1
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Bertheussen E, Pitscheider S, Cooper SR, Pittkowski R, Svane KL, Bornet A, Wisaeus EM, Jensen KMØ, Rossmeisl J, Arenz M, Kallesøe C, Pedersen CM. Impact of Nickel on Iridium-Ruthenium Structure and Activity for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Acidic Conditions. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:512-522. [PMID: 39280808 PMCID: PMC11393935 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology to produce hydrogen directly from renewable electricity sources due to its high power density and potential for dynamic operation. Widespread application of PEMWE is, however, currently limited due to high cost and low efficiency, for which high loading of expensive iridium catalyst and high OER overpotential, respectively, are important reasons. In this study, we synthesize highly dispersed IrRu nanoparticles (NPs) supported on antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) to maximize catalyst utilization. Furthermore, we study the effect of adding various amounts of Ni to the synthesis, both in terms of catalyst structure and OER activity. Through characterization using various X-ray techniques, we determine that the presence of Ni during synthesis yields significant changes in the structure of the IrRu NPs. With no Ni present, metallic IrRu NPs were synthesized with Ir-like structure, while the presence of Ni leads to the formation of IrRu oxide particles with rutile/hollandite structure. There are also clear indications that the presence of Ni yields smaller particles, which can result in better catalyst dispersion. The effect of these differences on OER activity was also studied through rotating disc electrode measurements. The IrRu-supported catalyst synthesized with Ni exhibited OER activity of up to 360 mA mgPGM -1 at 1.5 V vs RHE. This is ∼7 times higher OER activity than the best-performing IrO x benchmark reported in the literature and more than twice the activity of IrRu-supported catalyst synthesized without Ni. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to further elucidate the origin of the observed activity enhancement, showing no improvement in intrinsic OER activity for hollandite Ir and Ru compared to the rutile structures. We, therefore, hypothesize that the increased activity measured for the IrRu supported catalyst synthesized with Ni present is instead due to increased electrochemical surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlend Bertheussen
- Danish Technological Institute, Center for Functional Materials, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Simon Pitscheider
- Danish Technological Institute, Center for Functional Materials, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Susan R Cooper
- Danish Technological Institute, Center for Functional Materials, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Pittkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine L Svane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aline Bornet
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik M Wisaeus
- Danish Technological Institute, Center for Functional Materials, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kallesøe
- Danish Technological Institute, Center for Functional Materials, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
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2
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Hirano T, Tsuboi T, Ho TTN, Tanabe E, Takano A, Kataoka M, Ogi T. Macroporous Structures of Nb-SnO 2 Particles as a Catalyst Support Induce High Porosity and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10426-10433. [PMID: 39140557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Macroporous niobium-doped tin oxide (NTO) is introduced as a robust alternative to conventional carbon-based catalyst supports to improve the durability and performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Metal oxides like NTO are more stable than carbon under PEFC operational conditions, but they can compromise gas diffusion and water management because of their denser structures. To address this tradeoff, we synthesized macroporous NTO particles using a flame-assisted spray-drying technique employing poly(methyl methacrylate) as a templating agent. X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of crystallinity and revealed a macroporous morphology with larger pore volumes and diameters than those in flame-made NTO nanoparticles, as revealed by mercury porosimetry. The macroporous NTO particles exhibited enhanced maximum current density and reduced gas diffusion resistance relative to commercial carbon supports. Our findings establish a foundation for integrating macroporous NTO structures into PEFCs to optimize durability and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Hirano
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takama Tsuboi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Thi Thanh Nguyen Ho
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Eishi Tanabe
- Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-10-31 Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Aoi Takano
- Cataler Corporation, 7800 Chihama, Kakegawa, Shizuoka 437-1492, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kataoka
- Cataler Corporation, 7800 Chihama, Kakegawa, Shizuoka 437-1492, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogi
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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3
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Inaba M, Murase R, Takeshita T, Yano K, Kosaka S, Takahashi N, Isomura N, Oh-ishi K, Yoshimune W, Tsuchiya K, Nobukawa T, Kodama K. Synthesis of a Mesoporous SnO 2 Catalyst Support and the Effect of Its Pore Size on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10295-10306. [PMID: 38379515 PMCID: PMC10910439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness and challenges of applying mesoporous tin oxide (SnO2)-based supports for Pt catalysts in the cathodes of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) to simultaneously achieve high performance and high durability. Recently, the focus of PEFC application in automobiles has shifted to heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), which require high durability, high energy-conversion efficiency, and high power density. It has been reported that employing mesoporous carbon supports improves the initial performance by mitigating catalyst poisoning caused by sulfonic acid groups of the ionomer as well as by reducing the oxygen transport resistance through the Pt/ionomer interface. However, carbon materials in the cathode can degrade oxidatively during long-term operation, and more stable materials are desired. In this study, we synthesized connected mesoporous Sb-doped tin oxides (CMSbTOs) with controlled mesopore sizes in the range of 4-11 nm and tested their performance and durability as cathode catalyst supports. The CMSbTO supports exhibited higher fuel cell performance at a pore size of 7.3 nm than the solid-core SnO2-based, solid-core carbon, and mesoporous carbon supports under dry conditions, which can be attributed to the mitigation of the formation of the Pt/ionomer interface and the better proton conductivity within the mesopores even at the low-humidity conditions. In addition, the CMSbTO supports exhibited high durability under oxidative conditions. These results demonstrate the promising applicability of mesoporous tin oxide supports in PEFCs for HDVs. The remaining challenges, including the requirements for improving performance under wet conditions and stability under reductive conditions, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Inaba
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Murase
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | | | - Kazuhisa Yano
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Satoru Kosaka
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Naoko Takahashi
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Noritake Isomura
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Oh-ishi
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshimune
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
| | | | | | - Kensaku Kodama
- Toyota
Central R&D Laboratories., Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
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4
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Tang J, Su C, Shao Z. Advanced membrane-based electrode engineering toward efficient and durable water electrolysis and cost-effective seawater electrolysis in membrane electrolyzers. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20220112. [PMID: 38854490 PMCID: PMC10867400 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have been seeking for the most technically-economical water electrolysis technology for entering the next-stage of industrial amplification for large-scale green hydrogen production. Various membrane-based electrolyzers have been developed to improve electric-efficiency, reduce the use of precious metals, enhance stability, and possibly realize direct seawater electrolysis. While electrode engineering is the key to approaching these goals by bridging the gap between catalysts design and electrolyzers development, nevertheless, as an emerging field, has not yet been systematically analyzed. Herein, this review is organized to comprehensively discuss the recent progresses of electrode engineering that have been made toward advanced membrane-based electrolyzers. For the commercialized or near-commercialized membrane electrolyzer technologies, the electrode material design principles are interpreted and the interface engineering that have been put forward to improve catalytic sites utilization and reduce precious metal loading is summarized. Given the pressing issues of electrolyzer cost reduction and efficiency improvement, the electrode structure engineering toward applying precious metal free electrocatalysts is highlighted and sufficient accessible sites within the thick catalyst layers with rational electrode architectures and effective ions/mass transport interfaces are enabled. In addition, this review also discusses the innovative ways as proposed to break the barriers of current membrane electrolyzers, including the adjustments of electrode reaction environment, and the feasible cell-voltage-breakdown strategies for durable direct seawater electrolysis. Hopefully, this review may provide insightful information of membrane-based electrode engineering and inspire the future development of advanced membrane electrolyzer technologies for cost-effective green hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tang
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Chao Su
- School of Energy and PowerJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiangChina
| | - Zongping Shao
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering (WASM‐MECE)Curtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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5
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Clapp M, Zalitis C, Ryan M. Perspectives on Current and Future Iridium Demand and Iridium Oxide Catalysts for PEM Water Electrolysis. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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6
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Suhadolnik L, Bele M, Čekada M, Jovanovič P, Maselj N, Lončar A, Dražić G, Šala M, Hodnik N, Kovač J, Montini T, Melchionna M, Fornasiero P. Nanotubular TiO x N y -Supported Ir Single Atoms and Clusters as Thin-Film Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Acid Media. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:2612-2623. [PMID: 37008408 PMCID: PMC10061659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A versatile approach to the production of cluster- and single atom-based thin-film electrode composites is presented. The developed TiO x N y -Ir catalyst was prepared from sputtered Ti-Ir alloy constituted of 0.8 ± 0.2 at % Ir in α-Ti solid solution. The Ti-Ir solid solution on the Ti metal foil substrate was anodically oxidized to form amorphous TiO2-Ir and later subjected to heat treatment in air and in ammonia to prepare the final catalyst. Detailed morphological, structural, compositional, and electrochemical characterization revealed a nanoporous film with Ir single atoms and clusters that are present throughout the entire film thickness and concentrated at the Ti/TiO x N y -Ir interface as a result of the anodic oxidation mechanism. The developed TiO x N y -Ir catalyst exhibits very high oxygen evolution reaction activity in 0.1 M HClO4, reaching 1460 A g-1 Ir at 1.6 V vs reference hydrogen electrode. The new preparation concept of single atom- and cluster-based thin-film catalysts has wide potential applications in electrocatalysis and beyond. In the present paper, a detailed description of the new and unique method and a high-performance thin film catalyst are provided along with directions for the future development of high-performance cluster and single-atom catalysts prepared from solid solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Suhadolnik
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CNR-ICCOM Trieste and INSTM
Trieste Research Units, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Čekada
- Department
of Thin Films and Surfaces, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nik Maselj
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Lončar
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, SI-5000 Nova
Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, SI-5000 Nova
Gorica, Slovenia
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan
Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tiziano Montini
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CNR-ICCOM Trieste and INSTM
Trieste Research Units, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Melchionna
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CNR-ICCOM Trieste and INSTM
Trieste Research Units, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Fornasiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CNR-ICCOM Trieste and INSTM
Trieste Research Units, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Understanding the microstructure of a core-shell anode catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte water electrolysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4280. [PMID: 36922565 PMCID: PMC10017760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing precious metal loading in the anodic catalyst layer (CL) is indispensable for lowering capital costs and enabling the widespread adoption of polymer electrolyte water electrolysis. This work presents the first three-dimensional reconstruction of a TiO2-supported IrO2 based core shell CL (3 mgIrO2/cm2), using high-resolution X-ray ptychographic tomography at cryogenic temperature of 90 K. The high data quality and phase sensitivity of the technique have allowed the reconstruction of all four phases namely pore space, IrO2, TiO2 support matrix and the ionomer network, the latter of which has proven to be a challenge in the past. Results show that the IrO2 forms thin nanoporous shells around the TiO2 particles and that the ionomer has a non-uniform thickness and partially covers the catalyst. The TiO2 particles do not form a percolating network while all other phases have high connectivity. The analysis of the CL ionic and electronic conductivity shows that for a dry CL, the ionic conductivity is orders of magnitudes lower than the electronic conductivity. Varying the electronic conductivity of the support phase by simulations, reveals that the conductivity of the support does not have a considerable impact on the overall CL electrical conductivity.
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8
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Koderman Podboršek G, Suhadolnik L, Lončar A, Bele M, Hrnjić A, Marinko Ž, Kovač J, Kokalj A, Gašparič L, Surca AK, Kamšek AR, Dražić G, Gaberšček M, Hodnik N, Jovanovič P. Iridium Stabilizes Ceramic Titanium Oxynitride Support for Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2022; 12:15135-15145. [PMID: 36570081 PMCID: PMC9764282 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing iridium loading in the electrocatalyst presents a crucial challenge in the implementation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. In this respect, fine dispersion of Ir on electrically conductive ceramic supports is a promising strategy. However, the supporting material needs to meet the demanding requirements such as structural stability and electrical conductivity under harsh oxygen evolution reaction (OER) conditions. Herein, nanotubular titanium oxynitride (TiON) is studied as a support for iridium nanoparticles. Atomically resolved structural and compositional transformations of TiON during OER were followed using a task-specific advanced characterization platform. This combined the electrochemical treatment under floating electrode configuration and identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM) analysis of an in-house-prepared Ir-TiON TEM grid. Exhaustive characterization, supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, demonstrates and confirms that both the Ir nanoparticles and single atoms induce a stabilizing effect on the ceramic support via marked suppression of the oxidation tendency of TiON under OER conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorazd Koderman Podboršek
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Suhadolnik
- Department
for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127Trieste, Italy,
| | - Anja Lončar
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, SI-5000Nova
Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,
| | - Armin Hrnjić
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, SI-5000Nova
Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Živa Marinko
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department
for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Kovač
- Department
of Surface Engineering, Jožef Stefan
Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anton Kokalj
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova
39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Gašparič
- Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova
39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Centre
of Excellence for Low-Carbon Technologies, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angelja Kjara Surca
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rebeka Kamšek
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef
Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,University
of Nova Gorica, Vipavska
13, SI-5000Nova
Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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9
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Moriau L, Smiljanić M, Lončar A, Hodnik N. Supported Iridium-based Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts - Recent Developments. ChemCatChem 2022; 14:e202200586. [PMID: 36605357 PMCID: PMC9804445 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization of acidic proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) is heavily hindered by the price and scarcity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, i. e. iridium and its oxides. One of the solutions to enhance the utilization of this precious metal is to use a support to distribute well dispersed Ir nanoparticles. In addition, adequately chosen support can also impact the activity and stability of the catalyst. However, not many materials can sustain the oxidative and acidic conditions of OER in PEMWE. Hereby, we critically and extensively review the different materials proposed as possible supports for OER in acidic media and the effect they have on iridium performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Moriau
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Milutin Smiljanić
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Anja Lončar
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
- University of Nova GoricaVipavska 135000Nova GoricaSlovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials ChemistryNational Institute of ChemistryHajdrihova 191001LjubljanaSlovenia
- University of Nova GoricaVipavska 135000Nova GoricaSlovenia
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10
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Podboršek GK, Kamšek AR, Lončar A, Bele M, Suhadolnik L, Jovanovič P, Hodnik N. Atomically-resolved structural changes of ceramic supported nanoparticulate oxygen evolution reaction Ir catalyst. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Covalently Bonded Ir(IV) on Conducted Blue TiO2 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of anode electrode has been a primary obstacle for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media. We design Ir-oxygen of hydroxyl-rich blue TiO2 through covalent bonds (Ir–O2–2Ti) and investigate the outcome of favored exposure of different amounts of covalent Ir–oxygen linked to the conductive blue TiO2 in the acidic OER. The Ir-oxygen-blue TiO2 nanoclusters show a strong synergy in terms of improved conductivity and tiny amount usage of Ir by using blue TiO2 supporter, and enhanced stability using covalent Ir-oxygen-linking (i.e., Ir oxide) in acid media, leading to high acidic OER performance with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 342 mV, which is much higher than that of IrO2 at 438 mV in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. Notably, the Ir–O2–2Ti has a great mass activity of 1.38 A/mgIr at an overpotential 350 mV, which is almost 27 times higher than the mass activity of IrO2 at the same overpotential. Therefore, our work provides some insight into non-costly, highly enhanced, and stable electrocatalysts for the OER in acid media.
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12
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IrW nanochannel support enabling ultrastable electrocatalytic oxygen evolution at 2 A cm -2 in acidic media. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3540. [PMID: 34112770 PMCID: PMC8192761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A grand challenge for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers is the rational design of oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts to balance activity and stability. Here, we report a support-stabilized catalyst, the activated ~200 nm-depth IrW nanochannel that achieves the current density of 2 A cm−2 at an overpotential of only ~497 mV and maintains ultrastable gas evolution at 100 mA cm−2 at least 800 h with a negligible degradation rate of ~4 μV h−1. Structure analyses combined with theoretical calculations indicate that the IrW support alters the charge distribution of surface (IrO2)n clusters and effectively confines the cluster size within 4 (n≤4). Such support-stabilizing effect prevents the surface Ir from agglomeration and retains a thin layer of electrocatalytically active IrO2 clusters on surface, realizing a win-win strategy for ultrahigh OER activity and stability. This work would open up an opportunity for engineering suitable catalysts for robust proton exchange membrane-based electrolyzers. Although electrocatalytic water splitting can generating renewable fuels, it is challenging to find water oxidation catalysts that are stable in acid at high current densities. Here, authors explore IrW as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts maintaining high current densities for hundreds of hours.
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Immobilization of Ir(OH)3 Nanoparticles in Mesospaces of Al-SiO2 Nanoparticles Assembly to Enhance Stability for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridium hydroxide (Ir(OH)3) nanoparticles exhibiting high catalytic activity for water oxidation were immobilized inside mesospaces of a silica-nanoparticles assembly (SiO2NPA) to suppress catalytic deactivation due to agglomeration. The Ir(OH)3 nanoparticles immobilized in SiO2NPA (Ir(OH)3/SiO2NPA) catalyzed water oxidation by visible light irradiation of a solution containing persulfate ion (S2O82−) and tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ion ([RuII(bpy)3]2+) as a sacrificial electron acceptor and a photosensitizer, respectively. The yield of oxygen (O2) based on the used amount of S2O82− was maintained over 80% for four repetitive runs using Ir(OH)3/SiO2NPA prepared by the co-accumulation method, although the yield decreased for the reaction system using Ir(OH)3/SiO2NPA prepared by the equilibrium adsorption method or Ir(OH)3 nanoparticles without SiO2NPA support under the same reaction conditions. Immobilization of Ir(OH)3 nanoparticles in Al3+-doped SiO2NPA (Al-SiO2NPA) results in further enhancement of the catalytic stability with the yield of more than 95% at the fourth run of the repetitive experiments.
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Saveleva VA, Wang L, Kasian O, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Gallet JJ, Bournel F, Alonso-Vante N, Ozouf G, Beauger C, Mayrhofer KJJ, Cherevko S, Gago AS, Friedrich KA, Zafeiratos S, Savinova ER. Insight into the Mechanisms of High Activity and Stability of Iridium Supported on Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Aerogel for Anodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Saveleva
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 du CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - L. Wang
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - O. Kasian
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Batuk
- Department of Physics, EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J. Hadermann
- Department of Physics, EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J.-J. Gallet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron-Soleil, L’orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin − BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - F. Bournel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Synchrotron-Soleil, L’orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin − BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - N. Alonso-Vante
- IC2MP - UMR-CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4, rue Michel Brunet − B27 BP 633 − TSA 51106, F-86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - G. Ozouf
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, Centre for processes Renewable Energy and Energy Systems (PERSEE), CS 10207, Rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904, Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - C. Beauger
- MINES ParisTech, PSL University, Centre for processes Renewable Energy and Energy Systems (PERSEE), CS 10207, Rue Claude Daunesse, F-06904, Sophia-Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - K. J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. S. Gago
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - K. A. Friedrich
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
- Institute of Building Energetics, Thermal Engineering and Energy Storage (IGTE), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - S. Zafeiratos
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 du CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - E. R. Savinova
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Energie, l’Environnement et la Santé, UMR 7515 du CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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Rajan ZSHS, Binninger T, Kooyman PJ, Susac D, Mohamed R. Organometallic chemical deposition of crystalline iridium oxide nanoparticles on antimony-doped tin oxide support with high-performance for the oxygen evolution reaction. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00470g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic chemical deposition (OMCD) of epitaxially anchored rutile IrO2 nanoparticles on Sb-doped SnO2 support, with high-performance towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba S. H. S. Rajan
- HySA/Catalysis Centre of Competence
- Catalysis Institute
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Cape Town
- South Africa
| | | | - Patricia J. Kooyman
- Centre for Catalysis Research
- Catalysis Institute
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Cape Town
- South Africa
| | - Darija Susac
- HySA/Catalysis Centre of Competence
- Catalysis Institute
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Cape Town
- South Africa
| | - Rhiyaad Mohamed
- HySA/Catalysis Centre of Competence
- Catalysis Institute
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Cape Town
- South Africa
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Engineering Ternary Copper-Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets as High-performance Electrocatalysts toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational design and development of the low-cost and effective electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential in the storage and conversion of clean and renewable energy sources. Herein, a ternary copper-cobalt sulfide nanosheets electrocatalysts (denoted as CuCoS/CC) for electrochemical water oxidation has been synthesized on carbon cloth (CC) via the sulfuration of CuCo-based precursors. The obtained CuCoS/CC reveals excellent electrocatalytic performance toward OER in 1.0 M KOH. It exhibits a particularly low overpotential of 276 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2, and a small Tafel slope (58 mV decade−1), which is superior to the current commercialized noble-metal electrocatalysts, such as IrO2. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Cu and Co atoms and sulfidation, electrons transport and ions diffusion are significantly enhanced with the increase of active sites, thus the kinetic process of OER reaction is boosted. Our studies will serve as guidelines in the innovative design of non-noble metal electrocatalysts and their application in electrochemical water splitting
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Bizzotto F, Quinson J, Zana A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Dworzak A, Oezaslan M, Arenz M. Ir nanoparticles with ultrahigh dispersion as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts: synthesis and activity benchmarking. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a facile and straightforward approach to synthesize, activate and benchmark small, i.e. 1.6 nm in diameter, Ir nanoparticles (NP) as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bizzotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Chemistry Department
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandra Dworzak
- School of Mathematics and Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- School of Mathematics and Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
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