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Qi K, Imparato C, Almjasheva O, Khataee A, Zheng W. TiO 2-based photocatalysts from type-II to S-scheme heterojunction and their applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 675:150-191. [PMID: 38968635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising sustainable technology to remove organic pollution and convert solar energy into chemical energy. Titanium dioxide has drawn extensive attention in this field owing to its high activity under UV light, good chemical stability, large availability, low price and low toxicity. However, the poor quantum efficiency derived from fast electron/hole recombination, the limited utilization of sunlight, and a weak reducing ability still hinder its practical application. Among the modification strategies of TiO2 to enhance its performance, the construction of heterojunctions with other semiconductors is a powerful and versatile way to maximise the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and steer their transport toward enhanced efficiency and selectivity. Here, the research progress and current status of TiO2 modification are reviewed, focusing on heterojunctions. A rapid evolution of the understanding of the different charge transfer mechanisms is witnessed from traditional type II to the recently conceptualised S-scheme. Particular attention is paid to different synthetic approaches and interface engineering methods designed to improve and control the interfacial charge transfer, and several cases of TiO2 heterostructures with metal oxides, metal sulfides and carbon nitride are discussed. The application hotspots of TiO2-based photocatalysts are summarized, including hydrogen generation by water splitting, solar fuel production by CO2 conversion, and the degradation of organic water pollutants. Hints about less studied and emerging processes are also provided. Finally, the main issues and challenges related to the sustainability and scalability of photocatalytic technologies in view of their commercialization are highlighted, outlining future directions of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Claudio Imparato
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Oksana Almjasheva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University "LETI", Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, Tianjin, China.
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Lan J, Qu S, Ye X, Zheng Y, Ma M, Guo S, Huang S, Li S, Kang J. Core-Shell Semiconductor-Graphene Nanoarchitectures for Efficient Photocatalysis: State of the Art and Perspectives. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:280. [PMID: 39249597 PMCID: PMC11383916 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor photocatalysis holds great promise for renewable energy generation and environment remediation, but generally suffers from the serious drawbacks on light absorption, charge generation and transport, and structural stability that limit the performance. The core-shell semiconductor-graphene (CSSG) nanoarchitectures may address these issues due to their unique structures with exceptional physical and chemical properties. This review explores recent advances of the CSSG nanoarchitectures in the photocatalytic performance. It starts with the classification of the CSSG nanoarchitectures by the dimensionality. Then, the construction methods under internal and external driving forces were introduced and compared with each other. Afterward, the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic applications of these nanoarchitectures were discussed, with a focus on their role in photocatalysis. It ends with a summary and some perspectives on future development of the CSSG nanoarchitectures toward highly efficient photocatalysts with extensive application. By harnessing the synergistic capabilities of the CSSG architectures, we aim to address pressing environmental and energy challenges and drive scientific progress in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshen Lan
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanzhi Qu
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengwei Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengshi Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuping Li
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junyong Kang
- Engineering Research Center of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, CI Center for OSED, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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Ullah K, Oh WC. Fabrication of Novel Heterostructure-Functionalized Graphene-Based TiO 2-Sr-Hexaferrite Photocatalyst for Environmental Remediation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:55. [PMID: 36615965 PMCID: PMC9824730 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel visible-light photocatalyst (titanium-dioxide-functionalized graphene/strontium-hexaferrites) TiO2-FG/Sr-hexaferrite nanocomposites were fabricated using a simple hydrothermal technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopic analysis, and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the composites as prepared. The unique TiO2-FG/Sr-hexaferrite-based composite catalyst reveals superior photocatalytic properties for the disintegration of organic dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (Rh. B) under visible-light irradiation. The result showed that the functionalized graphene with ternary structure improved the catalytic behavior of the composite due to the synergistic effect of the TiO2-FG boosted by the graphene surface to provide a fast conducting path to the photogenerated charge carrier. The markedly high photocatalytic behavior has been ascribed to the formation of the ternary structure between TiO2, FG, and Sr-hexaferrites through interface interaction. The prepared photocatalyst composite exhibited better recyclability, which further confirms its future uses as a photocatalyst in industrial waste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefayat Ullah
- Department of Applied Physical and Material Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber 19120, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 31962, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
ZnO and TiO2 are semiconductor nanomaterials that are widely used in photocatalysis. However, the relatively high recombination rate and low quantum yield of photogenerated electron–hole pairs limit their practical applications. In this study, a series of TiO2/ZnO/diatomite composites with various compositions were successfully prepared via a two-step precipitation method. They exhibited stronger UV–visible absorption properties and substantially lower fluorescence intensities than those of ZnO and ZnO/diatomite, which was mainly due to the low recombination rate of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs in the composite system. The reaction intermediates of methylene blue were detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the degradation process was determined. The best composite catalyst was used for the degradation of gaseous methylbenzene and gaseous acetone. The gaseous acetone degradation product was determined to be acetaldehyde via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results show that the composite catalyst exhibited a good photocatalytic degradation of both liquid pollutants and harmful volatile gases. When applied to the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, the composite catalyst retained a good photoresponsivity and electrolytic efficiency.
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