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Vahab SA, V VK, Kumar VS. Exosome-based drug delivery systems for enhanced neurological therapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01710-x. [PMID: 39325272 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles naturally secreted by cells into body fluids, enriched with bioactive molecules such as RNAs, proteins, and lipids. These nanosized vesicles play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes by facilitating intercellular communication and modulating cellular responses, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and reflect the characteristics of their parent cells makes exosomal cargo a promising candidate for biomarkers in the early diagnosis and clinical assessment of neurological conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the characterization of mammalian-derived exosomes, their application as drug delivery systems for neurological disorders, and ongoing clinical trials involving exosome-loaded cargo. Despite their promising attributes, a significant challenge remains the lack of standardized isolation methods, as current techniques are often complex, costly, and require sophisticated equipment, affecting the scalability and affordability of exosome-based therapies. The review highlights the engineering potential of exosomes, emphasizing their ability to be customized for targeted therapeutic delivery through surface modification or conjugation. Future advancements in addressing these challenges and leveraging the unique properties of exosomes could lead to innovative and effective therapeutic strategies in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa A Vahab
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vyshma K V
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vrinda S Kumar
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India.
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Kriebardis AG, Chardalias L, Damaskos C, Pouliakis A, Garmpis N, Fortis SP, Papailia A, Sideri C, Georgatzakou HT, Papageorgiou EG, Pittaras T, Tsourouflis G, Politou M, Papaconstantinou I, Dimitroulis D, Valsami S. Precision Oncology: Circulating Microvesicles as New Biomarkers in a Very Early Stage of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1943. [PMID: 38792021 PMCID: PMC11119677 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of microvesicles (MVs) is an essential phenomenon for inter-cellular signaling in health and disease. The role of MVs in cancer is multidimensional and includes cancer cell survival, proliferation, and invasion. In this prospective study, we analyzed MV levels in colorectal cancer patients and assessed the importance of MV release in early-stage colorectal cancer and survival. METHODS This study included 98 patients and 15 controls. The characterization of MVs from human plasma was performed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS The levels of total MVs and MUC-1-positive, tissue factor (TF)-positive, and endothelial cell-derived MVs (EMVs) were statistically significantly higher in the colon cancer patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the subgroup of patients with very early-stage colorectal cancer also had statistically significant differences in the levels of the abovementioned MVs compared to the controls (p < 0.01). Highly differentiated tumors had lower levels of MUC-1-positive MVs (p < 0.02), EMVs (p < 0.002), and EMV/TF combinations (p < 0.001) versus those with tumors with low/intermediate differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that the analysis of circulating MV levels in plasma could possibly become a tool for the early diagnosis of colon cancer at a very early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.G.K.); (S.P.F.); (H.T.G.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Leonidas Chardalias
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Christos Damaskos
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (C.D.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Abraham Pouliakis
- Second Department of Pathology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (C.D.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.G.K.); (S.P.F.); (H.T.G.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Aspasia Papailia
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Christiana Sideri
- Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (T.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Hara T. Georgatzakou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.G.K.); (S.P.F.); (H.T.G.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Effie G. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (A.G.K.); (S.P.F.); (H.T.G.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Theodoros Pittaras
- Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (T.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (C.D.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Marianna Politou
- Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (T.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioannis Papaconstantinou
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece; (C.D.); (N.G.); (G.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Serena Valsami
- Hematology Laboratory-Blood Bank, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.S.); (T.P.); (M.P.)
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Qin F, Chen J. Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344705. [PMID: 38419843 PMCID: PMC10900531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their remarkable therapeutic potential. These nanoscale carriers can be harnessed for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as pharmaceuticals, proteins, and nucleic acids, across biological barriers. This versatile attribute of exosomes is a promising modality for precision medicine applications, notably in the realm of cancer therapy. However, despite their substantial therapeutic potential, exosomes still confront challenges tied to standardization and scalability that impede their practice in clinical applications. Moreover, heterogeneity in isolation methodologies and limited cargo loading mechanisms pose obstacles to ensuring consistent outcomes, thereby constraining their therapeutic utility. In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor's genetic and proteomic profile. This characteristic endows them with the potential to serve as valuable liquid biopsies for non-invasive and real-time monitoring, making possible early cancer detection for the development of personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an extensive evaluation of the advancements in exosome research, critically examining their advantages and limitations in the context of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a curated overview of the most recent technological innovations utilizing exosomes, with a focus on enhancing the efficacy of early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fais S, Logozzi M. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Plasmatic Exosome Count in Cancer Patients and in Patients with Other Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1049. [PMID: 38256122 PMCID: PMC10816819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent of both scientific articles and reviews on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown impressively over the last few decades [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Rodríguez-Zorrilla S, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Fais S, Logozzi MA, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Giuliani A, García-García A, Pérez-Jardón A, Ortega KL, Martínez-González Á, Pérez-Sayáns M. Increased Plasmatic Levels of Exosomes Are Significantly Related to Relapse Rate in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5693. [PMID: 38067397 PMCID: PMC10705147 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Their plasma-derived exosomes deliver immunomodulatory molecules and cargo that correlate significantly with clinical parameters. This study aims to assess the exosomal profile as a potential tool for early detection of relapse and long-term outcomes in OSCC patients undergoing conventional therapy. METHODS 27 OSCC patients with a median 38-month follow-up were included in this study. The relationship between NTA-derived parameters and clinical pathological parameters was examined, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of these values in detecting cancer relapse. RESULTS Plasmatic levels of exosomes prior to surgery showed a drastic reduction after surgical intervention (8.08E vs. 1.41 × 109 particles/mL, p = 0.006). Postsurgical concentrations of exosomes were higher in patients who experienced relapse compared to those who remained disease-free (2.97 × 109 vs. 1.11 × 109 particles/mL, p = 0.046). Additionally, patients who relapsed exhibited larger exosome sizes after surgery (141.47 vs. 132.31 nm, p = 0.03). Patients with lower concentrations of exosomes prior to surgery demonstrated better disease-free survival compared to those with higher levels (p = 0.012). ROC analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.82 for presurgical exosome concentration in identifying relapse. CONCLUSIONS Presurgical exosomal plasmatic levels serve as independent predictors of early recurrence and survival in OSCC. All in all, our findings indicate that the detection of peripheral exosomes represents a novel tool for the clinical management of OSCC, with potential implications for prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rodríguez-Zorrilla
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Maria A. Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.F.); (M.A.L.)
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.M.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (D.M.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Abel García-García
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karem L. Ortega
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Martínez-González
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Mourente S/N, 36472 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.R.-Z.); (A.G.-G.); (A.P.-J.); (K.L.O.); (M.P.-S.)
- ORALRES Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Materials (IMATUS), Avenida do Mestre Mateo, 25, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zhao X, Li Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhou H, Li F. Role of extracellular vesicles in pathogenesis and therapy of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115229. [PMID: 37506581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a complex disorder characterized by both intrinsic damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and extrinsic inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types that can transfer bioactive molecules to target cells and modulate their function. EVs have emerged as promising candidates for cell-free therapy of RIRI, owing to their ability to cross biological barriers and deliver protective signals to injured renal cells. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, focusing on their functional role in RIRI and the signaling messengers responsible for EV-mediated crosstalk between various cell types in renal tissue. We also discuss the renoprotective role of EVs and their use as therapeutic agents for RIRI, highlighting the advantages and challenges encountered in the therapeutic application of EVs in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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