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Yang Z, Li X, Zhou L, Luo Y, Zhan N, Ye Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Qiu T, Lin L, Peng L, Hu Y, Pan C, Sun M, Zhang Y. Ferroptosis-related lncRNAs: Distinguishing heterogeneity of the tumour microenvironment and predicting immunotherapy response in bladder cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32018. [PMID: 38867969 PMCID: PMC11168393 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a cell death pathway dependent on iron, has been shown in research to play a role in the development, advancement, and outlook of tumours through ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLRs). However, the value of the FRLRs in bladder cancer (BLCA) has not been thoroughly investigated. This research project involved developing a predictive model using ten specific FRLRs (AC099850.4, AL731567.1, AL133415.1, AC021321.1, SPAG5-AS1, HMGA2-AS1, RBMS3-AS3, AC006160.1, AL583785.1, and AL662844.4) through univariate COX and LASSO regression techniques. The validation of this signature as a standalone predictor was confirmed in a group of 65 patients from the urology bladder tumour database at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Wenzhou, China. Patients were categorized based on their median risk score into either a low-risk group or a high-risk group. Enrichment analysis identified possible molecular mechanisms that could explain the variations in clinical outcomes observed in high-risk and low-risk groups. Moreover, we explored the correlation between FLPS and immunotherapy-related indicators. The ability of FLPS to forecast the effectiveness of immunotherapy was validated by the elevated levels of immune checkpoint genes (PD-L1, CTLA4, and PD-1) in the group at high risk. We also screened the crucial FRLR (HMGA2-AS1) through congruent expression and prognostic conditions and established a ceRNA network, indicating that HMGA2-AS1 may affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition by modulating the Wnt signalling pathway through the ceRNA mechanism. We identified the top five mRNAs (NFIB, NEGR1, JAZF1, JCAD, and ESM1) based on random forest algorithm and analysed the relationship between HMGA2-AS1, the top five mRNAs, and immunotherapy, and their interactions with drug sensitivities. Our results suggest that patients with BLCA have a greater sensitivity to four drugs (dasatinib, pazopanib, erismodegib and olaparib). Our study provides new insights into the TME, key signalling pathways, genome, and potential therapeutic targets of BLCA, with future guidance for immunotherapy and targeted precision drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yaxian Luo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ning Zhan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yifan Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lining Lin
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lianjie Peng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chaoran Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Mouyuan Sun
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Li K, Nie H, Jin R, Wu X. Mesenchymal stem cells-macrophages crosstalk and myeloid malignancy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397005. [PMID: 38779660 PMCID: PMC11109455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As major components of the tumor microenvironment, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages can be remodelled and exhibit different phenotypes and functions during tumor initiation and progression. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of hematological malignancies, and are associated with poor prognosis. Consequently, TAMs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Notably, MSCs exert a profound influence on modulating immune cell functions such as macrophages and granulocytes, thereby playing a crucial role in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment surrounding tumors. However, in hematological malignancies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and macrophages have not been clearly elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of TAMs in various common hematological malignancies, and discuss the latest advances in understanding the interaction between MSCs and macrophages in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic approaches targeting this relationship are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Nie
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Mestiri S, El-Ella DMA, Fernandes Q, Bedhiafi T, Almoghrabi S, Akbar S, Inchakalody V, Assami L, Anwar S, Uddin S, Gul ARZ, Al-Muftah M, Merhi M, Raza A, Dermime S. The dynamic role of immune checkpoint molecules in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of head and neck cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116095. [PMID: 38183744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer type, accounting for approximately 277,597 deaths worldwide. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) agents targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a treatment regimen for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Studies have reported the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors as targeted therapeutic regimens that unleash the immune response against HNSCC tumors. However, the overall response rates to immunotherapy vary between 14-32% in recurrent or metastatic HNSCC, with clinical response and treatment success being unpredictable. Keeping this perspective in mind, it is imperative to understand the role of T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells in modulating the immune response to immunotherapy. In lieu of this, these immune molecules could serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers to facilitate longitudinal monitoring and understanding of treatment dynamics. These immune biomarkers could pave the path for personalized monitoring and management of HNSCC. In this review, we aim to provide updated immunological insight on the mechanism of action, expression, and the clinical application of immune cells' stimulatory and inhibitory molecules as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in HNC. The review is focused mainly on CD27 and CD137 (members of the TNF-receptor superfamily), natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4 or OX40), S100 proteins, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA). It also highlights the importance of T, natural killer, and antigen-presenting cells as robust biomarker tools for understanding immune checkpoint inhibitor-based treatment dynamics. Though a comprehensive review, all aspects of the immune molecules could not be covered as they were beyond the scope of the review; Further review articles can cover other aspects to bridge the knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Mestiri
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dina Moustafa Abo El-Ella
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Queenie Fernandes
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Takwa Bedhiafi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salam Almoghrabi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shayista Akbar
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laila Assami
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shaheena Anwar
- Department of Biosciences, Salim Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rehman Zar Gul
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Al-Muftah
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Afsheen Raza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research/ Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Menéndez V, Solórzano JL, García-Cosío M, Alonso-Alonso R, Rodríguez M, Cereceda L, Fernández S, Díaz E, Montalbán C, Estévez M, Piris MA, García JF. Immune and stromal transcriptional patterns that influence the outcome of classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:710. [PMID: 38184757 PMCID: PMC10771441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a rich immune microenvironment as the main tumor component. It involves a broad range of cell populations, which are largely unexplored, even though they are known to be essential for growth and survival of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. We profiled the gene expression of 25 FFPE cHL samples using NanoString technology and resolved their microenvironment compositions using cell-deconvolution tools, thereby generating patient-specific signatures. The results confirm individual immune fingerprints and recognize multiple clusters enriched in refractory patients, highlighting the relevance of: (1) the composition of immune cells and their functional status, including myeloid cell populations (M1-like, M2-like, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, etc.), CD4-positive T cells (exhausted, regulatory, Th17, etc.), cytotoxic CD8 T and natural killer cells; (2) the balance between inflammatory signatures (such as IL6, TNF, IFN-γ/TGF-β) and MHC-I/MHC-II molecules; and (3) several cells, pathways and genes related to the stroma and extracellular matrix remodeling. A validation model combining relevant immune and stromal signatures identifies patients with unfavorable outcomes, producing the same results in an independent cHL series. Our results reveal the heterogeneity of immune responses among patients, confirm previous findings, and identify new functional phenotypes of prognostic and predictive utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Menéndez
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España. Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Solórzano
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España. Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, C/Arturo Soria, 270, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Cosío
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Alonso-Alonso
- Pathology Department, IIS Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Pathology Department, IIS Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cereceda
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España. Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, C/Arturo Soria, 270, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España. Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, C/Arturo Soria, 270, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España. Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Montalbán
- Hematology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Estévez
- Hematology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Pathology Department, IIS Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F García
- Translational Research, Fundación MD Anderson International España. Madrid, 28033, Madrid, Spain.
- Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid, C/Arturo Soria, 270, 28033, Madrid, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Cancer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Rodrigues WF, Miguel CB, de Abreu MCM, Neto JM, Oliveira CJF. Potential Associations between Vascular Biology and Hodgkin's Lymphoma: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5299. [PMID: 37958472 PMCID: PMC10649902 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphatic neoplasm typically found in the cervical lymph nodes. The disease is multifactorial, and in recent years, the relationships between various vascular molecules have been explored in the field of vascular biology. The connection between vascular biology and HL is intricate and the roles of several pathways remain unclear. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular relationships between vascular biology and HL. Proteins associated with various functions in vascular biology, including cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-13, and IL-21), chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL12, and CCL21), adhesion molecules (ELAM-1/VCAM-1), and growth factors (BDNF/NT-3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α), have been linked to tumor activity. Notable tumor activities include the induction of paracrine activation of NF-kB-dependent pathways, upregulation of adhesion molecule regulation, genome amplification, and effective loss of antigen presentation mediated by MHC-II. Preclinical study models, primarily those using cell culture, have been optimized for HL. Animal models, particularly mice, are also used as alternatives to complex biological systems, with studies primarily focusing on the physiopathogenic evaluation of the disease. These biomolecules warrant further study because they may shed light on obscure pathways and serve as targets for prevention and/or treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, UFTM, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.J.F.O.)
- University Center of Mineiros, Unifimes, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil; (M.C.M.d.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Camila Botelho Miguel
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, UFTM, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.J.F.O.)
- University Center of Mineiros, Unifimes, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil; (M.C.M.d.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | | | - Jamil Miguel Neto
- University Center of Mineiros, Unifimes, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil; (M.C.M.d.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, UFTM, Uberaba 38025-440, MG, Brazil; (C.B.M.); (C.J.F.O.)
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Martynchyk A, Chowdhury R, Hawkes EA, Keane C. Prognostic Markers within the Tumour Microenvironment in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5217. [PMID: 37958391 PMCID: PMC10649036 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) accounts for 0.4% of all new cancer cases globally. Despite high cure rates with standard treatment, approximately 15% of patients still experience relapsed or refractory (RR) disease, and many of these eventually die from lymphoma-related causes. Exciting new targeted agents such as anti-PD-1 agents and brentuximab vedotin have changed the therapeutic paradigm beyond chemotherapy and radiotherapy alone. Advances in understanding of the molecular biology are providing insights in the context of novel therapies. The signature histology of cHL requires the presence of scant malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSCs) surrounded by a complex immune-rich tumour microenvironment (TME). The TME cellular composition strongly influences outcomes, yet knowledge of the precise characteristics of TME cells and their interactions with HRSCs is evolving. Novel high-throughput technologies and single-cell sequencing allow deeper analyses of the TME and mechanisms elicited by HRSCs to propagate growth and avoid immune response. In this review, we explore the evolution of knowledge on the prognostic role of immune cells within the TME and provide an up-to-date overview of emerging prognostic data on cHL from new technologies that are starting to unwind the complexity of the cHL TME and provide translational insights into how to improve therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Martynchyk
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research & Wellness Centre, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (A.M.); (E.A.H.)
| | - Rakin Chowdhury
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd., Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eliza A. Hawkes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research & Wellness Centre, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd., Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; (A.M.); (E.A.H.)
- School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Colm Keane
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd., Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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7
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Khalili S, Zeinali F, Moghadam Fard A, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour Naghibi A, Bagheri K, Shariat Zadeh M, Eslami Y, Fattah K, Asadimanesh N, Azarimatin A, Khalesi B, Almasi F, Payandeh Z. Macrophage-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3722. [PMID: 37509382 PMCID: PMC10378576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are types of immune cells, with ambivalent functions in tumor growth, which depend on the specific environment in which they reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a diverse population of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that play significant roles in several malignancies. TAM infiltration in malignancies has been linked to a poor prognosis and limited response to treatments, including those using checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor growth is an active area of research as targeting these cells may offer potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Numerous investigations have focused on anti-TAM-based methods that try to eliminate, rewire, or target the functional mediators released by these cells. Considering the importance of these strategies in the reversion of tumor resistance to conventional therapies and immune modulatory vaccination could be an appealing approach for the immunosuppressive targeting of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The combination of reprogramming and TAM depletion is a special feature of this approach compared to other clinical strategies. Thus, the present review aims to comprehensively overview the pleiotropic activities of TAMs and their involvement in various stages of cancer development as a potent drug target, with a focus on hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Atousa Moghadam Fard
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 4188783417, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Kimia Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shariat Zadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Eslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Khashayar Fattah
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Asadimanesh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Armin Azarimatin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Georgoulis V, Papoudou-Bai A, Makis A, Kanavaros P, Hatzimichael E. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:862. [PMID: 37372147 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a lymphoid neoplasm composed of rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by a reactive tumor microenvironment (TME) with suppressive properties against anti-tumor immunity. TME is mainly composed of T cells (CD4 helper, CD8 cytotoxic and regulatory) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), but the impact of these cells on the natural course of the disease is not absolutely understood. TME contributes to the immune evasion of neoplastic HRS cells through the production of various cytokines and/or the aberrant expression of immune checkpoint molecules in ways that have not been fully understood yet. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of findings regarding the cellular components and the molecular features of the immune TME in cHL, its correlation with treatment response and prognosis, as well as the potential targeting of the TME with novel therapies. Among all cells, macrophages appear to be a most appealing target for immunomodulatory therapies, based on their functional plasticity and antitumor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Georgoulis
- Department of Hematology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papoudou-Bai
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros Makis
- Department of Child Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 000 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Hematology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
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9
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Maaroufi M. Immunotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: From monoclonal antibodies to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 182:103923. [PMID: 36702422 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although up to 80 % of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients are cured with first-line therapy, relapsed/refractory HL remains a major clinical obstacle and is fatal for patients who are not candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or relapse after treatment. Several immune-based approaches have been investigated in recent years with the aim of exerting a possible antitumor effect through the immune system response to cancer cells. Clinical studies on novel agents, including brentuximab vedotin (BV) and PD-1 inhibitors, have successfully demonstrated their effectiveness in relapsed disease after ASCT. Additionally, studies examining combination strategies with the goal of reducing the risk of relapse and chemotherapy-related toxicity have showed encouraging results, mainly in untreated early unfavorable or advanced stage classical HL (cHL). Other non-approved immunotherapies such as camidanlumab tesirine, bispecific CD30/CD16A antibody, and CD30 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are promising approaches that may reinforce the therapeutic arsenal available to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Maaroufi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.
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10
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Xiong X, Xie X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang L. Tumor-associated macrophages in lymphoma: From mechanisms to therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Zawati I, Adouni O, Manai M, Nagara M, Tacam M, Reduzzi C, Gamoudi A, Manai M. FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio within the tumor microenvironment may serve as a potential prognostic factor in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Hum Immunol 2022; 83:843-856. [PMID: 36068099 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is characterized by extensive inflammatory immune cells, which predict the disease prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the significance of different tumor-infiltrated immune cells and subpopulation ratios observed in the tumor microenvironment of CHL, particularly relating to the disease's prognosis-focusing on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Utilizing immunohistochemistry, the quantification and exploration of selected immune cells' subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD20+, and CD68+ were conducted on 102 histological samples with primary CHL. Eosinophils were pathologically assessed. Besides, we determined the ratios between different tumor-infiltrated immune cells for each patient. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression modeling were used for survival analysis. We demonstrated that among all ratios and immune cells individually, only a higher FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio (≥1.36 cutoff) displayed a tendency towards a favorable OS (p = 0.057, HR = 0.43 [0.18-1.02]) and EFS (p = 0.067, HR = 0.44 [0.18-1.06]) using Cox regression modeling. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier method showed an association of a higher FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio with a longer 5-years OS (p = 0.037) and a tendency to a better EFS (p = 0.051); however, neither the combined FOXP3+ and CD68+ nor FOXP3+ or CD68+ separately was correlated to the CHL survival. Together, these results demonstrated that the FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio could predict the outcomes of CHL, providing more informative significance than FOXP3+ and CD68+ combined or FOXP3+ and CD68+ individually and might be a potential indicator of risk stratification, which has an important value for guiding the clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Zawati
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Olfa Adouni
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Manai
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Human Genetics (LR99ES10), Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, 10021 NY, NY, USA
| | - Majdi Nagara
- Inserm, UMR-S 1251, MMG, Faculty of Medicine Timone, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Moisis Tacam
- Department of OB/Gyn, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Reduzzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, 10021 NY, NY, USA
| | - Amor Gamoudi
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaiez Institute, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Manai
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies, and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Ariana, Tunisia
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12
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Xie Y, Yang H, Yang C, He L, Zhang X, Peng L, Zhu H, Gao L. Role and Mechanisms of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933666. [PMID: 35875135 PMCID: PMC9301190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has revealed that many nontumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and leukocytes, are strongly involved in tumor progression. In hematological malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be an important component that promotes tumor growth and can be polarized into different phenotypes with protumor or antitumor roles. This Review emphasizes research related to the role and mechanisms of TAMs in hematological malignancies. TAMs lead to poor prognosis by influencing tumor progression at the molecular level, including nurturing cancer stem cells and laying the foundation for metastasis. Although detailed molecular mechanisms have not been clarified, TAMs may be a new therapeutic target in hematological disease treatment.
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13
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The Role of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase 1 in Regulating Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112756. [PMID: 35681736 PMCID: PMC9179436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes an essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), and it promotes the occurrence of immunosuppressive effects by regulating the consumption of Trp and the accumulation of Kyn in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent studies have shown that the main cellular components of TME interact with each other through this pathway to promote the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we review the role of the immunosuppression mechanisms mediated by the IDO1 pathway in tumor growth. We discuss obstacles encountered in using IDO1 as a new tumor immunotherapy target, as well as the current clinical research progress.
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14
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Aldinucci D. Current and Emerging Approaches to Study Microenvironmental Interactions and Drug Activity in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102427. [PMID: 35626032 PMCID: PMC9139207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumor progression and treatment response, making its evaluation critical for determining prognosis, treatment strategies and predicting an increase in drug toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to utilize more complex systems to study the cHL-TME and its interplay with tumor cells. To evaluate new anticancer drugs and to find the mechanisms of drug resistance, this review summarizes emerging approaches for the analysis of the TME composition and to identify the state of the disease; the in vitro techniques used to determine the mechanisms involved in the building of an immunosuppressive and protective TME; new 3-dimensional (3D) models, the heterospheroids (HS), developed to mimic TME interactions. Here, we describe the present and likely future clinical applications indicated by the results of these studies and propose a classification for the in vitro culture methods used to study TME interactions in cHL. Abstract Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by a few tumor cells surrounded by a protective and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) composed by a wide variety of noncancerous cells that are an active part of the disease. Therefore, new techniques to study the cHL-TME and new therapeutic strategies targeting specifically tumor cells, reactivating the antitumor immunity, counteracting the protective effects of the TME, were developed. Here, we describe new methods used to study the cell composition, the phenotype, and the spatial distribution of Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells and of noncancerous cells in tumor tissues. Moreover, we propose a classification, with increasing complexity, of the in vitro functional studies used to clarify the interactions leading not only to HRS cell survival, growth and drug resistance, but also to the immunosuppressive tumor education of monocytes, T lymphocytes and fibroblasts. This classification also includes new 3-dimensional (3D) models, obtained by cultivating HRS cells in extracellular matrix scaffolds or in sponge scaffolds, under non-adherent conditions with noncancerous cells to form heterospheroids (HS), implanted in developing chick eggs (ovo model). We report results obtained with these approaches and their applications in clinical setting.
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15
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Gul G, Ceyhan M, Ince D, Olgun N, Ozer E. Expression Profile of Selected Antitumor Immune Response Genes in Pediatric Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:358-365. [PMID: 35293362 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is one of the most common pediatric solid tumors and is responsible for cancer-related deaths in children. Therefore, to modulate the active antitumor T-cell immune response in cHL can be a treatment strategy. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression profiles of selected antitumor immune response genes in pediatric cHL and their relationships with clinical and prognostic parameters to determine their significance in precision medicine. Thirty-nine pediatric nodal cHL patients were enrolled in the study. We analyzed mRNA expression of selected immune response regulatory genes such as PD-L1, CSF2, CTLA4, CXCL5, IDO1, CXCL8, MIF, NOS2, PDCD1, PTGS2, and TGFβ1 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Only PD-L1 overexpression was statistically related to bulky disease, advanced tumor stage, and high-risk disease category and seen significantly in Epstein-Barr virus-negative pediatric cHL. No expression profiles were correlated with relapse or survival. We conclude that PD-L1 overexpression in pediatric cHL cases is a strong predictor of high-risk categorization. In addition to being a prognostic biomarker, PD-L1 blockade is also a druggable marker for the targeted therapy in Epstein-Barr virus-negative pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dilek Ince
- Clinical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Oncology
| | - Nur Olgun
- Clinical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Oncology
| | - Erdener Ozer
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Institute of Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Song X, Si Q, Qi R, Liu W, Li M, Guo M, Wei L, Yao Z. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: A Promising Therapeutic Target in Malignant Tumor. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800630. [PMID: 35003126 PMCID: PMC8733291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex multifactorial and multistep process in which tumors can utilize a diverse repertoire of immunosuppressive mechanisms to evade host immune attacks. The degradation of tryptophan into immunosuppressive kynurenine is considered an important immunosuppressive mechanism in the tumor microenvironment. There are three enzymes, namely, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), involved in the metabolism of tryptophan. IDO1 has a wider distribution and higher activity in catalyzing tryptophan than the other two; therefore, it has been studied most extensively. IDO1 is a cytosolic monomeric, heme-containing enzyme, which is now considered an authentic immune regulator and represents one of the promising drug targets for tumor immunotherapy. Collectively, this review highlights the regulation of IDO1 gene expression and the ambivalent mechanisms of IDO1 on the antitumoral immune response. Further, new therapeutic targets via the regulation of IDO1 are discussed. A comprehensive analysis of the expression and biological function of IDO1 can help us to understand the therapeutic strategies of the inhibitors targeting IDO1 in malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Song
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qianqian Si
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Qi
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weidan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital, Pingxiang County, Xingtai, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengyue Guo
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyan Yao
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Checkpoint protein expression in the tumor microenvironment defines the outcome of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Blood Adv 2021; 6:1919-1931. [PMID: 34941990 PMCID: PMC8941476 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates a major impact for the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune escape in the pathogenesis and clinical course of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). We used gene expression profiling (n=88), CIBERSORT, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (n=131) to characterize the immunoprofile of cHL TME, and correlated the findings with survival. Gene expression analysis divided tumors into subgroups with T cell-inflamed and non-inflamed TME. Several macrophage-related genes were upregulated in samples with the non-T cell-inflamed TME, and based on the immune cell proportions, the samples clustered according to the content of T cells and macrophages. A cluster with high proportions of checkpoint protein (PD-1, PD-L1, IDO-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3) positive immune cells translated to unfavorable overall survival (OS) (5-year OS 76% vs. 96%, P=0.010), and remained as an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariable analysis (HR 4.34, 95% CI 1.05-17.91, P=0.043). cHLs with high proportions of checkpoint proteins overexpressed genes coding for cytolytic factors, proposing paradoxically that they were immunologically active. This checkpoint molecule gene signature translated to inferior survival in a validation cohort of 290 diagnostic cHL samples (P<0.001) and in an expansion cohort of 84 cHL relapse samples (P=0.048). Our findings demonstrate the impact of T cell- and macrophage-mediated checkpoint system on the survival of patients with cHL.
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18
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Alemohammad H, Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Baghbanzadeh A, Ghorbaninezhad F, Najafzadeh A, Safarpour H, Bernardini R, Brunetti O, Sonnessa M, Fasano R, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. The importance of immune checkpoints in immune monitoring: A future paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112516. [PMID: 34906767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of cancer are directly correlated to the suppression of the immune system. A major breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy depends on various mechanisms to detect immunosuppressive factors that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Immune checkpoints are expressed on many immune cells such as T-cells, regulatory B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NKs), regulatory T (Tregs), M2-type macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Immune inhibitory molecules, including CTLA-4, TIM-3, TIGIT, PD-1, and LAG-3, normally inhibit immune responses via negatively regulating immune cell signaling pathways to prevent immune injury. However, the up-regulation of inhibitory immune checkpoints during tumor progression on immune cells suppresses anti-tumor immune responses and promotes immune escape in cancer. It has recently been indicated that cancer cells can up-regulate various pathways of the immune checkpoints. Therefore, targeting immune inhibitory molecules through antibodies or miRNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy and shows favorable results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are introduced as a new immunotherapy strategy that enhance immune cell-induced antitumor responses in many patients. In this review, we highlighted the function of each immune checkpoint on different immune cells and therapeutic strategies aimed at using monoclonal antibodies and miRNAs against inhibitory receptors. We also discussed current challenges and future strategies for maximizing these FDA-approved immunosuppressants' effectiveness and clinical success in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Najafzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Safarpour
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Renato Bernardini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, Catania, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Fasano
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncological Unite, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II" of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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19
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Gusak A, Fedorova L, Lepik K, Volkov N, Popova M, Moiseev I, Mikhailova N, Baykov V, Kulagin A. Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Efficacy of PD-1 Inhibitors in Relapsed/Refractory Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Checkpoint Molecules Landscape and Macrophage Populations. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225676. [PMID: 34830831 PMCID: PMC8616219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Classic Hodgkin lymphoma contains rare malignant Hodgkin/Reed–Sternberg cells and abundant reactive populations in the tumor microenvironment. Many aspects of the interaction between tumor cells and immune cells remain unclear. Nevertheless, the microenvironment is believed to play a crucial role in tumor resistance and progression. Current knowledge about the role and dynamics of the tumor microenvironment in Hodgkin lymphoma during anti-PD-1 treatment is limited. The aim of this study was to identify possible predictive and prognostic morphological markers in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma treated with nivolumab and to assess the variability of reactive cell populations after nivolumab therapy. The study was aimed to optimize therapeutic strategy in patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Abstract To date, the impact of the tumor microenvironment on the prognosis of patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) during anti-PD-1 therapy has been studied insufficiently. This retrospective study included 61 primary samples of lymph nodes from patients who had relapsed/refractory (r/r) cHL and were treated with nivolumab. Repeated samples were obtained in 15 patients at relapse or disease progression after immunotherapy. Median follow-up was 55 (13–63) months. The best overall response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed depending on the expression of CD68, CD163, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3, CTLA-4, TIGIT, CD163/c-maf in the tumor microenvironment in primary and sequential biopsies. The combination of CD163/c-maf antibodies was used for the identification of M2 macrophages (M2). A low number of macrophages in primary samples was associated with inferior PFS during nivolumab treatment (for CD163-positive cells p = 0.0086; for CD68-positive cells p = 0.037), while a low number of M2 with higher PFS (p = 0.014). Complete response was associated with a lower level of M2 (p = 0.011). In sequential samples (before and after nivolumab therapy) an increase in PD-1 (p = 0.011) and LAG-3 (p = 0.0045) and a depletion of CD68 (p = 0.057) and CD163 (p = 0.0049)-positive cells were observed. The study expands understanding of the cHL microenvironment structure and dynamics during nivolumab therapy in patients with r/r cHL.
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20
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Bauer M, Jasinski-Bergner S, Mandelboim O, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies and Immune Escape: The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Tumor Cell Evasion Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205189. [PMID: 34680337 PMCID: PMC8533749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Epstein–Barr virus, also termed human herpes virus 4, is a human pathogenic double-stranded DNA virus. It is highly prevalent and has been linked to the development of 1–2% of cancers worldwide. EBV-associated malignancies encompass various structural and epigenetic alterations. In addition, EBV-encoded gene products and microRNAs interfere with innate and adaptive immunity and modulate the tumor microenvironment. This review provides an overview of the characteristic features of EBV with a focus on the intrinsic and extrinsic immune evasion strategies, which contribute to EBV-associated malignancies. Abstract The detailed mechanisms of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in the initiation and progression of EBV-associated malignancies are not yet completely understood. During the last years, new insights into the mechanisms of malignant transformation of EBV-infected cells including somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications, their impact on the microenvironment and resulting unique immune signatures related to immune system functional status and immune escape strategies have been reported. In this context, there exists increasing evidence that EBV-infected tumor cells can influence the tumor microenvironment to their own benefit by establishing an immune-suppressive surrounding. The identified mechanisms include EBV gene integration and latent expression of EBV-infection-triggered cytokines by tumor and/or bystander cells, e.g., cancer-associated fibroblasts with effects on the composition and spatial distribution of the immune cell subpopulations next to the infected cells, stroma constituents and extracellular vesicles. This review summarizes (i) the typical stages of the viral life cycle and EBV-associated transformation, (ii) strategies to detect EBV genome and activity and to differentiate various latency types, (iii) the role of the tumor microenvironment in EBV-associated malignancies, (iv) the different immune escape mechanisms and (v) their clinical relevance. This gained information will enhance the development of therapies against EBV-mediated diseases to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Department of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, En Kerem, P.O. Box 12271, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Department of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.B.); (C.W.)
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Department of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(345)-557-1357
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21
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Mantle cell lymphoma polarizes tumor-associated macrophages into M2-like macrophages, which in turn promote tumorigenesis. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2863-2878. [PMID: 34297045 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are recognized as a hallmark of certain solid cancers and predictors of poor prognosis; however, the functional role of TAMs in lymphoid malignancies, including B-cell lymphoma, has not been well defined. We identified infiltration of F4/80+ TAMs in a syngeneic mouse model using the recently generated murine mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell line FC-muMCL1. Multicolor flow cytometric analysis of syngeneic lymphoma tumors showed distinct polarization of F4/80+ TAMs into CD206+ M2 and CD80+ M1 phenotypes. Using human MCL cell lines (Mino, Granta, and JVM2), we further showed that MCL cells polarized monocyte-derived macrophages toward an M2-like phenotype, as assessed by CD163+ expression and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) level; however, levels of the M1 markers CD80 and IL-12 remained unaffected. To show that macrophages contribute to MCL tumorigenesis, we xenografted the human MCL cell line Mino along with CD14+ monocytes and compared tumor growth between these 2 groups. Results showed that xenografted Mino along with CD14+ monocytes significantly increased the tumor growth in vivo compared with MCL cells alone (P < .001), whereas treatment with liposomal clodronate (to deplete the macrophages) reversed the effect of CD14+ monocytes on growth of MCL xenografts (P < .001). Mechanistically, IL-10 secreted by MCL-polarized M2-like macrophages was found to be responsible for increasing MCL growth by activating STAT1 signaling, whereas IL-10 neutralizing antibody or STAT1 inhibition by fludarabine or STAT1 short hairpin RNA significantly abolished MCL growth (P < .01). Collectively, our data show the existence of a tumor microenvironmental network of macrophages and MCL tumor and suggest the importance of macrophages in interventional therapeutic strategies against MCL and other lymphoid malignancies.
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Cencini E, Fabbri A, Sicuranza A, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M. The Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143597. [PMID: 34298810 PMCID: PMC8304632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent a leading component of the tumor microenvironment in hematologic malignancies. TAM could display antitumor activity or, conversely, could contribute to tumor growth and survival, depending on their polarization. TAM are polarized towards form M1, with a pro-inflammatory phenotype and an antineoplastic activity, or M2, with an alternately activated phenotype, associated with a poor outcome in patients presenting with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma. The molecular mechanisms of TAM in different types of hematologic malignancies are different due to the peculiar microenvironment of each disease. TAM could contribute to tumor progression, reduced apoptosis and angiogenesis; a different TAM polarization could explain a reduced treatment response in patients with a similar disease subtype. The aim of our review is to better define the role of TAM in patients with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Finally, we would like to focus on TAM as a possible target for antineoplastic therapy. Abstract The tumor microenvironment includes dendritic cells, T-cytotoxic, T-helper, reactive B-lymphoid cells and macrophages; these reactive cells could interplay with malignant cells and promote tumor growth and survival. Among its cellular components, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent a component of the innate immune system and play an important role, especially in hematologic malignancies. Depending on the stimuli that trigger their activation, TAM are polarized towards form M1, contributing to antitumor responses, or M2, associated with tumor progression. Many studies demonstrated a correlation between TAM, disease progression and the patient’s outcome in lymphoproliferative neoplasms, such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), even if with conflicting results. A critical hurdle to overcome is surely represented by the heterogeneity in the choice of the optimal markers and methods used for TAM analysis (gene-expression profile vs. immunohistochemistry, CD163vs. CD68vs. CD163/CD68 double-positive cells). TAM have been recently linked to the development and progression of multiple myeloma and leukemia, with a critical role in the homing of malignant cells, drug resistance, immune suppression and angiogenesis. As such, this review will summarize the role of TAM in different hematologic malignancies, focusing on the complex interplay between TAM and tumor cells, the prognostic value of TAM and the possible TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Lambrou GI, Karakonstantakis T, Vlahopoulos S, Zaravinos A. Dual Mechanisms of Metabolism and Gene Expression of the CCRF-CEM Leukemia Cells under Glucocorticoid Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115889. [PMID: 34072627 PMCID: PMC8198442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids play an essential part in anti-leukemic therapies, but resistance is a crucial event for the prognosis of the disease. Glucocorticoids influence the metabolic properties of leukemic cells. The inherent plasticity of clinically evolving cancer cells justifies the characterization of drug-induced early oncogenic pathways, which represent a likely source of detrimental secondary effects. AIM The present work aims to investigate the effect of glucocorticoids in metabolic pathways in the CCRF-CEM leukemic cells. Metabolic factors and gene expression profiles were examined in order to unravel the possible mechanisms of the CCRF-CEM leukemic cell growth dynamics. METHODS CCRF-CEM cells were used as a model. Cells were treated with prednisolone with concentrations 0-700 μM. Cell culture supernatants were used for glucose, lactic acid, LDH, Na+, K+ and Ca++ measurements. Cytotoxicity was determined with flow cytometry. Microarray analysis was performed using two different chips of 1.2 k and 4.8 k genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was applied to find metabolism- and GC-related genes. RESULTS Higher prednisolone concentrations inhibited glucose uptake, without exhibiting any cytotoxic effects. Glucose consumption did not correlate with the total cell population, or the viable population, indicating that growth is not directly proportional to glucose consumption. Neither of the subpopulations, i.e., viable, necrotic, or apoptotic cells, contributed to this. CONCLUSIONS Different types of leukemic cells seem to exhibit different patterns of glucose metabolism. Both resistant and sensitive CCRF-CEM cells followed the aerobic pathway of glycolysis. There is probably a rapid change in membrane permeability, causing a general shutdown towards everything that is outside the cell. This could in part also explain the observed resistance. Glucocorticoids do not enter the cell passively anymore and therefore no effects are observed. Based on our observations, ion concentrations are measurable factors both in vitro and in vivo, which makes them possible markers of glucocorticoid cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I. Lambrou
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (G.I.L.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-746-7427 (G.I.L.)
| | | | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- Choremeio Research Laboratory, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: (G.I.L.); (A.Z.); Tel.: +30-210-746-7427 (G.I.L.)
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Immunity reloaded: Deconstruction of the PD-1 axis in B cell lymphomas. Blood Rev 2021; 50:100832. [PMID: 33896649 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade therapies targeting the PD-1 axis with monoclonal antibodies to reinstate host immune function have revolutionized the clinical management of some cancers but have had minimal impact on others. This dichotomy is exemplified by B cell lymphomas. Whilst striking results are observed in classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) and Primary Mediastinal B Cell Lymphoma (PMBL), responses in other B cell lymphomas are infrequent. Even with cHL and PMBL, responses are not always durable and adverse effects can result in treatment discontinuation. A more nuanced approach to manipulate the PD-1 axis is required before the full benefits of PD-1 axis blockade can be realised. In this review, we provide an outline of PD-1 axis biology, including the range of cellular expression, the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation and the impacts of downstream signalling. These may permit the development of alternate strategies to PD-1 axis blockade to enhance the therapeutic efficacy in B cell lymphomas.
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Lamb MG, Rangarajan HG, Tullius BP, Lee DA. Natural killer cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: successes, challenges, and the future. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:211. [PMID: 33766099 PMCID: PMC7992329 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells is an emerging therapy in the field of immuno-oncology. In the last 3 decades, NK cells have been utilized to harness the anti-tumor immune response in a wide range of malignancies, most notably with early evidence of efficacy in hematologic malignancies. NK cells are dysfunctional in patients with hematologic malignancies, and their number and function are further impaired by chemotherapy, radiation, and immunosuppressants used in initial therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Restoring this innate immune deficit may lead to improved therapeutic outcomes. NK cell adoptive transfer has proven to be a safe in these settings, even in the setting of HLA mismatch, and a deeper understanding of NK cell biology and optimized expansion techniques have improved scalability and therapeutic efficacy. Here, we review the use of NK cell therapy in hematologic malignancies and discuss strategies to further improve the efficacy of NK cells against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret G Lamb
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Hemalatha G Rangarajan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Tullius
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean A Lee
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Suite 5A.1, Columbus, OH, 43205-2664, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Huang S, Liang C, Zhao Y, Deng T, Tan J, Lu Y, Liu S, Li Y, Chen S. Increased TOX expression concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in T cells from patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 18:143-149. [PMID: 33608984 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize immune suppression in lymphoma, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) expression and co-expression with programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cell immunoglobulin mucin-domain-containing-3 (Tim-3), and CD244 in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T (Treg) cells from patients with lymphomas were analyzed. METHODS TOX expression and co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in CD3+, CD4+, Treg, and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by multi-color fluorescent flow cytometry using peripheral blood (PB) from 13 newly diagnosed, untreated lymphoma patients, and 11 healthy individuals. RESULTS An increased percentage of TOX+ CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells was found in PB from patients with B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL) in comparison with healthy controls. Moreover, TOX+PD-1+ and TOX+Tim-3+ double-positive T cells increased among the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+T cell populations in the B-NHL group. There was apparent heterogeneity in TOX expression and co-expression with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in different lymphoma patients. In addition, the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells (Treg) among the CD3+ and CD4+ T cells significantly increased, and the number of TOX+ and TOX+PD-1+ Treg cells also significantly increased in the B-NHL group. CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of TOX concurrent with PD-1, Tim-3, and CD244 in T cells from patients with B-NHL may contribute to T cell exhaustion and impair their special anti-tumor T cell activity. TOX may be considered a potential target for reversing T cell exhaustion and improving T cell function in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Huang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Liang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tairan Deng
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiong Tan
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sichu Liu
- Lymphoma Division, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Kazemi MH, Najafi A, Karami J, Ghazizadeh F, Yousefi H, Falak R, Safari E. Immune and metabolic checkpoints blockade: Dual wielding against tumors. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107461. [PMID: 33592403 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have raised hopes for treating cancers that are resistant to conventional therapies. Among the various immunotherapy methods, the immune checkpoint (IC) blockers were more promising and have paved their way to the clinic. Tumor cells induce the expression of ICs on the immune cells and derive them to a hyporesponsive exhausted phenotype. IC blockers could hinder immune exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment and reinvigorate immune cells for an efficient antitumor response. Despite the primary success of IC blockers in the clinic, the growing numbers of refractory cases require an in-depth study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IC expression and function. Immunometabolism is recently found to be a key factor in the regulation of immune responses. Activated or exhausted immune cells exploit different metabolic pathways. Tumor cells can suppress antitumor responses via immunometabolism alteration. Therefore, it is expected that concurrent targeting of ICs and immunometabolism pathways can cause immune cells to restore their antitumor activity. In this review, we dissected the reciprocal interactions of immune cell metabolism with expression and signaling of ICs in the tumor microenvironment. Recent findings on dual targeting of ICs and metabolic checkpoints have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Foad Ghazizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA.
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chenlo M, Aliyev E, Rodrigues JS, Vieiro-Balo P, Blanco Freire MN, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Alvarez CV. Sequential Colocalization of ERa, PR, and AR Hormone Receptors Using Confocal Microscopy Enables New Insights into Normal Breast and Prostate Tissue and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123591. [PMID: 33266334 PMCID: PMC7761237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary At present, platforms for multiplex immunohistochemistry (e.g., Opal) identify markers in distinct cell populations within a tissue section using multispectral fluorescence and optic microscopy. However, the optic resolution is not enough to colocalize markers at the subcellular level in the main epithelial or cancer population. We use confocal microscopy in multiplex detection of nuclear hormone receptors since they are an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of breast and prostate cancer. Moreover, we increased the quantitative dynamic range and resolution through increasing the signal/noise ration through reducing autofluorescence and increased longer antibody incubations. ColNu mIHCF identified distinct patterns of nuclear receptor colocalization in breast cancers. Furthermore, in prostate cancer all cancer epithelium was positive for ERa at the plasma membrane; and in normal prostate a small ERa+/p63+/AR− basal population suggest stem cell commitment to differentiation. ColNu mIHCF could be used for improving diagnosis and treatment in cancer. Abstract Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) use markers staining different cell populations applying widefield optical microscopy. Resolution is low not resolving subcellular co-localization. We sought to colocalize markers at subcellular level with antibodies validated for clinical diagnosis, including the single secondary antibody (combination of anti-rabbit/mouse-antibodies) used for diagnostic IHC with any primary antibody, and confocal microscopy. We explore colocalization in the nucleus (ColNu) of nuclear hormone receptors (ERa, PR, and AR) along with the baseline marker p63 in paired samples of breast and prostate tissues. We established ColNu mIHCF as a reliable technique easily implemented in a hospital setting. In ERa+ breast cancer, we identified different colocalization patterns (nuclear or cytoplasmatic) with PR and AR on the luminal epithelium. A triple-negative breast-cancer case expressed membrane-only ERa. A PR-only case was double positive PR/p63. In normal prostate, we identified an ERa+/p63+/AR-negative distinct population. All prostate cancer cases characteristically expressed ERa on the apical membrane of the AR+ epithelium. We confirmed this using ERa IHC and needle-core biopsies. ColNu mIHCF is feasible and already revealed a new marker for prostate cancer and identified sub-patterns in breast cancer. It could be useful for pathology as well as for functional studies in normal prostate and breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Chenlo
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation P0L5, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Moleculary Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Elvin Aliyev
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.A.); (P.V.-B.)
| | - Joana S. Rodrigues
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation P0L5, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Moleculary Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Paula Vieiro-Balo
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.A.); (P.V.-B.)
| | - Manuel N. Blanco Freire
- Department of Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.A.); (P.V.-B.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.-T.); (C.V.A.)
| | - Clara V. Alvarez
- Neoplasia & Endocrine Differentiation P0L5, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Moleculary Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.S.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.C.-T.); (C.V.A.)
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Meireson A, Devos M, Brochez L. IDO Expression in Cancer: Different Compartment, Different Functionality? Front Immunol 2020; 11:531491. [PMID: 33072086 PMCID: PMC7541907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.531491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a cytosolic haem-containing enzyme involved in the degradation of tryptophan to kynurenine. Although initially thought to be solely implicated in the modulation of innate immune responses during infection, subsequent discoveries demonstrated IDO1 as a mechanism of acquired immune tolerance. In cancer, IDO1 expression/activity has been observed in tumor cells as well as in the tumor-surrounding stroma, which is composed of endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal cells. IDO1 expression/activity has also been reported in the peripheral blood. This manuscript reviews available data on IDO1 expression, mechanisms of its induction, and its function in cancer for each of these compartments. In-depth study of the biological function of IDO1 according to the expressing (tumor) cell can help to understand if and when IDO1 inhibition can play a role in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Meireson
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Devos
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieve Brochez
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Li Z, Li F, Ma C, Xu C, Pan Z. Advancement of clinical therapeutic research on glioma: A narrative review. GLIOMA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/glioma.glioma_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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