1
|
Sadrabadi EA, Khosravi F, Benvidi A, Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Khashayar P, Khashayar P, Azimzadeh M. Alprazolam Detection Using an Electrochemical Nanobiosensor Based on AuNUs/Fe-Ni@rGO Nanocomposite. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:945. [PMID: 36354454 PMCID: PMC9687846 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite all the psychological advantages of alprazolam, its long list of toxic properties and interactions has caused concern and highlighted the need for a reliable sensing method. In this study, we developed a simple, highly sensitive electrochemical nanobiosensor to determine the desirable dose of alprazolam, averting the undesirable consequences of overdose. Gold nanourchins (AuNUs) and iron-nickel reduced graphene oxide (Fe-Ni@rGO) were immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode, which was treated beforehand. The electrode surface was characterized using cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The fabricated sensor showed two linear ranges (4 to 500 µg L-1 and 1 to 50 mg L-1), low limit of detection (1 µg L-1), high sensitivity, good repeatability, and good recovery. Increased -OH and carboxyl (-COOH) groups on the electrode surface, resulting in improved the adsorption of alprazolam and thus lower limit of detection. This nanobiosensor could detect alprazolam powder dissolved in diluted blood serum; we also studied other benzodiazepine drugs (clonazepam, oxazepam, and diazepam) with this nanobiosensor, and results were sensible, with a significant difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915173143, Iran
| | - Ali Benvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran
| | - Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Pouria Khashayar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 8QP, UK
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystem Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915173143, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916877391, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916877391, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Toto E, Laurenzi S, Santonicola MG. Recent Trends in Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensing Devices: Synthesis and Applications in Environmental and Human Health Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1030. [PMID: 35267853 PMCID: PMC8914833 DOI: 10.3390/polym14051030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites are largely explored for the development of sensing devices due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of graphene. These properties, in addition to its large specific surface area, make graphene attractive for a wide range of chemical functionalization and immobilization of (bio)molecules. Several techniques based on both top-down and bottom-up approaches are available for the fabrication of graphene fillers in pristine and functionalized forms. These fillers can be further modified to enhance their integration with polymeric matrices and substrates and to tailor the sensing efficiency of the overall nanocomposite material. In this review article, we summarize recent trends in the design and fabrication of graphene/polymer nanocomposites (GPNs) with sensing properties that can be successfully applied in environmental and human health monitoring. Functional GPNs with sensing ability towards gas molecules, humidity, and ultraviolet radiation can be generated using graphene nanosheets decorated with metallic or metal oxide nanoparticles. These nanocomposites were shown to be effective in the detection of ammonia, benzene/toluene gases, and water vapor in the environment. In addition, biological analytes with broad implications for human health, such as nucleic bases or viral genes, can also be detected using sensitive, graphene-based polymer nanocomposites. Here, the role of the biomolecules that are immobilized on the graphene nanomaterial as target for sensing is reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Toto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Susanna Laurenzi
- Department of Astronautical Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Salaria 851-881, 00138 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Santonicola
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Costa MCF, Marangoni VS, Ng PR, Nguyen HTL, Carvalho A, Castro Neto AH. Accelerated Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Graphene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:551. [PMID: 33671695 PMCID: PMC7926456 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxygenated functionalized form of graphene that has received considerable attention because of its unique physical and chemical properties that are suitable for a large number of industrial applications. Herein, GO is rapidly obtained directly from the oxidation of graphene using an environmentally friendly modified Hummers method. As the starting material consists of graphene flakes, intercalant agents are not needed and the oxidation reaction is enhanced, leading to orders of magnitude reduction in the reaction time compared to the conventional methods of graphite oxidation. With a superior surface area, the graphene flakes are quickly and more homogeneously oxidized since the flakes are exposed at the same extension to the chemical agents, excluding the necessity of sonication to separate the stacked layers of graphite. This strategy shows an alternative approach to quickly producing GO with different degrees of oxidation that can be potentially used in distinct areas ranging from biomedical to energy storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. F. Costa
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; (M.C.F.C.); (V.S.M.); (P.R.N.); (H.T.L.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Valeria S. Marangoni
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; (M.C.F.C.); (V.S.M.); (P.R.N.); (H.T.L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Pei Rou Ng
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; (M.C.F.C.); (V.S.M.); (P.R.N.); (H.T.L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Hang T. L. Nguyen
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; (M.C.F.C.); (V.S.M.); (P.R.N.); (H.T.L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; (M.C.F.C.); (V.S.M.); (P.R.N.); (H.T.L.N.); (A.C.)
| | - A. H. Castro Neto
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore; (M.C.F.C.); (V.S.M.); (P.R.N.); (H.T.L.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dacrory S. Antimicrobial Activity, DFT Calculations, and Molecular Docking of Dialdehyde Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Film Against Covid-19. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:2248-2260. [PMID: 33488314 PMCID: PMC7811868 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-02039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of the oxidation process of cellulose has occurred to decrease the reaction time. Dialdehyd cellulose (DAC) has synthesized via periodate oxidation under microwave irradiation and Graphen oxide (GO) was synthesized by modified Hummer method. A new composite of DAC/GO has prepared from GO and DAC. The structure and morphology of DAC, GO and DAC/GO composite were evaluated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties of DAC and DAC/GO were investigated. Additionally, the computational calculations of cellulose, DAC and GO by DFT/B3LYP/6-31G (d) basis sets were investigated. DAC/GO composite demonstrated specific antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The molecular docking of DAC shows binding energy interaction (- 4.1, - 4.0, and - 4.0) Kcal/mol against microbial protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Gram-negative bacteria PDB (2W7Q), and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive bacteria PDB (1BQB) as well as Covid-19 PDB (7BZ5) respectively. DAC shows drug-like behavior when it is compared with binding energy interaction of Hydroxychloroquine against Covid-19, as a standard drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Dacrory
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Permalloy nanowires/graphene oxide composite with enhanced conductive properties. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13742. [PMID: 32792576 PMCID: PMC7426915 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon–metal-based composites arise as advanced materials in the frontiers with nanotechnology, since the properties inherent to each component are multiplexed into a new material with potential applications. In this work, a novel composite consisting of randomly oriented permalloy nanowires (Py NWs) intercalated among the sheets of multi-layered graphene oxide (GO) was performed. Py NWs were synthesized by electrodeposition inside mesoporous alumina templates, while GO sheets were separated by means of sonication. Sequential deposition steps of Py NWs and GO flakes allowed to reach a reproducible and stable graphene oxide-based magnetic assembly. Microscopic and spectroscopic results indicate that Py NWs are anchored on the surface as well as around the edges of the multi-layered GO, promoted by the presence of chemical groups, while magnetic characterization affords additional support to our hypothesis regarding the parallel orientation of the Py NWs with respect to the GO film, and also hints the parallel stacking of GO sheets with respect to the substrate. The most striking result remains on the electrochemical performance achieved by the composite that evidences an enhanced conductive behaviour compared to a standard electrode. Such effect provides an approach to the development of permalloy nanowires/graphene oxide-based electrodes as attractive candidates for molecular sensing devices.
Collapse
|
6
|
Balasubramani V, Sureshkumar S, Rao TS, Sridhar TM. Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Reduced Graphene Oxide-Incorporated ZnO Composite Sensor for H 2S Investigations. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9976-9982. [PMID: 31460090 PMCID: PMC6648247 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been applied to measure the H2S gas response of the sensor fabricated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-incorporated nano-zinc oxide (n-ZnO) composites. These nanocomposites were prepared by a facile one-step solution route at room temperature. The structural, surface morphological, and elemental analyses of the composite material have been investigated. EIS was carried out to study the H2S gas-sensing properties of fabricated sensors. The developed sensor showed an optimal H2S gas response to various concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 ppm at 90 °C. The H2S gas-sensing performances of pure n-ZnO and various concentrations of rGO-incorporated n-ZnO were evaluated. The H2S gas-sensing results showed that n-ZnO/rGO composites exhibited high response when compared to pure n-ZnO. The enhanced H2S response was speculated to be ascribed due to two factors. First, rGO creates reactive sites for H2S molecule adsorption. Second, rGO has great electrical conductivity compared to n-ZnO that enables the active transport of electrons from H2S gas on interaction with the sensing layer, resulting in enhanced gas response at 90 °C temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Balasubramani
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| | - S. Sureshkumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai 602105, India
| | - T. Subba Rao
- Water
and Steam Chemistry Division, BARCF, Kalpakkam 603 102, India
| | - T. M. Sridhar
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee E, Lee D, Yoon J, Yin Y, Lee YN, Uprety S, Yoon YS, Kim DJ. Enhanced Gas-Sensing Performance of GO/TiO₂ Composite by Photocatalysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3334. [PMID: 30301181 PMCID: PMC6210210 DOI: 10.3390/s18103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the gas-sensing properties of graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (GO/TiO₂) composite combined with photocatalytic effect. Room temperature gas-sensing properties of the GO/TiO₂ composite were investigated towards various reducing gases. The composite sensor showed an enhanced gas response and a faster recovery time than a pure GO sensor due to the synergistic effect of the hybridization, such as creation of a hetero-junction at the interface and modulation of charge carrier density. However, the issue of long-term stability at room temperature still remains unsolved even after construction of a composite structure. To address this issue, the surface and hetero-junction of the GO/TiO₂ composite were engineered via a UV process. A photocatalytic effect of TiO₂ induced the reduction of the GO phase in the composite solution. The comparison of gas-sensing properties before and after the UV process clearly showed the transition from n-type to p-type gas-sensing behavior toward reducing gases. This transition revealed that the dominant sensing material is GO, and TiO₂ enhanced the gas reaction by providing more reactive sites. With a UV-treated composite sensor, the function of identifying target gas was maintained over a one-month period, showing strong resistance to humidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Lee
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Doohee Lee
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jaesik Yoon
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Yilin Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - You Na Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Sunil Uprety
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Individual Gas Molecules Detection Using Zinc Oxide–Graphene Hybrid Nanosensor: A DFT Study. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/c4030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification is a reliable method to enhance the sensing properties of pristine graphene by increasing active sites on its surface. Herein, we investigate the interactions of the gas molecules such as NH3, NO, NO2, H2O, and H2S with a zinc oxide (ZnO)–graphene hybrid nanostructure. Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), the effects of gas adsorption on the electronic and transport properties of the sensor are examined. The computations show that the sensitivity of the pristine graphene to the above gas molecules is considerably improved after hybridization with zinc oxide. The sensor shows low sensitivity to the NH3 and H2O because of the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the gas molecules and the sensor. Owing to observable alterations in the conductance, large charge transfer, and high adsorption energy; the sensor possesses extraordinary potential for NO and NO2 detection. Interestingly, the H2S gas is totally dissociated through the adsorption process, and a large number of electrons are transferred from the molecule to the sensor, resulting in a substantial change in the conductance of the sensor. As a result, the ZnO–graphene nanosensor might be an auspicious catalyst for H2S dissociation. Our findings open new doors for environment and energy research applications at the nanoscale.
Collapse
|
9
|
Coleman BR, Knight T, Gies V, Jakubek ZJ, Zou S. Manipulation and Quantification of Graphene Oxide Flake Size: Photoluminescence and Cytotoxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28911-28921. [PMID: 28776377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-layered graphene oxide (GO) has exhibited great promise in the areas of sensing, membrane filtration, supercapacitors, bioimaging, and therapeutic carriers because of its biocompatibility, large surface area, and electrochemical, photoluminescent, and optical properties. To elucidate how the physical dimensions of GO affect its intrinsic properties, we employed sonication to produce more than 130 different sizes of GO in aqueous dispersion and implemented new approaches to characterize various GO properties as a function of the average flake size. New protocols were developed to determine and compare the flake size of GO dispersions sonicated with energies up to 20 MJ/g by using dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The relationship between the average flake size and sonication energy per unit mass of GO was observed to follow a power law. AFM height measurements showed that the sonication of GO yielded monolayered flakes. Photoluminescence of GO was characterized as a function of the sonication energy (or the average flake size which is the monotonic function of the sonication energy), excitation wavelength, and pH of the dispersion. The strong dependence of the photoluminescence intensity on pH control and the variation of the photoluminescence intensity with different flake sizes were observed. An intense photoluminescence signal, likely related to the separation of the oxidative debris from the GO framework, was found at the highest sonication energies (E ≳ 15 MJ/g) or under extremely alkaline conditions (pH ≳ 11). The cytotoxicity of GO was studied with various flake sizes. Size- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity was observed for cell lines NIH 3T3 and A549. The NIH 3T3 cell line also demonstrated time-dependent cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Coleman
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Timothy Knight
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Valerie Gies
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zygmunt J Jakubek
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Measurement Science and Standards, National Research Council Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ratajczak K, Stobiecka M. Ternary Interactions and Energy Transfer between Fluorescein Isothiocyanate, Adenosine Triphosphate, and Graphene Oxide Nanocarriers. J Phys Chem B 2017. [PMID: 28650635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of fluorescent probes and biomolecules with nanocarriers are of key importance to the emerging targeted drug delivery systems. Graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) as the nanocarriers offer biocompatibility and robust drug binding capacity. The interactions of GONs with fluorophores lead to strong fluorescence quenching, which may interfere with fluorescence bioimaging and biodetection. Herein, we report on the interactions and energy transfers in a model ternary system: GONs-FITC-ATP, where FITC is a model fluorophore (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and ATP is a common biomolecule (adenosine-5'-triphosphate). We have found that FITC fluorescence is considerably quenched by ATP (the quenching constant KSV = 113 ± 22 M-1). The temperature coefficient of KSV is positive (αT = 4.15 M-1deg-1). The detailed analysis of a model for internal self-quenching of FITC indicates that the temperature dependence of the net quenching efficiency η for the FITC-ATP pair is dominated by FITC internal self-quenching modes with their contribution estimated at 79%. The quenching of FITC by GONs is much stronger (KSV = 598 ± 29 M-1) than that of FITC-ATP and is associated with the formation of supramolecular assemblies bound with hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions. For the analysis of the complex behavior of the ternary system GONs-FITC-ATP, a model of chemisorption of ATP on GONs, with partial blocking of FITC quenching, has been developed. Our results indicate that ATP acts as a moderator for FITC quenching by GONs. The interactions between ATP, FITC, and GONs have been corroborated using molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Biophysics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW) , 159 Nowoursynowska Street, 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|