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Bas TG, Duarte V. Biosimilars in the Era of Artificial Intelligence-International Regulations and the Use in Oncological Treatments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:925. [PMID: 39065775 PMCID: PMC11279612 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This research is based on three fundamental aspects of successful biosimilar development in the challenging biopharmaceutical market. First, biosimilar regulations in eight selected countries: Japan, South Korea, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, and South Africa, represent the four continents. The regulatory aspects of the countries studied are analyzed, highlighting the challenges facing biosimilars, including their complex approval processes and the need for standardized regulatory guidelines. There is an inconsistency depending on whether the biosimilar is used in a developed or developing country. In the countries observed, biosimilars are considered excellent alternatives to patent-protected biological products for the treatment of chronic diseases. In the second aspect addressed, various analytical AI modeling methods (such as machine learning tools, reinforcement learning, supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning tools) were analyzed to observe patterns that lead to the prevalence of biosimilars used in cancer to model the behaviors of the most prominent active compounds with spectroscopy. Finally, an analysis of the use of active compounds of biosimilars used in cancer and approved by the FDA and EMA was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gabriel Bas
- Escuela de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
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2
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Li Y, Gao H, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Adam V, Kuca K. Recombinant ferritins for multimodal nanomedicine. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2219868. [PMID: 37263586 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2219868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In all living organisms, ferritins are a group of proteins important for maintaining iron homeostasis. Increasing amount of studies has shown that recombinant ferritins can be widely used in multimodal nanomedicine, especially for anticancer treatment and vaccination. Recombinant particles prepared by fusing viral proteins and ferritin subunits produce a better immune response and higher antibody titres. Moreover, actively-targeted ferritin nanoparticles can recognise receptors and deliver natural or chemical drugs specifically to the tumour tissue. In addition, ferritin-linked or loaded with contrast agents or fluorescent dyes can be used as multimodal particles useful cancer theranostics. In this review, we fully summarised the unitisation of recombinant ferritins in multimodal nanomedicine. The research progress of using recombinant ferritins as nanovaccines, nanozymes, and bioengineered nanocarriers for targeted therapy and bioimaging is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Zafar S, Armaghan M, Khan K, Hassan N, Sharifi-Rad J, Habtemariam S, Kieliszek M, Butnariu M, Bagiu IC, Bagiu RV, Cho WC. New insights into the anticancer therapeutic potential of maytansine and its derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115039. [PMID: 37364476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maytansine is a pharmacologically active 19-membered ansamacrolide derived from various medicinal plants and microorganisms. Among the most studied pharmacological activities of maytansine over the past few decades are anticancer and anti-bacterial effects. The anticancer mechanism of action is primarily mediated through interaction with the tubulin thereby inhibiting the assembly of microtubules. This ultimately leads to decreased stability of microtubule dynamics and cause cell cycle arrest, resulting in apoptosis. Despite its potent pharmacological effects, the therapeutic applications of maytansine in clinical medicine are quite limited due to its non-selective cytotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, several derivatives have been designed and developed mostly by modifying the parent structural skeleton of maytansine. These structural derivatives exhibit improved pharmacological activities as compared to maytansine. The present review provides a valuable insight into maytansine and its synthetic derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Zafar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Armaghan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Nazia Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monica Butnariu
- University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I" from Timisoara, 300645, Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania.
| | - Iulia-Cristina Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania; Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Vasile Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Department of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania; Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Mahara G, Tian C, Xu X, Wang W. Revolutionising health care: Exploring the latest advances in medical sciences. J Glob Health 2023; 13:03042. [DOI: • doi: 10.7189/jogh.13.03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gehendra Mahara
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong Tian
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojia Xu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Mahara G, Tian C, Xu X, Wang W. Revolutionising health care: Exploring the latest advances in medical sciences. J Glob Health 2023; 13:03042. [PMID: 37539846 PMCID: PMC10401902 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.03042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gehendra Mahara
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuihong Tian
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojia Xu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Infection Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Center for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Gary-Bobo M. Special Issue “Nanoplatforms Based Cancers Therapy”. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061698. [PMID: 36980584 PMCID: PMC10046604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine is now considered a hopeful strategy to efficiently target cancer cells and deliver, more specifically, the molecule of interest to the area to image and treat cells [...]
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Gary-Bobo
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34093 Montpellier, France
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Kanu GA, Parambath JBM, Abu Odeh RO, Mohamed AA. Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Gene Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5366. [PMID: 36358785 PMCID: PMC9653658 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained increasing attention as novel drug-delivery nanostructures for the treatment of cancers, infections, inflammations, and other diseases and disorders. They are versatile in design, synthesis, modification, and functionalization. This has many advantages in terms of gene editing and gene silencing, and their application in genetic illnesses. The development of several techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9, TALEN, and ZFNs has raised hopes for the treatment of genetic abnormalities, although more focused experimentation is still needed. AuNPs, however, have been much more effective in trending research on this subject. In this review, we highlight recently well-developed advancements that are relevant to cutting-edge gene therapies, namely gene editing and gene silencing in diseases caused by a single gene in humans by taking an edge of the unique properties of the AuNPs, which will be an important outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri A. Kanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javad B. M. Parambath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed O. Abu Odeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed A. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Cancer Immunotherapy and Delivery System: An Update. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081630. [PMID: 36015256 PMCID: PMC9413869 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an understanding of immunity in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy turns out to be a powerful tool in the clinic to treat many cancers. The strategies applied in cancer immunotherapy mainly include blockade of immune checkpoints, adoptive transfer of engineered cells, such as T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, cytokine therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic virotherapy. Many factors, such as product price, off-target side effects, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and cancer cell heterogeneity, affect the treatment efficacy of immunotherapies against cancers. In addition, some treatments, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, are more effective in treating patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma rather than solid tumors. To improve the efficacy of targeted immunotherapy and reduce off-target effects, delivery systems for immunotherapies have been developed in past decades using tools such as nanoparticles, hydrogel matrix, and implantable scaffolds. This review first summarizes the currently common immunotherapies and their limitations. It then synopsizes the relative delivery systems that can be applied to improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects. The challenges, frontiers, and prospects for applying these delivery systems in cancer immunotherapy are also discussed. Finally, the application of these approaches in clinical trials is reviewed.
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