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Deshmukh R, Prajapati M, Harwansh RK. Management of Colorectal Cancer Using Nanocarriers-based Drug Delivery for Herbal Bioactives: Current and Emerging Approaches. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:599-622. [PMID: 38807329 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010242028231002075512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and multifactorial disorder in middle-aged people. Several modern medicines are available for treating and preventing it. However, their therapeutic uses are limited due to drawbacks, such as gastric perforation, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, abdominal cramps, hair loss, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and adverse reactions. Hence, there is a continuous quest for safe and effective medicines to manage human health problems, like CRC. In this context, herbal medicines are considered an alternative disease control system. It has become popular in countries, like American, European, and Asian, due to its safety and effectiveness, which has been practiced for 1000 years. During the last few decades, herbal medicines have been widely explored through multidisciplinary fields for getting active compounds against human diseases. Several herbal bioactives, like curcumin, glycyrrhizin, paclitaxel, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, berberine, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, chrysin, resveratrol, quercetin, etc., have been found to be effective against CRC. However, their pharmacological applications are limited due to low bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy apart from their several health benefits. An effective delivery system is required to increase their bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, targeted novel drug delivery approaches are promising for improving these substances' solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic effects. Novel carrier systems, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, microspheres, dendrimers, microbeads, and hydrogels, are promising for delivering poorly soluble drugs to the target site, i.e., the colon. Thus, the present review is focused on the pathophysiology, molecular pathways, and diagnostic and treatment approaches for CRC. Moreover, an emphasis has been laid especially on herbal bioactive-based novel delivery systems and their clinical updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Mahendra Prajapati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
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2
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Choudhury A, Singh PA, Bajwa N, Dash S, Bisht P. Pharmacovigilance of herbal medicines: Concerns and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116383. [PMID: 36918049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of herbal medicines for prophylaxis, prevention, and treatment of various ailments is rising throughout the world because they are thought to be safer than allopathic treatments, which they are. However, several investigations have documented the toxicity and adverse drug reactions (ADR) of certain formulations and botanicals if not consumed wisely. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of the current study is to address herbal medication pharmacovigilance (PV) modeling and related considerations for improved patient safety. Also, focus is laid on the comprehensive and critical analysis of the current state of PV for herbal medications at the national and international levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Targeted review also known as focused literature review methodology was utilized for exploring the data from various scientific platforms such as Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer, PubMed, Google Scholar using "pharmacovigilance, herbal medicine, traditional medicine, ADR, under reporting, herb toxicity, herb interactions" as keywords along with standard literature pertaining to herbal medicines that is published by the WHO and other international and national organizations etc. The botanical names mentioned in the present article were authenticated using World Flora Online database. RESULTS The historical developments paving the way for PV in regulatory setup were also discussed, along with various criteria's for monitoring herbal medicine, ADR of herbs, phytoconstituents, and traditional medicines, herb-drug interactions, modes of reporting ADR, databases for reporting ADR's, provisions of PV in regulatory framework of different nations, challenges and way forward in PV are discussed in detail advocating a robust drug safety ecosystem for herbal medicines. CONCLUSION Despite recent efforts to encourage the reporting of suspected ADRs linked to herbal medicines, such as expanding the programme and adding community pharmacists and other healthcare professionals as recognized reporters, the number of herbal ADR reports received by the regulatory bodies remains comparatively low. Since users often do not seek professional advice or report if they have side effects, under-reporting, is anticipated to be significant for herbal medications. There are inadequate quality control methods, poor regulatory oversight considering herbs used in food and botanicals, and unregulated distribution channels. In addition, botanical identity, traceability of herbs, ecological concerns, over-the-counter (OTC) herbal medicines, patient-physicians barriers requires special focus by the regulatory bodies for improved global safety of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Choudhury
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - Neha Bajwa
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Subhransu Dash
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Bisht
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
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Posadino AM, Giordo R, Ramli I, Zayed H, Nasrallah GK, Wehbe Z, Eid AH, Gürer ES, Kennedy JF, Aldahish AA, Calina D, Razis AFA, Modu B, Habtemariam S, Sharifi-Rad J, Pintus G, Cho WC. An updated overview of cyanidins for chemoprevention and cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114783. [PMID: 37121149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are colored polyphenolic compounds that belong to the flavonoids family and are largely present in many vegetables and fruits. They have been used in traditional medicine in many cultures for a long time. The most common and abundant anthocyanins are those presenting an O-glycosylation at C-3 (C ring) of the flavonoid skeleton to form -O-β-glucoside derivatives. The present comprehensive review summarized recent data on the anticancer properties of cyanidings along with natural sources, phytochemical data, traditional medical applications, molecular mechanisms and recent nanostrategies to increase the bioavailability and anticancer effects of cyanidins. For this analysis, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies published up to the year 2022 were sourced from scientific databases and search engines such as PubMed/Medline, Google scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley and TRIP database. Cyanidins' antitumor properties are exerted during different stages of carcinogenesis and are based on a wide variety of biological activities. The data gathered and discussed in this review allows for affirming that cyanidins have relevant anticancer activity in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Future research should focus on studies that bring new data on improving the bioavailability of anthocyanins and on conducting detailed translational pharmacological studies to accurately establish the effective anticancer dose in humans as well as the correct route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Posadino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberta Giordo
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Iman Ramli
- Département de Biologie Animale, Université des frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zena Wehbe
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Research Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Afaf Ahmed Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Asir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Babagana Modu
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, 1069 Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | | | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Kumar M, Hasan M, Lorenzo JM, Dhumal S, Nishad J, Rais N, Verma A, Changan S, Barbhai MD, Radha, Chandran D, Pandiselvam R, Senapathy M, Dey A, Pradhan PC, Mohankumar P, Deshmukh VP, Amarowicz R, Mekhemar M, Zhang B. Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) seed bioactives and its biological activities: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Han L, Yan Y, Fan M, Gao S, Zhang L, Xiong X, Li R, Xiao X, Wang X, Ni L, Tong D, Huang C, Cao Y, Yang J. Pt3R5G inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation through inducing ferroptosis by down-regulating SLC7A11. Life Sci 2022; 306:120859. [PMID: 35931199 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colon cancer (CC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide and is one of the most easily altered cancers by dietary regulation. Petunidin 3-O-[rhamnopyranosyl-(trans-p-coumaroyl)]-5-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) (Pt3R5G) isolated and purified from Lycium ruthenicum Murray, which exhibits highly efficient antioxidant activity and specific anticancer effects, is the flavonoids compound. We aimed to study the effect of Pt3R5G on CC cells and elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis were performed by flow cytometry. RNA-sequencing was performed to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms. The lipid peroxidation level of cells was detected by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay. The mitochondrial morphology of cells was inspected using a transmission electron microscope. Additionally, we overexpressed SLC7A11 to perform rescue experiments. In vivo, xenograft mice assay was performed to verify the effect of Pt3R5G on the growth of colon cancer. KEY FINDINGS Pt3R5G reduced the cell activity by blocking the cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, inducing the apoptosis and ferroptosis in RKO cells. The overexpressed of SLC7A11, a significantly down-regulated expression gene caused by Pt3R5G, rescued the cell proliferation inhibition and ferroptosis process. Furthermore, Pt3R5G inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Our study suggests that Pt3R5G inhibits RKO cell proliferation through mainly reducing ferroptosis by down-regulated SLC7A11. SIGNIFICANCE As a potential therapeutic drug, Pt3R5G showed efficient anticancer activity through a variety of pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yamei Yan
- Goji berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Meiyang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shanfeng Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofan Xiong
- Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port in Precision Medicine Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Rufeng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Dongdong Tong
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- Goji berry Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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6
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Wu CF, Wu CY, Lin CF, Liu YW, Lin TC, Liao HJ, Chang GR. The anticancer effects of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside combined with 5-fluorouracil on lung large-cell carcinoma in nude mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113128. [PMID: 35609368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The haskap (Lonicera caerulea L., Caprifoliaceae) berry has been widely used in traditional medicine in Kuril Islands, Russia, Japan, and China. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant anthocyanin in haskap berries, and C3G induces antiproliferative pharmacological activity in various cancer cells. However, no study has investigated its anti-lung large-cell carcinoma (LCC) pharmacological role. Therefore, this study determined whether C3G alone or C3G combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inhibits human lung LCC. We determined the tumor growth, apoptosis, inflammation, and metastasis in the H661 lung LCC lines xenografted into BALB/c nude mice. The mice were administered saline (control), 5-FU, C3G, or both C3G and 5-FU. Relative to the control mice, those treated with C3G alone or both C3G and 5-FU exhibited impaired tumor growth; increased tumor apoptosis; decreased inflammatory cytokine levels (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, and IL-6); decreased inflammation-related factors, including cyclooxygenase-2 protein and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mRNA; increased inhibition of NF-κB kinase α mRNA; and downregulated metastasis-related factors, such as transforming growth factor-β, CD44, epidermal growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, C3G alone or combined with 5-FU affected the expression of the tumor microenvironment-related factors Ki67, CD45, PDL1, and CD73. Compared with the mice treated with 5-FU or C3G alone, those treated with both C3G and 5-FU exhibited significantly impaired tumor growth, decreased tumor sizes, and increased tumor inhibition. This in vivo study demonstrated that C3G alone or combined with 5-FU may impair the growth of lung LCC and inhibit tumorigenesis. The findings indicate that C3G alone or C3G combined with 5-FU may be beneficial for treating human lung LCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Wu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yang Wu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 5 Fuxing Street, Guishan District, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Wen Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
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Abbas MW, Hussain M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Qamar M, Shafiq Z, Esatbeyoglu T. Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Cancer, and Toxicity Assessment of Tribulus terrestris-In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1160. [PMID: 35740057 PMCID: PMC9219970 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae and integral part of various ancient medicinal systems including Chinese, Indian, and European to combat various health ailments. The aim of the present study was to assess the phytochemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 assays, in vitro anticancer activity using MTT assay, and in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of T. terrestris. The acute and sub-acute toxicity of extracts exhibiting most biological potential was examined using murine models. Liquid-liquid partitioning followed by RP-HPLC sub-fraction of crude extract was performed. After that, ESI-MS/MS analysis was done for the timid identification of bioactive metabolites responsible for bioactivities of sub-fractions and HPLC analysis to quantify the compounds using external standards. Among all extracts, T. terrestris methanol extract was noted to hold maximum phenolic (341.3 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (209 mg QE/g) contents, antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 71.4 µg/mL), FRAP (35.3 mmol/g), and H2O2 (65.3% inhibition) assays, anti-inflammatory activities in vitro at 400 µg/mL (heat-induced hemolysis, % inhibition 68.5; egg albumin denaturation, % inhibition 75.6%; serum albumin denaturation, % inhibition 80.2), and in vivo at 200 mg/kg (carrageenan-induced paw edema, % inhibition 69.3%; formaldehyde-induced paw edema, % inhibition 71.3%) and anticancer activity against breast cancer cell (MCF-7) proliferation (IC50 74.1 µg/mL). Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies recorded with no change in body weight, behavior, hematological, serum, and histopathological parameters in treated rats with T. terrestris methanol extracts when compared to control group. Fraction B obtained through liquid-liquid partitioning resulted in more bioactive potential as compared to the parent methanol extract. RP-HPLC analysis of fraction B resulted with four sub-fractions (TBTMF1-TBTMF4), wherein TBTMF3 delineated notable bioactive capabilities as compared to other fractions and parent methanol extract. ESI-MS/MS analysis of TBTMF3 resulted with tentative identification of myricetin, rutin, liquitrigenin, physcion, and protodioscin. It can be stated that T. terrestris is a potential bearing herb and findings of current study further verify the claims made in ancient medicinal systems. However, after investigation of each identified compound, it must be considered for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Waseem Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.W.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.W.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.W.A.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Prabhakar P, Pavankumar GS, Raghu SV, Rao S, Prasad K, George T, Baliga MS. Utility of Indian fruits in cancer prevention and treatment: Time to undertake translational and bedside studies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1543-1560. [PMID: 35652402 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220601151931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts a 70% increase in cancer incidents in developing nations over the next decade, and it will be the second leading cause of death worldwide. Traditional plant-based medicine systems play an important role against various diseases and provide health care to a large section of the population in developing countries. Indigenous fruits and their bioactive compounds with beneficial effects like antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory are shown to be useful in preventing the incidence of cancer. India is one of the biodiversity regions and is native to numerous flora and fauna in the world. Of the many fruiting trees indigenous to India, Mango (Mangifera indica), Black plum (Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana), Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica), kokum (Garcinia indica or Brindonia indica), stone apple or bael (Aegle marmelos), Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Karaunda (Carissa carandas) and Phalsa (Grewia asiatica), Monkey Jackfruit (Artocarpus lakoocha) and Elephant apple (Dillenia indica) have been shown to be beneficial in preventing cancer and in the treatment of cancer in validated preclinical models of study. In this review, efforts are also made to collate the fruits' anticancer effects and the important phytochemicals. Efforts are also made at emphasizing the underlying mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects in cancer prevention and treatment. These fruits have been a part of the diet, are non-toxic, and easily acceptable for human application. The plants and some of their phytochemicals possess diverse medicinal properties. The authors propose that future studies should be directed at detailed studies with various preclinical models of study with both composite fruit extract/juice and the individual phytochemicals. Additionally, translational studies should be planned with the highly beneficial, well-investigated and pharmacologically multifactorial amla to understand its usefulness as a cancer preventive in the high-risk population and as a supportive agent in cancer survivors. The outcome of both preclinical and clinical studies will be useful for patients, the healthcare fraternity, pharmaceutical, and agro-based sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prabhakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Sheikhpura, Patna, Bihar, 800014, India
| | - Giriyapura Srikantachar Pavankumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, India.,Sri Lakshmi Group of Institution, Magadi Main Road, Sunkadakatte, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Konaje, Karnataka India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, c Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medical Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas George
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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9
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Ahmad N, Qamar M, Yuan Y, Nazir Y, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Dietary Polyphenols: Extraction, Identification, Bioavailability, and Role for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal and Prostate Cancers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092831. [PMID: 35566182 PMCID: PMC9104150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fruits, vegetables, and other edible plants in our diet have numerous health benefits, due to the bioactive compounds in these food items, including polyphenols. These plants are a rich and promising source of natural products and phytochemicals that can be used to treat and prevent numerous diseases and prevent the progression of cancer. Dietary polyphenols exhibit chemo-preventive and therapeutic effects against various ailments, including several types of cancer. The current study focuses on polyphenol’s traditional and advanced extraction methods, with supercritical extraction as a novel approach. It also deals with their identification, bioavailability, and role in preventing and treating colorectal and prostate cancers. Additionally, the article covers the literature that deals with the anticancer activities of polyphenols, as well as their potential use as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Multan College of Food & Nutrition Sciences, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan 60000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.); Tel.: +962-791016126 (M.S.M.)
| | - Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51300, Pakistan;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.); Tel.: +962-791016126 (M.S.M.)
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (N.A.); (P.W.); (M.S.M.); Tel.: +962-791016126 (M.S.M.)
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10
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The effect of different solvents and acidifying reagents on the anthocyanin profiles and antioxidant capacity of purple corn. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Antiinflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Grewia asiatica Crude Extracts and Fractions: A Bioassay-Guided Approach. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2277417. [PMID: 35386306 PMCID: PMC8979695 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2277417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was an extension of our earlier work on antiinflammatory and anticancer properties of G. asiatica fruit. We aimed to develop a bioassay guided multistep purification technique for producing bioactive fractions of G. asiatica crude extracts. Dried fruit powder was sequentially fractionated with 100% dichloromethane, 100% methanol (MeOH), and 50% MeOH. Active extracts were subjected to liquid-liquid partitioning followed by subfractionation using RP-HPLC. Antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities of the fruit extracts, and their potent fractions were evaluated in vitro, while identification of compounds from the bioactive fractions was performed by ESI-MS/MS analysis. The amount of the identified compounds present was confirmed using external standards adopting a simple, accurate, and rapid analytical HPLC method. The results showed that 100% and 50% MeOH extracts possessed bioactivity; one of which (the 50% MeOH extract) displayed potent activity in all in vitro bioassays. MeOH extract (50%) derived fraction C and hydroalcoholic fraction 5 (GAHAF5) were observed to possess higher antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and in vitro anticancer activity. IC50 of GAHAF5 against MCF-7, HEp-2, and NCI-H522 cancer cells was recorded as 26.2, 51.4, and 63 μg/mL, respectively. ESI-MS/MS and HPLC analysis identified catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and morin as potential bioactive compounds in the GAHAF5 fraction with concentrations of 1230, 491, 957, and 130 μg/g, respectively. The findings indicated that G. asiatica bioactive fractions possessed antiinflammatory activity in vitro and were cytotoxic against breast cancer, lung cancer, and laryngeal cancer cell lines.
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12
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Qamar M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Wahid M, Abbas MW, Mubarak MS, Yuan Y, Barnard RT, Ziora ZM, Esatbeyoglu T. Phytochemical Profile, Biological Properties, and Food Applications of the Medicinal Plant Syzygium cumini. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030378. [PMID: 35159528 PMCID: PMC8834268 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini, locally known as Jamun in Asia, is a fruit-bearing crop belonging to the Myrtaceae family. This study aims to summarize the most recent literature related to botany, traditional applications, phytochemical ingredients, pharmacological activities, nutrition, and potential food applications of S. cumini. Traditionally, S. cumini has been utilized to combat diabetes and dysentery, and it is given to females with a history of abortions. Anatomical parts of S. cumini exhibit therapeutic potentials including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimalarial, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities attributed to the presence of various primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids (i.e., quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol), phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, petunidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside). Different fruit parts of S. cumini have been employed to enhance the nutritional and overall quality of jams, jellies, wines, and fermented products. Today, S. cumini is also used in edible films. So, we believe that S. cumini’s anatomical parts, extracts, and isolated compounds can be used in the food industry with applications in food packaging and as food additives. Future research should focus on the isolation and purification of compounds from S. cumini to treat various disorders. More importantly, clinical trials are required to develop low-cost medications with a low therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (S.A.); (T.I.)
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.Q.); (S.A.); (T.I.)
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, P.O. Box 188, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Malik Waseem Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | | | - Ye Yuan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (Y.Y.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Ross T. Barnard
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (Y.Y.); (Z.M.Z.)
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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13
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Sebben DA, MacWilliams SV, Yu L, Spicer PT, Bulone V, Krasowska M, Beattie DA. Influence of Aqueous Phase Composition on Double Emulsion Stability and Colour Retention of Encapsulated Anthocyanins. Foods 2021; 11:foods11010034. [PMID: 35010160 PMCID: PMC8750255 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsions (double emulsions) have often been used for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins. Instability of both anthocyanins and double emulsions creates a need for a tailored composition of the aqueous phase. In this work, double emulsions with a gelled internal water phase were produced and monitored over a 20-day storage period. The effect of the electrolyte phase composition (varying electrolyte components, including adipic acid, citric acid, and varying concentration of potassium chloride (KCl)) on anthocyanin and double emulsion stability was analysed using colour analysis, droplet sizing, and emulsion rheology. The effect of electrolytes on colour retention was shown to differ between the primary W1/O emulsion and the secondary W1/O/W2 emulsion. Furthermore, droplet size analysis and emulsion rheology highlighted significant differences in the stability and structural behaviour of the emulsions as a function of electrolyte composition. In terms of colour retention and emulsion stability, a citrate-buffered system performed best. The results of this study highlight the importance of strict control of aqueous phase constituents to prevent anthocyanin degradation and maximise double emulsion stability. Additional experiments analysed the effect of pectin chemistry on the anthocyanin colour retention and leakage, finding no conclusive difference between the unmodified and amidated pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien A. Sebben
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (D.A.S.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Stephanie V. MacWilliams
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (D.A.S.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Long Yu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (L.Y.); (V.B.)
| | - Patrick T. Spicer
- Complex Fluids Group, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Vincent Bulone
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia; (L.Y.); (V.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marta Krasowska
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (D.A.S.); (S.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.A.B.)
| | - David A. Beattie
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, Mawson Lakes Campus, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; (D.A.S.); (S.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.A.B.)
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14
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Shi N, Chen X, Chen T. Anthocyanins in Colorectal Cancer Prevention Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101600. [PMID: 34679735 PMCID: PMC8533526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big health burden worldwide. Nutrition and dietary factors are known to affect colorectal cancer development and prognosis. The protective roles of diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been previously reported to contain high levels of cancer-fighting phytochemicals. Anthocyanins are the most abundant flavonoid compounds that are responsible for the bright colors of most blue, purple, and red fruits and vegetables, and have been shown to contribute to the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer and other chronic diseases. Berries and grapes are the most common anthocyanin-rich fruits with antitumor effects. The antitumor effects of anthocyanins are determined by their structures and bioavailability as well as how they are metabolized. In this review, we aimed to discuss the preventive as well as therapeutic potentials of anthocyanins in CRC. We summarized the antitumor effects of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of action. We also discussed the potential pharmaceutical application of anthocyanins in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 700 George St., Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, 13th Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-685-9119
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15
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Evaluation of the Anti-cancer Effect of Syzygium cumini Ethanolic Extract on HT-29 Colorectal Cell Line. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:575-581. [PMID: 32506290 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GLOBOCAN 2018 data indicates the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer that is the third lethal and fourth most diagnosed cancer in the world. There has been significant progress in cancer therapy while the ability of cancerous cells to survive is one of the main challenges in cancer research. Still, conventional therapies like surgery, chemo, and radiotherapy are widely used options. Therefore, efforts put in action by researchers in the field of drug design, molecular genetics, and biomedicine to come across safer substances with the minimum unwanted side effects to be utilized in cancer treatment. Plant-derived compounds are ideal options as they might have a better outcome with minimal side effects. METHODS In the current research, the anti-cancer effect of Syzygium cumini ethanolic extract (SCE) was evaluated on the HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line. To this end, the apoptosis rate and proliferation of HT-29 cell lines after exposure to SCE were investigated through MTT, and other methods including DNA damage assessment and scratch test also employed to evaluate the metastasis and cell migration capacity of HT-29 after treatment with SCE. Behind that, expression ration of genes involved in the process of apoptosis has been studied, including Bax and Bcl-2 that were measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Based on the MTT test, SCE suppresses the growth of HT-29 cell lines drastically. Expression analysis of the ratio of desired genes (Bax: Bcl-2) also changed significantly after treatment by SCE. DNA damage test confirmed DNA lost its integrity and gone through apoptosis, and wound healing suggests the lower change of metastasis after treatment by SCE. CONCLUSION The outcome of this study suggests that Syzygium cumini might be contemplating as a future chemotherapeutic agent and suitable candidate for in vivo trial.
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Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Rao S, Venkatesh P, Hegde SK, D'souza RK, Baliga-Rao MP, Simon P, Baliga M. Indian Indigenous Fruits as Radioprotective Agents: Past, Present and Future. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:53-63. [PMID: 34229590 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706124315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ionising radiation has been an important modality in cancer treatment and its value is immense when surgical intervention is risky or might debilitate/adversely affect the patient. However, the beneficial effect of radiation modality is negated by the damage to the adjacent healthy tissue in the field of radiation. Under these situations, the use of radioprotective compounds that can selectively protect normal tissues against radiation injury is considered very useful. However, research spanning over half a century has shown that there are no ideal radioprotectors available. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) approved amifostine or WR-2721 (Walter Reed-2721) [chemically S-2-(3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid] is toxic at their optimal concentrations. This has necessitated the need for agents that are safe and easily acceptable to humans. BACKGROUND Dietary agents with beneficial effects like free radical scavenging, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects are recognized as applicable and have been investigated for their radioprotective properties. Studies in these lines have shown that the fruits of Aegle marmelos (stone apple or bael), Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica(Indian gooseberry/amla), Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana (black plum / jamun), Mangifera indica (mango) and Grewia asiatica (phalsa or falsa) that are originally reported to be indigenous to India have been investigated for their usefulness as a radioprotective agent. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize beneficial effects of the Indian indigenous fruits stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa in mitigating radiation-induced side effects, emphasize the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects and address aspects that merit detail investigations for these fruits to move towards clinical application in the near future. METHODS The authors data mined in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1981 up to July 2020. The focus was on the radioprotection and the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects, and accordingly, the articles were collated and analyzed. RESULTS This article emphasizes the usefulness of stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa as radioprotective agents. From a mechanistic view, reports are suggestive that the beneficial effects are mediated by triggering free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION For the first time, this review addresses the beneficial effects of mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, stone apple and phalsa as radioprotective agents. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the selective radioprotective effects with tumor-bearing laboratory animals to understand their usefulness as radioprotective drug/s during radiotherapy and as a food supplement to protect people getting exposed to low doses of radiation in occupational settings. Phase I clinical trial studies are also required to ascertain the optimal dose and the schedule to be followed with the standardized extract of these fruits. The most important aspect is that these fruits are a part of the diet, have been consumed since the beginning of mankind, are non-toxic, possess diverse medicinal properties, have easy acceptability all of which will help take research forward and be of benefit to patients, occupational workers, agribased sectors and pharma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ponemone Venkatesh
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanath Kumar Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjeshwar Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Khalivulla SI, Mohammed A, Mallikarjuna K. Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:775-788. [PMID: 33355047 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201222154159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant-based natural products have been in use from ancient times as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant-based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. These kinds of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source, followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to a few potential compounds from hundreds, which can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. METHODS Phytochemicals, along with their potential antidiabetic property, were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species are also included. RESULTS The scrutiny of literature led to the identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert anti-diabetic properties by improving or mimicking insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be potential active compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are obtained from triterpenoids, 13 from flavonoids and 7 from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, the maximum number (7) of compounds were isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. CONCLUSION This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish therapeutic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik I Khalivulla
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar - 522 510, Andhra Pradesh, India
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18
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Siddika A, Das PK, Asha SY, Aktar S, Tareq ARM, Siddika A, Rakib A, Islam F, Khanam JA. Antiproliferative Activity and Apoptotic Efficiency of Syzygium cumini Bark Methanolic Extract against EAC Cells In Vivo. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:782-792. [PMID: 32781964 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syzygium cumini is one of the evidence-based traditional medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments. OBJECTIVES Herein, the antioxidant property and anticancer property of Syzygium cumini against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells were examined to find effective chemotherapeutics. METHODS In vitro assays, and phytochemical and chromatographic analyses were used to determine antioxidant properties and chemical constituents of Syzygium cummini Bark Methanolic Extract (SCBME). Functional assays were used to measure the anticancer activity of SCBME. Fluorescence microscopy and RT-PCR were used to examine morphological and molecular changes of EAC cells followed by SCBME treatment. RESULTS Phytochemical and GC-MS analyses confirmed the presence of compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activities. Accordingly, we have noted a strong antioxidant activity of SCBME with an IC50 value of ~10μg/ml. Importantly, SCBME exerted a dose-dependent anticancer activity with significant inhibition of EAC cell growth (71.08±3.53%; p<0.001), reduction of tumor burden (69.50%; p<0.01) and increase of life span (73.13%; p<0.001) of EAC-bearing mice at 75mg/kg/day. Besides, SCBME restored the blood toxicity towards normal in EAC-bearing mice (p<0.05). DISCUSSION SCBME treated EAC cells showed apoptotic features under a fluorescence microscope and fragmented DNA in DNA laddering assay. Moreover, up-regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and pro-apoptotic Bax and down-regulation of NF-κB and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes implied induction of apoptosis followed by SCBME treatment. CONCLUSION The antiproliferative activity of SCBME against EAC cells is likely due to apoptosis, mediated by regulation of p53 and NF-κB signaling. Thus, SCBME can be considered as a useful resource in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Plabon K Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Saharia Y Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu R M Tareq
- Environmental and Organic Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Siddika
- Institute of Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rakib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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Shejawal KP, Randive DS, Bhinge SD, Bhutkar MA, Todkar SS, Mulla AS, Jadhav NR. Green synthesis of silver, iron and gold nanoparticles of lycopene extracted from tomato: their characterization and cytotoxicity against COLO320DM, HT29 and Hella cell. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:19. [PMID: 33576907 PMCID: PMC7880933 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed at development of Silver, Iron and Gold nanoparticles of Lycopene isolated from tomato by using green synthesis technique and to evaluate its anticancer potential against colorectal and cervical cancer. Lycopene was extracted by benzene extraction method and the silver, iron and gold nanoparticles were developed by green synthesis method. 1% aqueous extract of isolated Lycopene was mixed with 1% solutions of AgNO3, FeCl3 and HAuCl4 solutions and incubated at ambient temperature for 3-4 h separately and observed for the color change which is an indicative of formation of the nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD analysis and evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. The cytotoxicity studies were carried out by in vitro assay like MTT, SRB and Tryphan blue method against Colo 320 DM, HT 29, and Hella. SEM showed nanosized particles of 50-100 nm range, whereas no antimicrobial activity was exhibited by the prepared nanoparticles. In MTT assay the LyAgNP showed maximum 41.41 ± 0.4124% inhibition against COLO320DM, whereas LyGNP exhibited 41.47 ± 0.4469% inhibition against HT 29 and LyAgNP showed 40.9 ± 0.6908% inhibition against Hella cells. In SRB assay LyAgNP showed maximum 82.68 ± 1.1798% inhibition against COLO320DM, whereas LyGNP exhibited maximum 91.21 ± 0.2372% inhibition against HT29 and 87.98 ± 0.5878% inhibition against Hella cells. In tryphan blue assay against COLO320DM, HT29 and Hella cells, the maximum inhibition exhibited by the prepared nanoparticles were observed as LyGNP 83.45 ± 0.4694%, LyAgNP 88.05 ± 0.1870% and LyAgNP65.47 ± 0.4766%. We conclude that the developed nanoparticles of Lycopene exhibited potential anticancer activity against Colorectal and cervical cancer cell as compared with pure Lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran P Shejawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India.
| | - Dheeraj S Randive
- Department of Pharmaceutics Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India
| | - Somnath D Bhinge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India
| | - Mangesh A Bhutkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India
| | - Sachin S Todkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India
| | - Anjum S Mulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon, Walwa, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415404, India
| | - Namdeo R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics Bharati vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416013, India
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Antiproliferative Activity on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells and In Vitro Antioxidant Effect of Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts from Peels of Species of the Myrtaceae Family. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030564. [PMID: 33498977 PMCID: PMC7865521 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a significant indication of the beneficial health effects of fruit rich diets. Fruits of native plant species have noticeably different phytochemicals and bioactive effects. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the constituents of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba, MJ), jamun-berry (Syzygium cumini, SC), and malay-apple (Syzygium malaccense, SM) extracts and their influence on antioxidant activity in vitro and antiproliferative effects on human colon adenocarcinoma cells. According to the results, dried peel powders (DP) have a high anthocyanin content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity when compared to freeze dried extracts (FD). M. jaboticaba dried peel powder extract had a higher total anthocyanin and phenolic compounds content (802.90 ± 1.93 and 2152.92 ± 43.95 mg/100 g, respectively). A reduction in cell viability of HT-29 cells after treatment with M. jaboticaba extracts (DP-MJ and FD-MJ) was observed via MTT assay. Flow cytometry showed that the treatment with the anthocyanin-rich extracts from MJ, SC, and SM had an inhibitory impact on cell development due to G2/M arrest and caused a rise in apoptotic cells in relation to the control group. The findings of this study highlight the potential of peel powders from Myrtaceae fruits as an important source of natural antioxidants and a protective effect against colon adenocarcinoma.
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Chen Q, Lei J, Zhou J, Ma S, Huang Q, Ge B. Chemopreventive effect of 4'-hydroxychalcone on intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin mice. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:213. [PMID: 33510814 PMCID: PMC7836395 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones and its derivatives are reported to exhibit anti-cancer effects in several cancer cell lines, including colon cancer cells. However, the in vivo anticancer effects and associated mechanisms of chalcones against intestinal tumorigenesis currently remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive effect of a chalcone derivative, 4'-hydroxychalcone (4-HC), in a transgenic adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia mouse model (ApcMin) of spontaneous intestinal adenomas. ApcMin mice were fed 4-HC (10 mg/kg/day) or the vehicle control by oral gavage starting at 8 weeks of age, and were sacrificed at 20 weeks. The administration of 4-HC significantly decreased the number of colon adenomas by 45% and the size of colon adenomas by 35% compared with the respective controls. Similarly, the number of adenomas in the distal small intestine (DSI) and proximal small intestine also decreased by 35 and 33%, respectively, in 4-HC-treated mice, and adenoma size in the DSI decreased by 39% compared with the respective controls. Treatment with 4-HC strongly decreased proliferation in colon and DSI adenomas, as detected by immunofluorescence staining with the proliferation marker protein Ki-67, and promoted apoptosis in colon adenomas, as detected by TUNEL immunofluorescence staining. In addition, decreased mRNA expression of β-catenin target genes, including c-Myc, Axin2 and CD44, in colon adenomas of 4-HC-treated animals demonstrated the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the initiation and progression of colon neoplasms. Treatment with 4-HC also decreased the protein levels of β-catenin in colon adenomas, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. The results suggested that 4-HC may be a promising candidate for the chemoprevention of intestinal tumorigenesis, and further investigations are required to evaluate its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiahong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shaoze Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Bujun Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of the Eugenia brejoensis essential oil inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Girardelo JR, Munari EL, Dallorsoleta JCS, Cechinel G, Goetten ALF, Sales LR, Reginatto FH, Chaves VC, Smaniotto FA, Somacal S, Emanuelli T, Benech JC, Soldi C, Winter E, Conterato GMM. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and antitumoral activity of ethanolic extracts from fruits and seeds of Eugenia involucrata DC. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109615. [PMID: 33233205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) is a native tree species from Brazil that has been scarcely studied. We investigated the phenolic composition, the antioxidant capacity and the antitumoral activity of ethanolic extracts from fruits (FE) and seeds (SE) of E. involucrata. Six anthocyanins were identified by UPLC-PDA/MS/MS in FE, being four derived from cyanidin, and the other ones derived from delphinidin and pelargonidin. Using HPLC-PDA, FE presented a larger number of phenolic compounds (epicatechin, catechin, rutin, ellagic acid, myricetin and quercetin) than SE, which did not show myricetin and quercetin. However, SE showed higher total phenolic content and generally stronger in vitro antioxidant capacity than FE, except that only FE exhibited superoxide radical scavenging activity, which may be attributed to the anthocyanins present in fruits. Additionally, only SE exhibited antitumoral activity in a pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). The antitumoral mechanisms involved imbalance of antioxidant status, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytoskeleton disassembly and induction of cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Compared to the standard antitumoral drug gemcitabine, SE exhibited higher antitumoral efficacy and selectivity index. The highest concentration of total phenolics and of specific phenolic compounds bearing antitumoral properties may be related to the antitumoral activity of SE. Our results corroborate previous data of E. involucrata as an important source of bioactive compounds and provide, for the first time, evidences of in vitro antitumoral potential of its seeds on pancreatic cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julheli R Girardelo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda L Munari
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Julio C S Dallorsoleta
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Cechinel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - André L F Goetten
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luziane R Sales
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Flávio H Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Vitor C Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Franciele A Smaniotto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juan Claudio Benech
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cristian Soldi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Evelyn Winter
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Greicy M M Conterato
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Usuwanthim K, Wisitpongpun P, Luetragoon T. Molecular Identification of Phytochemical for Anticancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:651-666. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200213110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer commands the second highest global mortality rate and causes severe public health problems.
Recent advances have been made in cancer therapy but the incidence of the disease remains high. Research on
more efficient treatment methods with reduced side effects is necessary. Historically, edible plants have been
used as traditional medicines for various diseases. These demonstrate the potential of natural products as sources
of bioactive compounds for anticancer treatment. Anticancer properties of phytochemicals are attributed to
bioactive compounds in plant extracts that suppress cancer cell proliferation and growth by inducing both cell
cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review presents a summary of the molecular identification of phytochemicals
with anticancer properties and details their action mechanisms and molecular targets. Moreover, the effects of
the natural product on both immunomodulatory and anticancer properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Prapakorn Wisitpongpun
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Thitiya Luetragoon
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Fakhri S, Khodamorady M, Naseri M, Farzaei MH, Khan H. The ameliorating effects of anthocyanins on the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer dysregulated metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104895. [PMID: 32422342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells underlie the dysregulated metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein and thereby, employ interconnected cross-linked signaling pathways to supply adequate energy for growth and related biosynthetic procedures. In the present study, a comprehensive review of cancer metabolism and anthocyanin's effect was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, as well as related articles in the field. Such keywords as "cancer", and "cancer metabolism" in the title/abstract/keyword and all the "anthocyanins" in the whole text were used. Data were collected without time restriction until February 2020. The results indicated the involvement of several signaling pathways, including inflammatory PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Bax/Bcl-2/caspases as apoptosis modulators, and NF-κB/Nrf2 as oxidative stress mediators in the cancer dysregulated metabolism. Compelling studies have shown that targeting these pathways, as critical hallmarks of cancer, plays a critical role in combating cancer dysregulated metabolism. The complexity of cancer metabolism signaling pathways, along with toxicity, high costs, and resistance to conventional drugs urge the need to investigate novel multi-target agents. Increasing evidence has introduced plant-derived secondary metabolites as hopeful anticancer candidates which target multiple dysregulated cross-linked pathways of cancer metabolism. Amongst these metabolites, anthocyanins have demonstrated positive anticancer effects by targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptotic signaling pathways. The current study revealed the cross-linked signaling pathways of cancer metabolism, as well as the promising pharmacological mechanisms of anthocyanins in targeting the aforementioned signaling mediators. To overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of anthocyanins in cancer treatment, their interactions with gut microbiota and the need to develop related nano-formulations were also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Minoo Khodamorady
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 67149-67346, Iran.
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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26
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Suppressive role of Viola odorata extract on malignant characters of mammosphere-derived breast cancer stem cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1619-1634. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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CORREA MARIANAG, COUTO JESSICAS, TRINDADE BRUNOB, ABREU JOELP, NAKAJIMA VANIAM, OLIVEIRA FELIPEL, FARAH ADRIANA, TEODORO ANDERSONJ. Antiproliferative effect of guava fruit extracts in MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92:e20191500. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - JOEL P. ABREU
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Maqsood S, Adiamo O, Ahmad M, Mudgil P. Bioactive compounds from date fruit and seed as potential nutraceutical and functional food ingredients. Food Chem 2019; 308:125522. [PMID: 31669945 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm is an important fruit bearing tree grown widely in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The date fruit and its by-products, such as seeds, have both nutritional and medicinal value. However, date fruit and seeds have not been fully considered as potential functional food ingredients to develop foods with promising health benefits. Based on the available information in the literature, fruit and seed of date palm are rich in phytochemicals, such as phenolics, anthocyanin, carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols and dietary fiber. In addition, they were reported to possess several beneficial health properties explored under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. Further research in this area would provide valuable information for the potential utilization of date fruit and seed as functional food ingredients. This review presents a comprehensive information about the bioactive compounds and nutraceutical properties of different varieties of date fruit and seed, as well as the potential for using them as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Emirates Center for Energy and Environment Research, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Oladipupo Adiamo
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mudasir Ahmad
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Xu J, Li X, Liu S, Zhao P, Huo H, Zhang Y. Effect of Nanocrystallization of Anthocyanins Extracted from Two Types of Red-Fleshed Apple Varieties on Its Stability and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183366. [PMID: 31527454 PMCID: PMC6767359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Red-fleshed apple (Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana (Dieck) Langenf) has attracted more and more attention due to its enriched anthocyanins and high antioxidant activity. In this study we extracted total anthocyanins and phenols from two types of red-fleshed apples-Xinjing No.4 (XJ4) and Red Laiyang (RL)-to study the stability and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins after encapsulation onto Corn Starch Nanoparticles (CSNPs). The results indicated the anthocyanins and total phenol levels of XJ4 were 2.96 and 2.25 times higher than those of RL respectively. The anthocyanin concentration and loading time had a significant effect on CSNPs encapsulation, and XJ4 anthocyanins always showed significantly higher loading capacity than RL. After encapsulation, the morphology of RL-CSNPs and XJ4-CSNPs was still spherical with a smooth surface as CSNPs, but the particle size increased compared to CSNPs especially for RL-CSNPs. Different stress treatments including UV light, pH, temperature, and salinity suggested that XJ4-CSNPs exhibited consistently higher stability than RL-CSNPs. A significantly enhanced free radical scavenging rate under stress conditions was observed, and XJ4-CSNPs had stronger antioxidant activity than RL-CSNPs. Furthermore, XJ4-CSNPs exhibited a slower released rate than RL-CSNPs in simulated gastric (pH 2.0) and intestinal (pH 7.0) environments. Our research suggests that nanocrystallization of anthocyanins is an effective method to keep the anthocyanin ingredients intact and active while maintaining a slow release rate. Compared to RL, encapsulation of XJ4 anthocyanins has more advantages, which might be caused by the significant differences in the metabolites of XJ4. These findings give an insight into understanding the role of nanocrystallization using CSNPs in enhancing the antioxidant ability of anthocyanins from different types of red-fleshed apples, and provide theoretical foundations for red-fleshed apple anthocyanin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Xu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Xinxin Li
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Shifeng Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Peilei Zhao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA.
| | - Yugang Zhang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Macuer-Guzmán J, Bernal G, Jamett-Díaz F, Ramírez-Rivera S, Ibáñez C. Selective and Apoptotic Action of Ethanol Extract of Annona cherimola Seeds against Human Stomach Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line AGS. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:322-327. [PMID: 31154569 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Annona cherimola is a tree belonging to the family Annonacea, whose fruit (cherimoya) is very desirable, but its seeds are considered waste. Present in these seeds are compounds that have been described as selective antiproliferative agents for cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of ethanol macerate extract (EMCHS) obtained from A. cherimola seeds against the human stomach gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line and the normal human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). The EMCHS extract presented an IC50 of 80.43 μg/mL in AGS cells, and a selectivity index (SI) of 3.5-fold higher than that of cisplatin. In addition, the EMCHS extract showed apoptotic activity in AGS cells since 50 μg/mL. Overxpression of PUMA gene in both cells demonstrate that EMCHS activate the apoptotic route. Future studies should be carried out to elucidate anticancer activity of EMCHS in vivo. This work represents the first showing antiproliferative effects of crude extracts obtained from seeds of A. cherimola in AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Macuer-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 599, 1700000, La Serena, Chile
| | - Giuliano Bernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, 1781421, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Fabiola Jamett-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 599, 1700000, La Serena, Chile
| | - Sebastian Ramírez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, 1781421, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Cristian Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 599, 1700000, La Serena, Chile.
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Mazewski C, Kim MS, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit immune checkpoints in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11560. [PMID: 31399602 PMCID: PMC6689002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to assess anti-progression and stimulatory immune response effects among anthocyanins (ANC) and their metabolites on human colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in silico. Pure phenolics including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G) and its metabolites, delphinidin (DC) and gallic acid (GA), were tested alone or in combination, on HCT-116 and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells (100-600 µg/mL). HCT-116 and HT-29 50% inhibition concentrations (µg/mL) were 396 ± 23 and 329 ± 17 for D3G; 242 ± 16 and >600 for DC; and 154 ± 5 and 81 ± 5 for GA, respectively. Using molecular docking, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) showed the highest potential to inhibit immune checkpoints: programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) (-6.8 kcal/mol) and programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) (-9.6 kcal/mol). C3G, D3G, DC, GA, and D3G-rich extracts decreased PD-L1 protein expression in HCT-116 cells. C3G decreased PD-L1 fluorescence intensity by 39%. ANC decreased PD-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in monoculture by 41% and 55%, and co-culture with HCT-116 and HT-29 cells by 39% and 26% (C3G) and 50% and 51% (D3G), respectively. D3G and C3G, abundant in plant foods, showed potential for binding with and inhibiting immune checkpoints, PD-1 and PD-L1, which can activate immune response in the tumor microenvironment and induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Morgan Sanha Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, USA
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Chen T, Shi N, Afzali A. Chemopreventive Effects of Strawberry and Black Raspberry on Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1261. [PMID: 31163684 PMCID: PMC6627270 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States and the fourth globally with a rising incidence. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immunologically mediated disease that imposes a significant associated health burden, including the increased risk for colonic dysplasia and CRC. Carcinogenesis has been attributed to chronic inflammation and associated with oxidative stress, genomic instability, and immune effectors as well as the cytokine dysregulation and activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. Current anti-inflammation therapies used for IBD treatment have shown limited effects on CRC chemoprevention, and their long-term toxicity has limited their clinical application. However, natural food-based prevention approaches may offer significant cancer prevention effects with very low toxicity profiles. In particular, in preclinical and clinical pilot studies, strawberry and black raspberry have been widely selected as food-based interventions because of their potent preventive activities. In this review, we summarize the roles of strawberry, black raspberry, and their polyphenol components on CRC chemoprevention in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Ni Shi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Anita Afzali
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside promotes progesterone secretion by improving cells viability and mitochondrial function in cadmium-sulfate-damaged R2C cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 128:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nanocrystallization of Anthocyanin Extract from Red-Fleshed Apple 'QN-5' Improved Its Antioxidant Effect through Enhanced Stability and Activity under Stressful Conditions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071421. [PMID: 30978915 PMCID: PMC6479717 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Red-flesh apples are known as functional fruits because of their rich anthocyanin. The anthocyanin content of the red flesh apple cultivar ′QN-5′ we bred can reach 361 mg·kg−1 (FW), and showed higher scavenging capacity to DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anion radicals, with scavenging rates of 80.0%, 54.0%, and 43.3%, respectively. We used this particular anthocyanin-rich ′QN-5′ apple as material to examine how nanocrystallization affects the antixodiant effect of anthocyanin. The anthocyanin extract was encapsulated with biocompatible zein to form zein-anthocyanin nanoparticles (ZANPs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) scanning showed that ZANPs had a regular spherical shape with an average diameter size of 50–60nm. When the ratio of the zein and the anthocyanin was 1:0.5, the results suggested that the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the ZANPs could reach as high as 92.8%, and that scavenging rate for DPPH radicals was increased from 87.1% to 97.2% compared to the non-nanocrystallized anthocyanin extract. Interestingly, treatment under alkaline conditions (pH 9.0), high temperature (90 °C), and a storage time of 7 days could decrease the scavenging capacity of the ZANPs for DPPH radicals, but this scavenging capacity loss for ZANPs was significantly lower than that observed in the non-nanocrystallized anthocyanin, suggesting the higher stability of ZANPs is caused by encapsulation. These results would provide a theoretical basis for the application of the anthocyanin in scavenging free radicals under stress conditions.
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Lin Y, Li B, Zhao J, Wei L, Wang Y, Wang M, Dia VP, Meng X. Combinatorial effect of blueberry extracts and oxaliplatin in human colon cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17242-17253. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- Department of Food Science The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Lulu Wei
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Vermont P. Dia
- Department of Food Science The University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
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Wang X, Yang DY, Yang LQ, Zhao WZ, Cai LY, Shi HP. Anthocyanin Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:470-477. [PMID: 30589398 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1531084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the association between anthocyanin consumption and the risk of colorectal cancer. All relative articles were located on online databases, including PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library as of June 11, 2018. Risk ratios (RRs) or odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through the STATA 12.0 software package. A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant inverse association was found between total anthocyanin consumption and colorectal cancer risk (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95). Likewise, there was significant evidence of a relationship between anthocyanin intake and colorectal cancer in the colon site (RR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92); men (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95), and case-control studies (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.78). A dose-response relationship was not found in this meta-analysis. The Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation quality in our study was very low. This meta-analysis indicates that anthocyanin consumption is inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Anthocyanins may play an active role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Key teaching points: Some epidemiological studies found an inverse correlation between the high consumption of anthocyanins and low risk of colorectal cancer. Because of this structure, anthocyanins/anthocyanidins have a powerful capability of donating electrons, which can be characterized as antioxidant properties. Anthocyanins can also inhibit colon cancer by interfering in the cell cycle and inducing the effect of anti-proliferation and apoptosis. The formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles in cells also indicates that anthocyanins may induce autophagy. From the findings of nonrandomized controlled trials, anthocyanins may play an active role in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - De-Yi Yang
- b Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery , Xiangya Hospital of Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen-Zhi Zhao
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Li-Ya Cai
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- a Departments of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Clinical Nutrition , Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University/Ninth Clinical Medical College, Peking University , Beijing , China
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Flavonoids and Colorectal Cancer Prevention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120187. [PMID: 30544686 PMCID: PMC6316869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, but despite advances in treatment, it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Prevention may, therefore, be a key strategy in reducing colorectal cancer deaths. Given reports of an inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption with colorectal cancer risk, there has been significant interest in understanding the metabolism and bioactivity of flavonoids, which are highly abundant in fruits and vegetables and account for their pigmentation. In this review, we discuss host and microbiota-mediated metabolism of flavonoids and the potential mechanisms by which flavonoids can exert protective effects against colon tumorigenesis, including regulation of signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, cellular proliferation, and inflammation and modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Colorectal cancer and medicinal plants: Principle findings from recent studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:408-423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Karasawa MMG, Mohan C. Fruits as Prospective Reserves of bioactive Compounds: A Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:335-346. [PMID: 30069678 PMCID: PMC6109443 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-018-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive natural products have always played a significant role as novel therapeutical agents irrespective of their source of origin. They have a profound effect on human health by both direct and indirect means and also possess immense medicinal properties. Fruit species are largely appreciated and highly consumed throughout the world. Epidemiologic information supports the association between high intake of fruits and low risk of chronic diseases. There are several biological reasons why the consumption of fruits might reduce or prevent chronic diseases. Fruits are rich sources of nutrients and energy, have vitamins, minerals, fiber and numerous other classes of biologically active compounds. Moreover, parts of the fruit crops like fruit peels, leaves and barks also possess medicinal properties and have been included in this review. The most important activities discussed in this review include antidiabetic, anticancer, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, stimulation of the immune system, cell detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, anticonvulsant and their ability to lower blood pressure. Several phytochemicals involved in this context are described with special emphasis on their structural properties and their relativity with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chakravarthi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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40
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Targeting molecular pathways in cancer stem cells by natural bioactive compounds. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:150-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Polyphenols in Colorectal Cancer: Current State of Knowledge including Clinical Trials and Molecular Mechanism of Action. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4154185. [PMID: 29568751 PMCID: PMC5820674 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been reported to have wide spectrum of biological activities including major impact on initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer by modulating different signalling pathways. Colorectal cancer is the second most major cause of mortality and morbidity among females and the third among males. The objective of this review is to describe the activity of a variety of polyphenols in colorectal cancer in clinical trials, preclinical studies, and primary research. The molecular mechanisms of major polyphenols related to their beneficial effects on colorectal cancer are also addressed. Synthetic modifications and other future directions towards exploiting of natural polyphenols against colorectal cancer are discussed in the last section.
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Zhao Y, Hu X, Zuo X, Wang M. Chemopreventive effects of some popular phytochemicals on human colon cancer: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:4548-4568. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes (1) the epidemiology and etiology of colon cancer, (2) generalized cancer chemoprotective mechanisms, and (3) the chemopreventive properties of some popular phytochemicals as well as some phytochemicals developed by our research group recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xinyuan Zuo
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin City
- China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
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de Sousa Moraes LF, Sun X, Peluzio MDCG, Zhu MJ. Anthocyanins/anthocyanidins and colorectal cancer: What is behind the scenes? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:59-71. [PMID: 28799785 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1357533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cause of cancer death. Phytochemicals, especially anthocyanins/anthocyanidins (A/A), have gathered attention of the scientific community owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cancer-inhibitory properties. In this review, we discussed the possible mechanisms whereby A/A exhibit intestinal anticarcinogenic characteristics. Anthocyanins/anthocyanidins inhibit the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway, attenuate Wnt signaling and suppress abnormal epithelial cell proliferation. In addition, A/A induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and downregulate Akt/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. Furthermore, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) also contributes to the anti-carcinogenic effects of A/A. Finally, downregulation of metalloproteinases (MMPs) by A/A inhibits tumor invasion and metastasis. In conclusion, A/A exert their anti-tumor effects against colorectal carcinogenesis via multiple mechanisms, providing insights into the use of A/A as a natural chemopreventive intervention on major colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Fernando de Sousa Moraes
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA.,b Department of Nutrition and Health , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa - Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | | | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- a School of Food Science , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
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Mazewski C, Liang K, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Comparison of the effect of chemical composition of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on colon cancer cell proliferation and their potential mechanism of action using in vitro, in silico, and biochemical assays. Food Chem 2017; 242:378-388. [PMID: 29037704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the anti-proliferative effect of anthocyanin-rich plant extracts on human colon cancer cells and determine their mechanism of action. Eleven extracts were tested: red (RG) and purple grape, purple sweet potato, purple carrot, black and purple bean, black lentil (BL), black peanut, sorghum (SH), black rice, and blue wheat. HCT-116 and HT-29 inhibition correlated with total phenolics (r=0.87 and 0.77, respectively), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside concentration with HT-29 inhibition (r=0.69). The concentration inhibition fifty (IC50) for BL, SH, RG on HT-29 and HCT-116 cell proliferation ranged 0.9-2.0mg/mL. Extracts decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, cIAP-2, XIAP), induced apoptosis, and arrested cells in G1. Anthocyanins exhibited tyrosine kinase inhibitory potential in silico and biochemically; cyanidin-3-O-glucoside had one of the highest binding affinities with all kinases, especially ABL1 (-8.5kcal/mol). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside inhibited EGFR (IC50=0.10 and 2.37µM, respectively). Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the most potent anthocyanin on kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Katie Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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Kubow S, Iskandar MM, Melgar-Bermudez E, Sleno L, Sabally K, Azadi B, How E, Prakash S, Burgos G, Felde TZ. Effects of Simulated Human Gastrointestinal Digestion of Two Purple-Fleshed Potato Cultivars on Anthocyanin Composition and Cytotoxicity in Colonic Cancer and Non-Tumorigenic Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090953. [PMID: 28850070 PMCID: PMC5622713 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dynamic human gastrointestinal (GI) model was used to digest cooked tubers from purple-fleshed Amachi and Leona potato cultivars to study anthocyanin biotransformation in the stomach, small intestine and colonic vessels. Colonic Caco-2 cancer cells and non-tumorigenic colonic CCD-112CoN cells were tested for cytotoxicity and cell viability after 24 h exposure to colonic fecal water (FW) digests (0%, 10%, 25%, 75% and 100% FW in culture media). After 24 h digestion, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 36 and 15 anthocyanin species throughout the GI vessels for Amachi and Leona, respectively. The total anthocyanin concentration was over thirty-fold higher in Amachi compared to Leona digests but seven-fold higher anthocyanin concentrations were noted for Leona versus Amachi in descending colon digests. Leona FW showed greater potency to induce cytotoxicity and decrease viability of Caco-2 cells than observed with FW from Amachi. Amachi FW at 100% caused cytotoxicity in non-tumorigenic cells while FW from Leona showed no effect. The present findings indicate major variations in the pattern of anthocyanin breakdown and release during digestion of purple-fleshed cultivars. The differing microbial anthocyanin metabolite profiles in colonic vessels between cultivars could play a significant role in the impact of FW toxicity on tumor and non-tumorigenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Michèle M Iskandar
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Emiliano Melgar-Bermudez
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Downtown Station, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Kebba Sabally
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Behnam Azadi
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Emily How
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Satya Prakash
- BioMedical Engineering Department, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Room 311, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Gabriela Burgos
- International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, Apartado Postal 1558, Lima, Lima 12, Peru.
| | - Thomas Zum Felde
- International Potato Center (CIP), Avenida La Molina 1895, Apartado Postal 1558, Lima, Lima 12, Peru.
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López de Las Hazas MC, Mosele JI, Macià A, Ludwig IA, Motilva MJ. Exploring the Colonic Metabolism of Grape and Strawberry Anthocyanins and Their in Vitro Apoptotic Effects in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6477-6487. [PMID: 27790915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial properties attributed to the intake of fruit and red wine have been associated with the presence of significant amounts of anthocyanins. However, their low absorption and consequent accumulation in the gut have generated the suspicion that colonic metabolites of anthocyanins are probably involved in these protective effects. Grape pomace and strawberry extracts, rich in malvidin- and pelargonidin-glucoside, respectively, were fermented in vitro using human feces as microbial inoculum. After 8 h of anaerobic incubation, the anthocyanins were almost completely degraded, whereas their microbial metabolite concentrations were highest at 24 h. Syringic acid and tyrosol were the main metabolites of grape and strawberry extracts, respectively. On the basis of the metabolites detected, metabolic pathways of malvidin- and pelargonidin-glucosides were proposed. Anthocyanin-rich grape and strawberry extracts and their generated metabolites such as hydroxyphenylacetic acid showed apoptotic effects in HT-29 colon cancer cells and may suggest their possible contribution as anticarcinogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, University of Lleida , Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Juana I Mosele
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, University of Lleida , Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, University of Lleida , Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, University of Lleida , Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - María-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, University of Lleida , Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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47
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Inhibitory potential of anthocyanin-rich purple and red corn extracts on human colorectal cancer cell proliferation in vitro. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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48
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Lefranc F, Tabanca N, Kiss R. Assessing the anticancer effects associated with food products and/or nutraceuticals using in vitro and in vivo preclinical development-related pharmacological tests. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:14-32. [PMID: 28602819 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review is part of a special issue entitled "Role of dietary pattern, foods, nutrients and nutraceuticals in supporting cancer prevention and treatment" and describes a pharmacological strategy to determine the potential contribution of food-related components as anticancer agents against established cancer. Therefore, this review does not relate to chemoprevention, which is analysed in several other reviews in the current special issue, but rather focuses on the following: i) the biological events that currently represent barriers against the treatment of certain types of cancers, primarily metastatic cancers; ii) the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological pre-clinical tests that can be used to analyse the potential anticancer effects of food-related components; and iii) several examples of food-related components with anticancer effects. This review does not represent a catalogue-based listing of food-related components with more or less anticancer activity. By contrast, this review proposes an original pharmacological strategy that researchers can use to analyse the potential anticancer activity of any food-related component-e.g., by considering the crucial characteristics of cancer biological aggressiveness. This review also highlights that cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy should restrict the use of "food complements" without supervision by a medical nutritionist. By contrast, an equilibrated diet that includes the food-related components listed herein would be beneficial for cancer patients who are not undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- U.S Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station,13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA.
| | - Robert Kiss
- Retired-formerly at the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium), 5 rue d'Egmont, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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49
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Lin B, Gong C, Song H, Cui Y. Effects of anthocyanins on the prevention and treatment of cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1226-1243. [PMID: 27646173 PMCID: PMC5429338 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids, which show a range of pharmacological effects, such as prevention of cardiovascular disease, obesity control and antitumour activity. Their potential antitumour effects are reported to be based on a wide variety of biological activities including antioxidant; anti-inflammation; anti-mutagenesis; induction of differentiation; inhibiting proliferation by modulating signal transduction pathways, inducing cell cycle arrest and stimulating apoptosis or autophagy of cancer cells; anti-invasion; anti-metastasis; reversing drug resistance of cancer cells and increasing their sensitivity to chemotherapy. In this review, the latest progress on the anticancer activities of anthocyanins and the underlying molecular mechanisms is summarized using data from basic research in vitro and in vivo, from clinical trials and taking into account theory and practice. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Wen Lin
- Department of Regenerative MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng‐Chen Gong
- Department of Regenerative MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hai‐Fei Song
- Department of Regenerative MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ying‐Yu Cui
- Department of Regenerative MedicineTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of ArrhythmiasMinistry of Education (Tongji University)ShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medical GeneticsTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Jagetia GC. Phytochemical Composition and Pleotropic Pharmacological Properties of Jamun, Syzygium Cumini Skeels. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 2:54-66. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2016.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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