigate the prevalence of unfavorable findings during video-urodynamic studies (VUDS) in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS)/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and whether management of the lower urinary tract (LUT) was adjusted accordingly. A retrospective chart review was conducted to screen for patients diagnosed with MCS/UWS at our rehabilitation center between 2011 and 2020. Patients 18 years or older were included and underwent baseline VUDS after being diagnosed with MCS/UWS. We analyzed urodynamic parameters and subsequent changes in LUT management in this cohort. In total, 32 patients (7 females, 25 males, median age 37 years) with MCS/UWS were included for analysis. While at least one unfavorable VUDS finding (i.e., neurogenic detrusor overactivity [NDO], detrusor sphincter dyssynergia {DSD, high maximum detrusor pressure during storage phase [>40 cmH2O], low-compliance bladder [<20 mL/cmH2O], and vesico-uretero-renal reflux [VUR]) was found in each patient, NDO (78.1%, 25/32) and DSD (68.8%, 22/32) were the two most frequent unfavorable VUDS findings. Following baseline VUDS, new LUT treatment options were established in 56.3% (18/32) of all patients. In addition, bladder-emptying methods were changed in 46.9% (15/32) of all patients, resulting in fewer patients relying on indwelling catheters. Our retrospective exploratory study revealed a high prevalence of NDO and DSD in patients with MCS/UWS, illustrating the importance of VUDS to adapt LUT management in this cohort accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Leboutte
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Christian Engesser
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Leutrim Zahiti
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Cyrill A. Rentsch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Helge Seifert
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
| | - Ralf Anding
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
| | | | - Sandra Möhr
- Neuro-Urology, REHAB Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Walter
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; (F.L.); (C.E.); (L.Z.); (C.A.R.); (H.S.)
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Naro A, Pignolo L, Lucca LF, Calabrò RS. An action-observation/motor-imagery based approach to differentiate disorders of consciousness: what is beneath the tip of the iceberg? Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:181-197. [PMID: 33998559 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evaluation of motor imagery in persons with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDOC) is a practical approach to differentiate between patients with Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and to identify residual awareness even in individuals with UWS. Investigating the influence of motor observation on motor imagery could be helpful in this regard. OBJECTIVE In order to corroborate the clinical diagnosis and identify misdiagnosed individuals, we used EEG recordings, to assess the influence of the low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms on motor observation on motor imagery, taking into account the role of the high-level cognitive mechanisms in patients with pDOC. METHODS We assessed the influence of motor observation of walking in first-person or third-person view (by a video provision) on motor imagery of walking in the first-person view on the visual N190 (expression of motor observation processing), the readiness potential (RP) (expressing motor preparation), and the P3 component (high-level cognitive processes) in a sample of 10 persons with MCS, 10 with UWS, and 10 healthy controls (CG). Specifically, the video showed a first-view or third-view walk down the street while the participants were asked to imagine a first-view walking down the street. RESULTS CG showed greater N190 response (low-level sensorimotor processing) in the non-matching than in the matching condition. Conversely, the P3 and RP responses (high-level sensorimotor processing) were greater in the matching than in the non-matching condition. Remarkably, 6 out of 10 patients with MCS showed the preservation of both high- and low-level sensorimotor processing. One UWS patient showed responses similar to those six patients, suggesting a preservation of cognitively-mediated sensorimotor processing despite a detrimental motor preparation process. The remaining patients with MCS did not show diversified EEG responses, suggesting limited cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that identifying the low-level visual and high-level motor preparation processes in response to a simple influence of motor observation of motor imagery tasks potentially supports the clinical differential diagnosis of with MCS and UWS. This might help identify UWS patients which were misdiagnosed and who deserve more sophisticated diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, Messina, Italy
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Li M, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Jing R, Dang Y, Chen X, He J, Si J. Detecting Residual Awareness in Patients With Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness: An fNIRS Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:618055. [PMID: 34393964 PMCID: PMC8355369 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.618055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have provided insights into detecting residual consciousness and assessing cognitive abilities in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is non-invasive and portable and can be used for longitudinal bedside monitoring, making it uniquely suited for evaluating brain function in patients with DOC at appropriate spatiotemporal resolutions. In this pilot study, an active command-driven motor imagery (MI) paradigm based on fNIRS was used to detect residual consciousness in patients with prolonged DOC. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to classify yes-or-no responses. The results showed that relatively reliable responses were detected from three out of five patients in a minimally consciousness state (MCS). One of the patients answered all the questions accurately when assessed according to this method. This study confirmed the feasibility of using portable fNIRS technology to detect residual cognitive ability in patients with prolonged DOC by active command-driven motor imagery. We hope to detect the exact level of consciousness in DOC patients who may have a higher level of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Gao
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Rixing Jing
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianghong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanning Si
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
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Arnskötter W, Marcar VL, Wolf M, Hund-Georgiadis M, Hediger K. Animal presence modulates frontal brain activity of patients in a minimally conscious state: A pilot study. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2021; 32:1324-1336. [PMID: 33602057 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.1886119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrating animals into therapy is applied increasingly in patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS). This pilot study investigates the effect of animal presence on frontal brain activity in MCS patients compared to healthy subjects. O2HB, HHb and tHb of two MCS patients and two healthy adults was measured in frontal cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy during three sessions with a live animal and three sessions with a mechanical toy animal present. Each session had five phases: (1) baseline, (2) watching animal, (3) passive contact, (4) active contact, (5) neutral. Data were descriptively analysed. All participants showed the largest hemodynamic response during direct contact with the live or toy animal compared to "baseline" and "watching." During active contact, three of the four participants showed a stronger response when stroking the live compared to the toy animal. All participants showed an inverted signal with higher HHb than O2Hb concentrations while stroking the live or toy animal. Animal contact leads to a neurovascular reaction in both MCS patients and healthy subjects, indicating elevated neural activity in the frontal cortex. We conclude that while a toy animal can elicit attention processes, active contact to a living animal is combined with emotional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentine L Marcar
- Clinic for Neurorehabilitation and Paraplegiology, REHAB Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karin Hediger
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Clinic for Neurorehabilitation and Paraplegiology, REHAB Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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