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Ahtasham Iqbal M, Akram S, Khalid S, Lal B, Hassan SU, Ashraf R, Kezembayeva G, Mushtaq M, Chinibayeva N, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A. Advanced photocatalysis as a viable and sustainable wastewater treatment process: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 253:118947. [PMID: 38744372 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In our era, water pollution not only poses a serious threat to human, animal, and biotic life but also causes serious damage to infrastructure and the ecosystem. A set of physical, chemical, and biological technologies have been exploited to decontaminate and/or disinfect water pollutants, toxins, microbes, and contaminants, but none of these could be ranked as sustainable and scalable wastewater technology. The photocatalytic process can harmonize the sunlight to degrade certain toxins, chemicals, microbes, and antibiotics, present in water. For example, transition metal oxides (ZnO, SnO2, TiO2, etc.), when integrated into an organic framework of graphene or nitrides, can bring about more than 90% removal of dyes, microbial load, pesticides, and antibiotics. Similarly, a modified network of graphitic carbon nitride can completely decontaminate petrochemicals. The present review will primarily highlight the mechanistic aspects for the removal and/or degradation of highly concerned contaminants, factors affecting photocatalysis, engineering designs of photoreactors, and pros and cons of various wastewater treatment technologies already in practice. The photocatalytic reactor can be a more viable and sustainable wastewater treatment opportunity. We hope the researcher will find a handful of information regarding the advanced oxidation process accomplished via photocatalysis and the benefits associated with the photocatalytic-type degradation of water pollutants and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumia Akram
- Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahreen Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Basant Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Science and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Sohaib Ul Hassan
- Department of Irrigation & Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gulmira Kezembayeva
- Mining and Metallurgical Institute Named After O.A. Baikonurov, Department Chemical Processes and Industrial Ecology, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | - Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura-140417, Punjab, India; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Photoelectrochemical Conversion of Sewage Water into H2 Fuel over the CuFeO2/CuO/Cu Composite Electrode. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of delafossite, CuFeO2, as a primary photocatalytic material for hydrogen generation. A photoelectrode, CuFeO2/CuO/Cu, was prepared by combusting a Cu foil dipped in FeCl3 in ambient air. This photoelectrode showed excellent optical behavior for the hydrogen generation reaction from sewage water, producing 90 µmol/h of H2. The chemical structure was confirmed through XRD and XPS analyses, and the crystalline rhombohedral shape of CuFeO2 was confirmed using SEM and TEM analyses. With a bandgap of 1.35 ev, the prepared material displayed excellent optical properties. Electrochemical measurements for H2 gas generation were carried out using the CuFeO2/CuO/Cu photoelectrode, comparing the effect of light and dark and monochromatic wavelength light. The electrode exhibited significant enhancement in light compared to dark, with current density (Jph) values of −0.83 and −0.1 mA·cm−2, respectively. The monochromatic light also had a noticeable effect, with the Jph value increasing from −0.45 to −0.79 mA·cm−2 as the wavelength increased from 640 to 390 nm. This system is cheap and durable, making it a promising solution for hydrogen gas fuel generation in the industry.
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Al-Nuaim MA, Alwasiti AA, Shnain ZY. The photocatalytic process in the treatment of polluted water. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023; 77:677-701. [PMID: 36213320 PMCID: PMC9527146 DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Wastewaters often contain toxic organic pollutants with a possible adverse effect on human health and aquatic life upon exposure. Persistent organic pollutants such as dyes and pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals are gaining extensive attention. Water treatment utilizing photocatalysis has recently received a lot of interest. Photocatalysis is cutting-edge, alternative technology. It has various advantages, including functioning at normal temperatures and atmospheric pressure, cheap prices, no secondary waste creation, and being readily available and easily accessible. This review presented a comprehensive overview of the advances in the application of the photocatalytic process in the treatment of highly polluted industrial wastewater. The analysis of various literature revealed that TiO2-based photocatalysts are highly effective in degrading organic pollutants from wastewater compared to other forms of wastewater treatment technologies. The electrical structure of a semiconductor plays a vital role in the photocatalyst's mechanism. The morphology of a photocatalyst is determined by the synthesis method, chemical content, and technical characteristics. The scaled-up of the photoreactors will significantly help in curbing the effect of organic pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah A. Al-Nuaim
- Chemical Engineering, Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Asawer A. Alwasiti
- Chemical Engineering, Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Zainab Y. Shnain
- Chemical Engineering, Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
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ATO/Polyaniline/PbS Nanocomposite as Highly Efficient Photoelectrode for Hydrogen Production from Wastewater with Theoretical Study for the Water Splitting. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5628032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline-assisted deposition of PbS is carried out on antimony tin oxide (ATO) glass for ATO/PANI/PbS composite formation. The deposition of PbS was carried out inside and outside the polymer chains using the ionic adsorption deposition process. Various analyses were conducted to confirm the chemical structure and morphological, optical, and electrical properties of the resulting composite. TEM and SEM analyses demonstrated the spherical shape of PbS particles inside and outside the PANI network with more dark or white color, respectively. Moreover, the ImageJ program confirmed the composite formation. The XRD characterization showed the shifts in the PANI peaks after the composite formation with the appearance of a new additional peak related to PbS nanoparticles. The optical analyses were massively enhanced after the composite formation with more broadening in the Vis region at 630 nm, in which there was more enhancement in the bandgap that reached 1.5 eV. The electrode application in the H2 generation process was carried out from wastewater (sewage water, third treatment) without any additional sacrificing agent. The electrode responded well to light, where the current density (
) changed from 10-6 to 0.13 mA.cm-2 under dark and light, respectively. The electrode had high reproducibility and stability. The numbers of generated H2 moles were 0.1 mmol/cm2.h. The produced
and
were 7.3 kJ/mol and 273.4 J/mol.K, respectively. Finally, the mechanism explains the H2 generation reaction using three-electrode cell.
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Gamma-Rays Induced Synthesis of Ag-Decorated ZnCo2O4–MoS2 Heterostructure as Novel Photocatalyst and Effective Antimicrobial Agent for Wastewater Treatment Application. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of novel semiconductors-based-photocatalysts is a promising strategy for addressing environmental pollution. In the present study, gamma irradiation was utilized to induce the synthesis of the exceptionally efficient Ag-decorated ZnCo2O4–MoS2 heterostructure. XRD and EDX analyses were verified the successful synthesis of Ag-decorated ZnCo2O4–MoS2 heterostructure. Also, SEM and HR-TEM images were illustrated the heterostructure nature of the synthesized photocatalyst in the nanoscale regime. The obtained optical bandgap values verified that photocatalyst possesses a narrow semiconductor bandgap. Further, the Ag-decorated ZnCo2O4–MoS2 heterostructure exhibited superior photodegradation potential towards MB (95.4% removal of the MB). The antimicrobial potency of the synthesized samples had been investigated through ZOI, MIC, growth curve assay, and the effect of UV illumination. Also, the antibiofilm behaviour has been studied. The antibacterial reaction mechanism had been estimated by membrane leakage assay and SEM imaging. The tested samples displayed a positive potency to a broad spectrum of bacteria like Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. In particular, Ag–MoS2–ZnCo2O4 nanocomposite possessed the highest impact, followed by the spinal ZnCo2O4 NPs towards all the tested pathogenic microbes. In this assessment, the Ag-decorated ZnCo2O4–MoS2 heterostructure has been shown to be a promising candidate for wastewater treatment application.
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Hu C, Yang M. Enhanced •OH generation and pollutants removal by framework Cu doped LaAlO 3/Al 2O 3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128578. [PMID: 35247733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly dispersed framework Cu+/Cu2+ containing LaAlO3/Al2O3 (La-Cu-Al) was synthesized by a solid-liquid mixed sol-gel method. Excessive Al2O3 was confirmed to be necessary for the formation of LaAlO3. The NMR, EXAFS, FTIR and element mapping results revealed that Cu+/Cu2+ preferred to substitute octahedral Al sites and bonded by Cu-O-Al in the lattice of LaAlO3. Compared to La2CuO4, CuAl2O4 and other reported Fenton-like catalysts, La-Cu-Al was more efficient to mineralize refractory pollutants at a wide pH range of 4.0-10.0. More single electrons around Cu center and octahedral Cu+ were confirmed to be responsible for the effective reduction of H2O2 into powerful •OH. Moreover, organic pollutants as electron donors could interact with surface Cu to accelerate Cu2+/Cu+ cycle and affect O-O bond of H2O2 on La-Cu-Al surface, further promoting the reduction of H2O2 into •OH. These processes resulted in the high H2O2 utilization and the highly efficient removal of pollutants on La-Cu-Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Bunch of Grape-Like Shape PANI/Ag2O/Ag Nanocomposite Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation from Wastewater. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4282485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) and PANI/Ag2O/Ag composites I and II were prepared under different AgNO3 oxidant concentrations using the oxidative photopolymerization method. The chemical structure and optical, electrical, and morphological properties were determined for the prepared nanocomposite. The PANI/Ag2O/Ag composite II has the optimum optical properties, in which the bandgaps of PANI, composite I, and composite II are 3.02, 1.71, and 1.68 eV, respectively, with the morphology of a bunch of grape-like shapes with average particles sizes of 25 nm. Under the optimum optical properties, glass/PANI/Ag2O/Ag composite II electrode is used for hydrogen generation from sewage water. The measurements are carried out from a three-electrode cell under a xenon lamp. The effects of light wavelengths and temperature on the produced current density (
) are mentioned. Under the applied voltage (at 30°C), the current density values (
) increase from 0.003 to 0.012 mA.cm-2 in dark and light, respectively. While increasing the temperature,
values increase to 0.032 mAcm-2 at 60°C. The thermodynamic parameters are calculated, in which the activation energy (
), enthalpy (
), and entropy (
) values are 27.1 kJ·mol-1, 24.5 J mol-1, and 140.5 J K-1 mol-1, respectively. Finally, a simple mechanism for the produced hydrogen generation rate is mentioned. The prepared electrode is a very cheap (1$ for
) electrode.
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Conversion of Sewage Water into H 2 Gas Fuel Using Hexagonal Nanosheets of the Polyaniline-Assisted Deposition of PbI 2 as a Nanocomposite Photocathode with the Theoretical Qualitative Ab-Initio Calculation of the H 2O Splitting. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112148. [PMID: 35683821 PMCID: PMC9183036 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is very promising for providing a renewable enrgy (H2 gas fuel) under the elctrochemical splitting of the wastwater (sewage water). This study has double benefits: hydrogen generation and contaminations removel. This study is carried out on sewage water, third stage treated, from Beni-Suef city, Egypt. Antimony tin oxide (ATO)/polyaniline (PANI)/PbI2 photoelectrode is prepared through the in situ oxidative polymerization of PANI on ATO, then PANI is used as an assistant for PbI2 deposition using the ionic adsorption deposition method. The chemical structural, morphological, electrical, and optical properties of the composite are confirmed using different analytical tools such as X-ray diffreaction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmision electron microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The prepared PbI2 inside the composite has a crystal size of 33 nm (according to the peak at 12.8°) through the XRD analyses device. SEM and TEM confirm the hexagonal PbI2 sheets embedded on the PANI nanopores surface. Moreover, the bandgap values are enhanced very much after the composite formation, in which the bandgap values for PANI and PANI/PbI2 are 3 and 2.51 eV, respectively. The application of ATO/PANI/PbI2 nanocomposite electrode for sewage splitting and H2 generation is carried out through a three-electrode cell. The measurements carreid out using the electrocehical worksattion under th Xenon lamp (100 mW.cm−2). The produced current density (Jph) is 0.095 mA.cm−2 at 100 mW.cm−2 light illumination. The photoelectrode has high reproducibility and stability, in which and the number of H2 moles is 6 µmole.h−1.cm−1. The photoelectrode response to different monochromatic light, in which the produced Jph decreases from 0.077 to 0.072 mA.cm−2 with decreasing of the wavelengths from 390 to 636 nm, respectively. These values confirms the high response of the ATO/PANI/PbI2 nanocomposite electrode for the light illuminaton and hydrogen genration under broad light region. The thermodynamic parameters: activation energy (Ea), enthalpy (ΔH*), and entropy (ΔS*) values are 7.33 kJ/mol, −4.7 kJ/mol, and 203.3 J/mol.K, respectively. The small values of ΔS* relted to the high sesnivity of the prepared elctrode for the water splitting and then the hydrogen gneration. Finally, a theoretical study was mentioned for calculation geometry, electrochemical, and thermochemistry properties of the polyaniline/PbI2 nanocomposite as compared with that for the polyaniline.
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Hadia NMA, Abdelazeez AAA, Alzaid M, Shaban M, Mohamed SH, Hoex B, Hajjiah A, Rabia M. Converting Sewage Water into H 2 Fuel Gas Using Cu/CuO Nanoporous Photocatalytic Electrodes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1489. [PMID: 35208029 PMCID: PMC8879772 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on H2 fuel generation from sewage water using Cu/CuO nanoporous (NP) electrodes. This is a novel concept for converting contaminated water into H2 fuel. The preparation of Cu/CuO NP was achieved using a simple thermal combustion process of Cu metallic foil at 550 °C for 1 h. The Cu/CuO surface consists of island-like structures, with an inter-distance of 100 nm. Each island has a highly porous surface with a pore diameter of about 250 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of monoclinic Cu/CuO NP material with a crystallite size of 89 nm. The prepared Cu/CuO photoelectrode was applied for H2 generation from sewage water achieving an incident to photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 14.6%. Further, the effects of light intensity and wavelength on the photoelectrode performance were assessed. The current density (Jph) value increased from 2.17 to 4.7 mA·cm-2 upon raising the light power density from 50 to 100 mW·cm-2. Moreover, the enthalpy (ΔH*) and entropy (ΔS*) values of Cu/CuO electrode were determined as 9.519 KJ mol-1 and 180.4 JK-1·mol-1, respectively. The results obtained in the present study are very promising for solving the problem of energy in far regions by converting sewage water to H2 fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;
- Basic Sciences Research Unit, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Adel A. Abdelazeez
- Nanoscale Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Meshal Alzaid
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (M.S.); (M.R.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Prince Naifbin Abdulaziz, Al Jamiah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
| | - S. H. Mohamed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Prince Naifbin Abdulaziz, Al Jamiah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia;
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Bram Hoex
- School of Photovoltaics and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Ali Hajjiah
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Safat 13113, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Rabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; (M.S.); (M.R.)
- Nanomaterials Science Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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Abbas HA, Nasr RA, Vannier RN, Jamil TS. Improving of photocatalytic activity of barium ferrate via bismuth and copper co-doping for degradation of paracetamol under visible light irradiation. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 112:331-342. [PMID: 34955216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized Ba1-xBixFe1-xCuxO3 (12-50 nm) with x values of 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 system was prepared using the Pechini method. Structural, morphological, surface and optical characterizations were performed for the prepared samples. Cubic phase was the predominant phase for the undoped BaFeO3 and Bi and Cu co-doped BaFeO3 samples. Minor phases of monoclinic Ba2Fe2O5, orthorhombic BaFe2O4 and orthorhombic BaCO3 were identified for all the prepared samples. Ba0.95Bi0.05Fe0.95Cu0.05O3 sample has the lowest band gap (2.43 eV). 98.1% paracetamol removal was achieved with 0.75 g/L of Ba0.95Bi0.05Fe0.95Cu0.05O3 at pH 9 after 120 min. The paracetamol degradation follows the pseudo first-order kinetics. HO• is the main oxidative species responsible for the paracetamol degradation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed at the end of the photocatalytic degradation experiment under optimum operating condition using Ba0.95Bi0.05Fe0.95Cu0.05O3 to explain the reaction mechanism and identify the intermediate by-products which is confirmed by ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy study at different reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussien Ahmed Abbas
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rabab Ahmed Nasr
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Rose-Noëlle Vannier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS), Lille 59000, France
| | - Tarek Samir Jamil
- Water Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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The Effect of Calcium Perovskite and Newly Developed Magnetic CaFe2O4/CaTiO3 Perovskite Nanocomposite on Degradation of Toxic Dyes Under UV–Visible Radiation. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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The Influence of Photocatalytic Reactors Design and Operating Parameters on the Wastewater Organic Pollutants Removal—A Mini-Review. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic pollutants removal by conventional methods (adsorption, coagulation, filtration, microorganism and enzymes) showed important limitation due to the reluctance of these molecules. An alternative to this issue is represented by the photocatalytic technology considered as an advanced oxidation process (AOP). The photoreactors design and concepts vary based on the working regime (static or dynamic), photocatalyst morphology (powders or bulk) and volume. This mini-review aims to provide specific guidelines on the correlations between the photoreactor concept characteristics (working regime, volume and flow rate), irradiation scenarios (light spectra, irradiation period and intensity) and the photocatalytic process parameters (photocatalyst materials and dosage, pollutant type and concentration, pollutant removal efficiency and constant rate). The paper considers two main photoreactor geometries (cylindrical and rectangular) and analyses the influence of parameters optimization on the overall photocatalytic efficiency. Based on the systematic evaluation of the input data reported in the scientific papers, several perspectives regarding the photocatalytic reactors’ optimization were included.
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Editorial: Special Issue Catalysis by Precious Metals, Past and Future. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precious metal catalysis is often synonymous with diversity and versatility [...]
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