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Takata N, Myburgh J, Botha A, Nomngongo PN. The importance and status of the micronutrient selenium in South Africa: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3703-3723. [PMID: 34708333 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a vital micronutrient with widespread biological action but leads to toxicity when taken in excessive amounts. The biological benefits of Se are mainly derived from its presence in active sites of selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx). An enzyme whose role is to protect tissues against oxidative stress by catalysing the reduction of peroxidase responsible for various forms of cellular damage. The benefits of Se can be harvested when proper regulations of its intake are used. In South Africa, Se distribution in people's diets and animals are low with socio-economic factors and heterogeneous spread of Se in soil throughout the country playing a significant role. The possible causes of low Se in soils may be influenced by underlying geological material, climatic conditions, and anthropogenic activities. Sedimentary rock formations show higher Se concentrations compared to igneous and metamorphic rock formations. Higher Se concentrations in soils dominates in humid and sub-humid areas of South Africa. Furthermore, atmospheric acid deposition dramatically influences the availability of Se to plants. The studies reviewed in this article have shown that atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is the most utilised analytical technique for total Se concentration determination in environmental samples and there is a lack of speciation data for Se concentrations. Shortcomings in Se studies have been identified, and the future research directions of Se in South Africa have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwabisa Takata
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, CSIR Campus, Building 5, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0182, South Africa
| | - Jan Myburgh
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Angelique Botha
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, CSIR Campus, Building 5, Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0182, South Africa
| | - Philiswa Nosizo Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
- Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)/National Research Foundation (NRF) South African Research Chair (SARChI): Nanotechnology for Water, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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Chen T, Zhang A, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Fu D, Liu M, Li A, Liu J. A molecularly imprinted nanoreactor with spatially confined effect fabricated with nano-caged cascaded enzymatic system for specific detection of monosaccharides. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 188:113355. [PMID: 34049253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx), traditionally regarded as an oxidoreductase with high β-D-glucose specificity, has been widely applied as sensing probe for β-D-glucose detection. However, it is found that the specificity of GOx is not absolute and GOx cannot decern β-D-glucose among its isomers such as xylose, mannose and galactose. The existence of the other monosaccharides in sensing system could compromise the sensitivity for β-D-glucose, therefore, it is of great urgency to achieve the highly specific catalytic performance of GOx. Herein, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOF) are prepared as the host matrix for immobilization of both GOx and bovine hemoglobin (BHb), obtained a cascaded catalytic system (MOF@GOx@BHb) with both enhanced GOx activity and peroxidase-like activity owing to the spatially confined effect. Then, using β-D-glucose as both template molecules and substances, hydroxyl radicals are produced continuously and applied for initiating the polymerization of molecular imprinting polymers (MIPs) on the surface of MOF@GOx@BHb. Impressively, the obtaining molecularly imprinted GOx (noted as MOF@GOx@BHb-MIPs) achieves the highly sensitive and specific detection of β-D-glucose in the concentration range of 0.5-20 μM with the LOD = 0.4 μM (S/N = 3) by colorimetry. Similarly, MOF@GOx@BHb-MIPs are subsequently obtained using mannose, xylose and galactose as template molecules, respectively, and also show satisfied specific catalytic activity towards corresponding templates, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy to achieve highly specific catalytic performance of GOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Aitang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Donglei Fu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Maosheng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Aihua Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China.
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 266071, China.
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Chen X, Li S, Cong X, Yu T, Zhu Z, Barba FJ, Marszalek K, Puchalski C, Cheng S. Optimization of Bacillus cereus Fermentation Process for Selenium Enrichment as Organic Selenium Source. Front Nutr 2020; 7:543873. [PMID: 33251240 PMCID: PMC7674919 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.543873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element and micronutrient for human health. Application of organic selenium in plants and microorganisms as trace element supplement is attracting more and more attention. In this study, Bacillus cereus, an important probiotic, was used for selenium enrichment with sodium selenite as selenium source. The growth curve of B. cereus was investigated, and 150 μg/ml was selected as the concentration of selenium for B. cereus fermentation. With application of response surface methodology, the optimal fermentation conditions were obtained as follows: inoculation quantity of 7%, culture temperature of 33°C, and shaking speed of 170 rpm, leading to the maximal selenium conversion ratio of 94.3 ± 0.2%. Field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometry evidenced that inorganic selenium had been successfully transformed. This study may contribute to get a strain with high Se conversion ratio, so as to extract organic selenium in the form of selenoprotein to be used for further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Chen
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyi Li
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Cong
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd, Enshi City, China
| | - Tian Yu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Enshi Se-Run Health Tech Development Co., Ltd, Enshi City, China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, València, Spain
| | - Krystian Marszalek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Czesław Puchalski
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen L. Glutathione Peroxidase-Activatable Two-Photon Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Redox Mechanism Research in Aging and Mercury Exposure Mice Models. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1997-2004. [PMID: 31858778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solid evidence confirms that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a kind of vital protease in the first-line antioxidant defense system and participates in regulation of redox homeostasis as well as the pentose phosphate pathway. However, the current methods cannot achieve real-time and in situ visualization studies of GPx. In addition, GPx is highly reactive and susceptible to external interference, and there is rare research for exploring the roles of GPx under environmental factor exposure. Herein, we report a novel two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe (TP-SS) for GPx detection for the first time. Using TP-SS, we explore the reversible catalytic cycle and the antioxidant mechanisms of GPx/GSH redox pool in aging and mercury exposure models. We detect the concentration fluctuation of GPx in aging and mercury exposure mice models. Also, we perform GPx detection in deep brain tissue and the imaging depth up to 100 μm. We believe that the novel two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe TP-SS can facilitate the development of GPx-targeting tools and offer great advances in exploring the physiological/pathological functions of GPx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Liangwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Research Center for Coastal Environmental Engineering and Technology , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai 264003 , China.,School of Pharmacy , Binzhou Medical University , Yantai 264003 , China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , China
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