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Bertolo MRV, Dias LD, Lima AR, Aguiar ASN, Alves F, de Souza M, Napolitano HB, Bagnato VS, Junior SB. Photoantimicrobial chitosan-gelatin-pomegranate peel extract films for strawberries preservation: From microbiological analysis to in vivo safety assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127085. [PMID: 37774819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the application of biopolymeric materials (chitosan, gelatin, and pomegranate peel extract as photosensitizer) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the physicochemical and microbial safety of strawberries. The photosensitizer potential of the materials was confirmed by a light-dose-dependent photobleaching profile. The application of light (525 nm; 50 J cm-2) decreased by >2 log CFU mL-1 the survival of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the photoactive-biopolymeric films. Moreover, the materials did not present in vivo cytotoxicity using Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as well as cytophytotoxic, genotoxic, or mutagenic potentials against Allium cepa plant model, which points out their safety to be used as films without posing a risk to the humans and the environment. The photoactive-polymeric coatings were able to maintain the strawberries weight, and the association with green light was 100 % effective in delaying fungal contamination. These coated-strawberries presented a significant reduction in S. aureus survival after light application (5.47-4.34 log CFU mL-1). The molecular level analysis of the photoactive compound cyanidin-3-glucoside indicates absorption on UV-Vis consistent with aPDT action. Therefore, this study showed that the antimicrobial effects of aPDT combined with photoactive-biopolymeric coatings were enhanced, while the quality of the strawberries was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella R V Bertolo
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (USP/IQSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas D Dias
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil; University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra R Lima
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio S N Aguiar
- State University of Goiás, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Research Group, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton B Napolitano
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil; State University of Goiás, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Research Group, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- State University of Goiás, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Research Group, Anápolis, GO, Brazil; Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (USP/IQSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Espitia-Almeida F, Valle-Molinares R, Navarro Quiroz E, Pacheco-Londoño LC, Galán-Freyle NJ. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (4-Ethylphenyl) Porphyrin against Clinically Important Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1059. [PMID: 37630978 PMCID: PMC10459089 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing emergence of microbes resistant to commercially available antibiotic therapies poses a threat to healthcare systems worldwide. Multiple factors have been associated with the increasing incidence of hospital-acquired infections caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the massive application of antibiotics in hospitals as a prophylactic measure, self-medication, and nonadherence to pharmacological therapies by patients. In this study, we developed a novel treatment to mitigate the impact of microbial resistance. We synthesized a benzoporphyrin derivative, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-ethylphenyl) porphyrin (TEtPP), with a reaction yield close to 50%. TEtPP exhibited excellent photophysical properties (Φf = 0.12 ± 0.04 and ΦΔ = 0.81 ± 0.23) and was thereby assessed as a potential agent for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. The photophysical properties of the synthesized porphyrin derivative were correlated with the assayed antimicrobial activity. TEtPP showed higher activity against the MRSA strain under irradiation than in the absence of irradiation (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 69.42 µg/mL vs. MIC = 109.30 µg/mL, p < 0.0001). Similar behavior was observed against P. aeruginosa (irradiated MIC = 54.71 µg/mL vs. nonirradiated MIC = 402.90 µg/mL, p < 0.0001). TEtPP exhibited high activity against S. aureus in both the irradiated and nonirradiated assays (MIC = 67.68 µg/mL vs. MIC = 58.26 µg/mL, p = 0.87).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Espitia-Almeida
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia (N.J.G.-F.)
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Biology Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081001, Colombia
| | - Roger Valle-Molinares
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Biology Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081001, Colombia
| | - Elkin Navarro Quiroz
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia (N.J.G.-F.)
| | | | - Nataly J. Galán-Freyle
- Life Science Research Center, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia (N.J.G.-F.)
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Li N, Jian C, Song Y, Wang L, Rehman AU, Fu Y, Zhang F, Chen DL, Zhu W. Scalable synthesis of MIL-88A(Fe) for efficient aerobic oxidation of cyclohexene to 2-cyclohexene-1-ol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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