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Abstract
Introduction Squamous carcinoma is the commonest malignancy of the head and neck region. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates downstream signaling pathways through its tyrosine kinase (TK) domains that play a role in cell proliferation and survival. EGFR mutations have been found to occur between exons 18 to 21 on chromosome 7. Limited studies are available on EGFR-TK mutations in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) globally. This study explores EGFR mutations in 30 HNSCC cases presenting to a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. Material and Methods Fresh tumor tissue was collected from the resection specimens of cases of primary HNSCC. Cases with pre-operative therapy were not included. Parameters in the form of patients' age, gender, smoking/tobacco intake, site of the lesion were recorded. Tumor parameters after histopathological examination were recorded in the form of TNM stage, tumor grade. DNA was extracted from fresh tissue of all the cases. EGFR Mutation Analysis Kit assay was used to detect mutations of the EGFR gene. PCR was run and results were analyzed. Results EGFR Mutations were found in 6.7%of the patients. There was no significant association of the EGFR Mutation with the studied parameters. Conclusion EGFR mutations are present in a subset of patients of HNSCC. Patients having these mutations may benefit from targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- INHS ASVINI, Department of Pathology, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepika Phogat
- 151 Base Hospital, Department of Pathology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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2
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Michmerhuizen NL, Owen JH, Heft Neal ME, Mann JE, Leonard E, Wang J, Zhai J, Jiang H, McHugh JB, Brenner JC, Prince MEP. Rationale for the advancement of PI3K pathway inhibitors for personalized chordoma therapy. J Neurooncol 2020; 147:25-35. [PMID: 32067197 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chordomas are rare and serious tumors with few effective treatments outside of aggressive surgery and radiation. Targeted therapies may present a more effective option for a subset of patients with lesions possessing certain genetic biomarkers. METHODS A small molecule inhibitor library was tested in patient-derived UM-Chor1 cells to identify targeted therapies with potential efficacy. Targeted exome sequencing of UM-Chor1 and UM-Chor2 cells was performed to investigate genetic aberrations in relevant pathways. Chordoma cell lines were treated with inhibitors of the phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) pathways, and responses were determined using resazurin cell viability assays, Annexin V apoptosis assays, and western blotting. Pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 was also tested in five chordoma xenograft models. RESULTS Unbiased small molecule profiling nominated PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors as a promising therapy in chordoma, and genetic analyses of UM-Chor1 and UM-Chor2 cell lines revealed aberrations in PTEN, EGFR, and CDKN2A. Treatment of UM-Chor1 and UM-Chor2 with targeted PI3K, EGFR, and CDK inhibitors inhibited growth and proliferation and induced apoptosis more robustly than imatinib, a currently used chordoma therapy. Furthermore, BKM120 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a subset of the xenograft models tested. CONCLUSION Targeted therapies, especially those inhibiting PI3K, display promising effects in multiple chordoma cell line and xenograft models. Nevertheless, the limited effects of PI3K, EGFR, and CDK targeting agents in other models reveal the presence of resistance mechanisms, which motivates future research to both identify biomarkers of response and develop combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J H Owen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - M E Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - J E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Leonard
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - M E P Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 E. Medical Center Dr., 9301B MSRB3, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-0602, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Mann JE, Kulkarni A, Birkeland AC, Kafelghazal J, Eisenberg J, Jewell BM, Ludwig ML, Spector ME, Jiang H, Carey TE, Brenner JC. The molecular landscape of the University of Michigan laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line panel. Head Neck 2019; 41:3114-3124. [PMID: 31090975 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs) have a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. Patient-derived cancer cell lines remain important preclinical models for advancement of new therapeutic strategies, and comprehensive characterization of these models is vital in the precision medicine era. METHODS We performed exome and transcriptome sequencing as well as copy number analysis of a panel of LSCC-derived cell lines that were established at the University of Michigan and are used in laboratories worldwide. RESULTS We observed a complex array of alterations consistent with those reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas head and neck squamous cell carcinoma project, including aberrations in PIK3CA, EGFR, CDKN2A, TP53, and NOTCH family and FAT1 genes. A detailed analysis of FAT family genes and associated pathways showed disruptions to these genes in most cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The molecular profiles we have generated indicate that as a whole, this panel recapitulates the molecular diversity observed in patients and will serve as useful guides in selecting cell lines for preclinical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Judy Kafelghazal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Julia Eisenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Brittany M Jewell
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui Jiang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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4
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Ludwig ML, Kulkarni A, Birkeland AC, Michmerhuizen NL, Foltin SK, Mann JE, Hoesli RC, Devenport SN, Jewell BM, Shuman AG, Spector ME, Carey TE, Jiang H, Brenner JC. The genomic landscape of UM-SCC oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Oral Oncol 2018; 87:144-151. [PMID: 30527230 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to describe the genetic complexity of 14 UM-SCC oral cavity cancer cell lines that have remained uncharacterized despite being used as model systems for decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed exome sequencing on 14 oral cavity UM-SCC cell lines and denote the mutational profile of each line. We used a SNP array to profile the multiple copy number variations of each cell line and use immunoblotting to compare alterations to protein expression of commonly amplified genes (EGFR, PIK3CA, etc.). RNA sequencing was performed to characterize the expression of genes with copy number alterations. RESULTS The cell lines displayed a highly complex network of genetic aberrations that was consistent with alterations identified in the HNSCC TCGA project including PIK3CA amplification, CDKN2A deletion, as well as TP53 and CASP8 mutations, enabling genetic stratification of each cell line in the panel. Copy number FISH and spectral karyotyping analysis demonstrate that cell lines retain chromosomal heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we developed an important resource for future oral cavity HNSCC cell line studies and highlight the complexity of genomic aberrations in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, United States
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | | | - Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Department of Pharmacology, United States
| | - Susan K Foltin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | - Jacqueline E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Department of Pathology, United States
| | - Rebecca C Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States
| | - Samantha N Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, United States
| | | | - Andrew G Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Matthew E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Department of Pharmacology, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, United States; Department of Pharmacology, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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5
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Smith J, Kulkarni A, Birkeland AC, McHugh JB, Brenner JC. Whole-Exome Sequencing of Sinonasal Small Cell Carcinoma Arising within a Papillary Schneiderian Carcinoma In Situ. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:859-865. [PMID: 29734873 PMCID: PMC6212311 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818774004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenetic underpinnings of extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (EPSCCs) of the head and neck are poorly understood. We sought to describe the clinical case and whole-exome DNA sequencing data of a patient with sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ whose tumor progressed to small cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN Case report and whole-exome sequencing of tumor DNA. SETTING Academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A 52-year-old man with sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ whose tumor progressed to small cell carcinoma. We performed whole-exome genetic sequencing and copy-number variation (CNV) analysis of tumor and normal DNA extracted from flash-frozen, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. RESULTS A total of 93 high-confidence, nonsynonymous somatic mutation events were identified in sinonasal SCC, including loss-of-function mutations in TP53, MAML3, a transcriptional coactivator of the Notch pathway, and GAS6, an activating ligand of the TAM family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Focal amplifications of chromosomal regions 6p25-11.1, containing SOX4 and VEGFA, and 14q32.1-32.3, containing AKT1 and the Notch inhibitory ligand DLK1, were also seen. Further CNV analysis revealed deletions in the critical cell cycle regulators CDKN2A, RB1, RBL1, and RBL2 and the chromatin modifier EP300. CONCLUSIONS Small cell carcinoma may rarely arise from sinonasal Schneiderian carcinoma in situ and exhibits similar genomic aberrations (eg, SOX amplification, Notch pathway inactivation) to pulmonary small cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jonathan B. McHugh
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J. Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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García-Carracedo D, Villaronga MÁ, Álvarez-Teijeiro S, Hermida-Prado F, Santamaría I, Allonca E, Suárez-Fernández L, Gonzalez MV, Balbín M, Astudillo A, Martínez-Camblor P, Su GH, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM. Impact of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation on the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29780-93. [PMID: 27119232 PMCID: PMC5045433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has emerged as one of the most frequently deregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Numerous alterations of various upstream and downstream components have been described; however, their prognostic significance and impact on HNSCC patient survival remains to be established. This was addressed using an unbiased cohort of 93 consecutive and homogeneous surgically treated HNSCC patients and results confirmed in 432 HNSCC patients. Our findings reveal the high prevalence of S6 phosphorylation, a surrogate marker of mTORC1 activation, in HNSCC specimens (>70%) and, more importantly, demonstrate its relevance on clinical outcome. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on either Ser235/236 or Ser240/244 was consistently and significantly correlated with favorable prognosis, although with differences depending on the tumor site. Thus, p-S6 expression was significantly correlated with better disease-specific survival specifically in the subgroup of laryngeal carcinoma patients (P< 0.001). In addition, multivariate regression models revealed p-S6 to be an inverse and independent predictor of lymph-node metastasis (P= 0.004) and distant metastasis (P= 0.006). Taken together, this study unveils an unprecedented correlation of mTOR activation with improved clinical outcome in patients with laryngeal carcinomas and uncovers the potential of p-S6 expression as a good prognostic biomarker and an inverse predictor of lymph node and distant metastases. These results should be of broad interest as immunohistochemical detection of p-S6 may help to stratify patients and guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío García-Carracedo
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Ángeles Villaronga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Saúl Álvarez-Teijeiro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Hermida-Prado
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iñigo Santamaría
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Milagros Balbín
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Gloria H Su
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juana María García-Pedrero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Li P, Bian XY, Chen Q, Yao XF, Wang XD, Zhang WC, Tao YJ, Jin R, Zhang L. Blocking of stromal interaction molecule 1 expression influence cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibit tumor growth in vivo in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177484. [PMID: 28494008 PMCID: PMC5426681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signal plays an important role in a variety of cancer cell metabolism, but knowledge on its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the principal Ca2+ entry mechanism that maintains calcium concentration and produces calcium signal in non-excitable cells. SOCE is triggered by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), which is located in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as Ca2+ sensor. Although, many studies demonstrated that STIM1 and SOCE play important functions in the regulation of many cancer progressions, their clinical relevance in HNSCC remains unclear. In this study, STIM1 expression levels notably increased in 89% HNSCC tissues compared with those in adjacent normal tissues. Meanwhile, this overexpression was close associated with tumor size but not with neck lymph node metastasis. Thus, this study mainly focuses on STIM1 function in HNSCC tumor growth. Three HNSCC cell lines, namely, TSCCA (oral cancer cell line) and Hep2 (laryngeal cell line) with high STIM1 expression levels and Tb3.1 (oral cancer cell line) with STIM1 expression level lower than previous two cell lines, were selected for in vitro study. Downregulated STIM1 expression levels in TSCCA and Hep2 arrested cells in G0/G1 stages, promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. By contrast, upregulated STIM1 expression in Tb3.1 inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell proliferation. Induced by thapsigargin (TG), ER stress was amplified when STIM1 expression was downregulated but was attenuated as STIM1 expression was upregulated. Furthermore, TSCCA cell xenograft models confirmed that STIM1 could promote HNSCC tumor growth in vivo. The present study provides new insight into HNSCC molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic target through targeting SOCE-dependent process. However, whether STIM1 participates in HNSCC metastasis requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-yan Bian
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- Cardiopulmonary Function Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- Cardiopulmonary Function Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-feng Yao
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-dong Wang
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-chao Zhang
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-jie Tao
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Departments of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, the People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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8
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Hoesli RC, Ludwig ML, Michmerhuizen NL, Rosko AJ, Spector ME, Brenner JC, Birkeland AC. Genomic sequencing and precision medicine in head and neck cancers. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2017; 43:884-892. [PMID: 28034498 PMCID: PMC5393934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a common and deadly disease. Historically, surgical and chemoradiation treatments have been met with modest success, and understanding of genetic drivers of HNSCC has been limited. With recent next generation sequencing studies focused on HNSCC, we are beginning to understand the genetic landscape of HNSCCs and are starting to identify and advance targeted options for patients. In this review, we describe current knowledge and recent advances in sequencing studies of HNSCC, discuss current limitations and future directions for further genomic analysis, and highlight the translational advances being undertaken to treat this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A J Rosko
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Birkeland AC, Burgin SJ, Yanik M, Scott MV, Bradford CR, McHugh JB, McLean SA, Sullivan SE, Nor JE, McKean EL, Brenner JC. Pathogenetic Analysis of Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcomas Reveal Actionable β-catenin Overexpression and a β-catenin Mutation. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2017; 78:346-352. [PMID: 28725522 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcomas are rare, aggressive tumors of the skull base. Treatment options are limited and outcomes are poor. Little is known in regard to the genetic factors regulating these tumors. Characterization of actionable molecular alterations in these tumors could provide potentially successful therapeutic options. Methods We performed targeted exome sequencing on an index sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma specimen to identify potential driver mutations. We performed immunohistochemical stains for β-catenin on paraffin-embedded tissue on the index tumor and a subsequent teratocarcinosarcoma. Online databases of cancer mutations (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer and The Cancer Genome Atlas) were accessed. Results We identified an activating p.S45F mutation in β-catenin in our index sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. This mutation results in constitutive signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We confirmed β-catenin overexpression and nuclear localization via immunohistochemistry in the index tumor and a second patient. The p.S45F activating mutation was found in a variety of solid tumors, and accounts for 3.3 to 10.4% of all known β-catenin mutations. Conclusion We identified a potential driver mutation in β-catenin in a sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma, resulting in β-catenin overexpression. These findings suggest a role for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma tumorigenesis and a role for anti-β-catenin targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Sarah J Burgin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Megan Yanik
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Megan V Scott
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Scott A McLean
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Stephen E Sullivan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Jacques E Nor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Erin L McKean
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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10
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Birkeland AC, Foltin SK, Michmerhuizen NL, Hoesli RC, Rosko AJ, Byrd S, Yanik M, Nor JE, Bradford CR, Prince ME, Carey TE, McHugh JB, Spector ME, Brenner JC. Correlation of Crtc1/3-Maml2 fusion status, grade and survival in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2017; 68:5-8. [PMID: 28438292 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary glands. Tumor stage and grade have historically been important predictors of survival. An oncogenic CRTC1- or CRTC3-MAML2 gene fusion has been identified in a number of MECs. Historically, these gene fusions have been associated with lower grade tumors and better survival. However, reported gene fusion rates and prognosis varies widely across studies, and have not controlled for tumor grade. We sought to identify gene fusion rates and outcomes in our cohort of MEC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS An IRB-approved retrospective cohort of patients with MEC was identified at the University of Michigan. Clinical, histologic, and outcome data was collected from medical records. RNA was isolated from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tumor sections, and qRT-PCR was performed to identify CRTC1/3-MAML2 gene fusions. Sanger sequencing of qRT-PCR products was used to confirm gene fusions. RESULTS Overall, 90 patient MEC tumors were collected (58 low-grade, 25 intermediate-grade, and 7 high-grade). Gene fusions were identified in 59% (53/90) of tumors. On univariate and bivariate analysis, fusion status did not significantly associate with grade or survival. CONCLUSION We have identified a high rate of CRTC1/3-MAML2 gene fusions in a large cohort of MEC. We do not identify any correlation between fusion status with tumor grade or survival. These findings suggest further characterization of MECs is needed before considering the CRTC1/3-MAML2 gene fusion as a prognostic biomarker. Additional genetic drivers may account for survival and grade in MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Susan K Foltin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rebecca C Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Andrew J Rosko
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Serena Byrd
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Megan Yanik
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jacques E Nor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jonathan B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Matthew E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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11
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Mann JE, Hoesli R, Michmerhuizen NL, Devenport SN, Ludwig ML, Vandenberg TR, Matovina C, Jawad N, Mierzwa M, Shuman AG, Spector ME, Brenner JC. Surveilling the Potential for Precision Medicine-driven PD-1/PD-L1-targeted Therapy in HNSCC. J Cancer 2017; 8:332-344. [PMID: 28261333 PMCID: PMC5332883 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is becoming an accepted treatment modality for many patients with cancer and is now approved for use in platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Despite these successes, a minority of patients with HNSCC receiving immunotherapy respond to treatment, and few undergo a complete response. Thus, there is a critical need to identify mechanisms regulating immune checkpoints in HNSCC such that one can predict who will benefit, and so novel combination strategies can be developed for non-responders. Here, we review the immunotherapy and molecular genetics literature to describe what is known about immune checkpoints in common genetic subsets of HNSCC. We highlight several highly recurrent genetic lesions that may serve as biomarkers or targets for combination immunotherapy in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - R Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - S N Devenport
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - T R Vandenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - C Matovina
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - N Jawad
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - A G Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Ribeiro IP, Barroso L, Marques F, Melo JB, Carreira IM. Early detection and personalized treatment in oral cancer: the impact of omics approaches. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:85. [PMID: 27895714 PMCID: PMC5120562 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is one of the most common malignant lesions of the head and neck. This cancer is an aggressive and lethal disease with no significant improvements in the overall survival in the last decades. Moreover, the incidence of oral HPV-positive tumors is rising, especially in young people. This oral neoplasm develops through numerous molecular imbalances that affect key genes and signaling pathways; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of oral tumors are still to be fully determined. In order to improve the quality of life and long-term survival rate of these patients, it is vital to establish accurate biomarkers that help in the early diagnosis, prognosis and development of target treatments. Such biomarkers may possibly allow for selection of patients that will benefit from each therapy modality, helping in the optimization of intensity and sequence of the treatments in order to decrease side effects and improve survival. CONCLUSION In this review we discuss the current knowledge of oral cancer and the potential role of omics approaches to identify molecular biomarkers in the improvement of early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The pursuit to improve the quality of life and decrease mortality rates of the oral patients needs to be centralized on the identification of critical genes in oral carcinogenesis. Understanding the molecular biology of oral cancer is vital for search new therapies, being the molecular-targeted therapies the most promising treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilda Patrícia Ribeiro
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Leonor Barroso
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, EPE, Coimbra, 3000-075 Portugal
| | - Francisco Marques
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-075 Portugal
- Stomatology Unit, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, CHUC, EPE, Coimbra, 3000-075 Portugal
| | - Joana Barbosa Melo
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
- CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Environment Genetics and Oncobiology - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-354 Portugal
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13
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Yalniz Z, Demokan S, Karabulut B, Ulusan M, Suoglu Y, Dalay N. Copy number profiling of tumor suppressor genes in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2016; 39:341-346. [PMID: 27696595 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and reliable new biomarkers are needed in head and neck cancer to predict the outcome and for therapy that is more effective. Copy number alterations are frequent and play a critical role in cancer. METHODS Copy number alterations of 24 tumor suppressor genes in head and neck cancer were analyzed simultaneously in matched tumor and normal samples from 93 patients using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). RESULTS Chromosomes 3p and 9p displayed the most common alterations. The gene displaying most frequent losses was the mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) gene, followed by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and CDKN2B genes. A significant correlation was observed between the CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)3 gene alterations were observed in 8 tumors. CONCLUSION Our data confirm previous observations and suggest that losses of the MLH1 and CDKN2 genes and alterations of the TIMP3 gene play an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 341-346, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyde Yalniz
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Demokan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burak Karabulut
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ulusan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Suoglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nejat Dalay
- Department of Basic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Michmerhuizen NL, Birkeland AC, Bradford CR, Brenner JC. Genetic determinants in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and their influence on global personalized medicine. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:182-200. [PMID: 27551333 PMCID: PMC4979591 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While sequencing studies have provided an improved understanding of the genetic landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), there remains a significant lack of genetic data derived from non-Caucasian cohorts. Additionally, there is wide variation in HNSCC incidence and mortality worldwide both between and within various geographic regions. These epidemiologic differences are in part accounted for by varying exposure to environmental risk factors such as tobacco, alcohol, high risk human papilloma viruses and betel quid. However, inherent genetic factors may also play an important role in this variability. As limited sequencing data is available for many populations, the involvement of unique genetic factors in HNSCC pathogenesis from epidemiologically diverse groups is unknown. Here, we review current knowledge about the epidemiologic, environmental, and genetic variation in HNSCC cohorts globally and discuss future studies necessary to further our understanding of these differences. Long-term, a more complete understanding of the genetic drivers found in diverse HNSCC cohorts may help the development of personalized medicine protocols for patients with rare or complex genetic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Birkeland AC, Swiecicki PL, Brenner JC, Shuman AG. A review of drugs in development for the personalized treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016; 1:379-385. [PMID: 28251187 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1208050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains a highly morbid and fatal disease, with poor survival rates among patients with advanced and recurrent disease. Recent advances in next generation sequencing, targeted therapeutics, and precision medicine trials are expanding treatment options for head and neck cancers; thus greater awareness of this rapidly evolving field is important. AREAS COVERED Recent next-generation sequencing studies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, targeted therapy clinical trials involving head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. EXPERT COMMENTARY This review discusses the current state of head and neck cancer treatment, and considerations and implications for the incorporation of personalized medicine and targeted therapy for head and neck cancers in a dynamic clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Birkeland
- Head and Neck Translational Oncology Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul L Swiecicki
- Head and Neck Translational Oncology Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Head and Neck Translational Oncology Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew G Shuman
- Head and Neck Translational Oncology Laboratory, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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16
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Michmerhuizen NL, Leonard E, Kulkarni A, Brenner JC. Differential compensation mechanisms define resistance to PI3K inhibitors in PIK3CA amplified HNSCC. OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2016; 1:44-50. [PMID: 28004037 PMCID: PMC5167357 DOI: 10.15761/ohns.1000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent sequencing studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have identified the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway as the most frequently mutated, oncogenic pathway in this cancer type. Despite the frequency of activating genomic alterations in PIK3CA (the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3K, targeted inhibitors of PI3K have not shown clinical efficacy as monotherapies. We hypothesized that co-dependent pathways, including the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway, may still be functional in the presence of PI3K inhibitors and might serve as mediators of this resistance. METHODS We assessed the hypothesis using resazurin cell viability and trypan blue exclusion assays. We also used Western blot to characterize Ras-MEK-ERK pathway activity. STUDY DESIGN We evaluated this hypothesis in six PIK3CA-amplified, PI3K inhibitor-resistant HNSCC cell lines following treatment with pan and alpha-isoform selective PI3K inhibitors (BKM120 and HS-173 respectively). We also tested the effect of combination treatment with PI3K inhibitor HS-173 and MEK inhibitor trametinib or EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. RESULTS Our results displayed maintenance of Ras-MEK-ERK pathway activity in 4 of 6 HNSCC cell lines after PI3K inhibitor treatment. We also found that UM-SCC-69 and UM-SCC-108 cells display synergistic responses to dual therapy. CONCLUSION This study suggests that inhibition of the PI3K and Ras-MEK-ERK pathways might be effective in some HNSCC patients; however, it also prompts the study of additional resistance mechanisms to identify synergistic combination therapies for tumors resistant to these di-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Michmerhuizen
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - J. Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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17
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Ludwig ML, Birkeland AC, Hoesli R, Swiecicki P, Spector ME, Brenner JC. Changing the paradigm: the potential for targeted therapy in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:87-100. [PMID: 27144065 PMCID: PMC4850131 DOI: 10.28092/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains a highly morbid and fatal disease. Historically, it has been a model example for organ preservation and treatment stratification paradigms. Unfortunately, survival for LSCC has stagnated over the past few decades. As the era of next-generation sequencing and personalized treatment for cancer approaches, LSCC may be an ideal disease for consideration of further treatment stratification and personalization. Here, we will discuss the important history of LSCC as a model system for organ preservation, unique and potentially targetable genetic signatures of LSCC, and methods for bringing stratified, personalized treatment strategies to the 21(st) century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrew C. Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoesli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Paul Swiecicki
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew E. Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J. Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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18
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Birkeland AC, Ludwig ML, Spector ME, Brenner JC. The potential for tumor suppressor gene therapy in head and neck cancer. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2016; 21:41-47. [PMID: 26896601 PMCID: PMC4772772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma remains a highly morbid and fatal disease. Importantly, genomic sequencing of head and neck cancers has identified frequent mutations in tumor suppressor genes. While targeted therapeutics increasingly are being investigated in head and neck cancer, the majority of these agents are against overactive/overexpressed oncogenes. Therapy to restore lost tumor suppressor gene function remains a key and under-addressed niche in trials for head and neck cancer. Recent advances in gene editing have captured the interest of both the scientific community and the public. As our technology for gene editing and gene expression modulation improves, addressing lost tumor suppressor gene function in head and neck cancers is becoming a reality. This review will summarize new techniques, challenges to implementation, future directions, and ethical ramifications of gene therapy in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew E Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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