1
|
Ding Y, Zhang S, Liu C, Shao Y, Pan X, Bao X. CO 2-facilitated upcycling of polyolefin plastics to aromatics at low temperature. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae097. [PMID: 38660412 PMCID: PMC11042496 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastics are one of the most produced synthetic materials and largest commodities, used in numerous sectors of human life. To upcycle waste plastics into value-added chemicals is a global challenge. Despite significant progress in pyrolysis and hydrocracking, which mainly leads to the formation of pyrolysis oil, catalytic upcycling to value-added aromatics, including benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), in one step, is still limited by high reaction temperatures (>500°C) and a low yield. We report herein CO2-facilitated upcycling of polyolefins and their plastic products to aromatics below 300°C, enabled by a bifunctional Pt/MnOx-ZSM-5 catalyst. ZSM-5 catalyzes cracking of polyolefins and aromatization, generating hydrogen at the same time, while Pt/MnOx catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen with CO2, consequently driving the reaction towards aromatization. Isotope experiments reveal that 0.2 kg CO2 is consumed per 1.0 kg polyethylene and 90% of the consumed CO2 is incorporated into the aromatic products. Furthermore, this new process yields 0.63 kg aromatics (BTX accounting for 60%), comparing favorably with the conventional pyrolysis or hydrocracking processes, which produce only 0.33 kg aromatics. In this way, both plastic waste and the greenhouse gas CO2 are turned into carbon resources, providing a new strategy for combined waste plastics upcycling and carbon dioxide utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Shuchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiulian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carbon Dioxide Conversion on Supported Metal Nanoparticles: A Brief Review. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing concentration of anthropogenic CO2 in the air is one of the main causes of global warming. The Paris Agreement at COP 21 aims to reach the global peak of greenhouse gas emissions in the second half of this century, with CO2 conversion towards valuable added compounds being one of the main strategies, especially in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In the current search for new catalysts, the deposition of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) supported on metal oxides and metal carbide surfaces paves the way to new catalytic solutions. This review provides a comprehensive description and analysis of the relevant literature on the utilization of metal-supported NPs as catalysts for CO2 conversion to useful chemicals and propose that the next catalysts generation can be led by single-metal-atom deposition, since in general, small metal particles enhance the catalytic activity. Among the range of potential indicators of catalytic activity and selectivity, the relevance of NPs’ size, the strong metal–support interactions, and the formation of vacancies on the support are exhaustively discussed from experimental and computational perspective.
Collapse
|
3
|
Recent progress in plasma-catalytic conversion of CO2 to chemicals and fuels. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
4
|
The Activity of Ultrafine Cu Clusters Encapsulated in Nano-Zeolite for Selective Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowly dispersed ultrafine Cu clusters of sizes smaller than 2.0 nm have been encapsulated in nanosized silicalite-1 zeolite through direct crystallization in the presence of Cu(en)22+ complex ions as the metal precursor. The growing silicalite-1 crystals are rich in vacancy defects and connectivity defects on the grain boundaries, where the terminating silanols promote the decomposition of Cu(en)22+, thus the deposition of ultrafine Cu species. The obtained composite material as a model catalyst is active for CO2 activation and hydrogenation to methanol. The preliminary in situ FTIR study recognizes a series of surface-adsorbed carbonyl, formyl, carbonate, and formate species when the material is exposed to CO2 and H2. Among others, the adsorbed formate decays most rapidly upon cofeeding CO2 and H2, implying that the most probable pathway toward methanol formation over this material is via the formate-mediated mechanism.
Collapse
|
5
|
Meunier FC. Hydrogenation of CO and CO2: Contributions of IR operando studies. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|