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Song L, Qiu Q, Ju F, Zheng C. Mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis; therapeutic targets and approaches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024:110140. [PMID: 39243924 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin plays a pivotal role in the treatment of various malignancies. Despite its efficacy, the cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin limits its clinical utility. The cardiotoxic nature of doxorubicin is attributed to several mechanisms, including its interference with mitochondrial function, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the subsequent damage to cardiomyocyte DNA, proteins, and lipids. Furthermore, doxorubicin disrupts the homeostasis of cardiac-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways, exacerbating cardiac dysfunction. Oxidative stress, cell death, and other severe changes, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and infiltration of immune cells in the heart after treatment with doxorubicin, may cause inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Fibrosis and inflammation can lead to a range of disorders in the heart, resulting in potential cardiac dysfunction and disease. Various adjuvants have shown potential in preclinical studies to mitigate these challenges associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Antioxidants, plant-based products, specific inhibitors, and cardioprotective drugs may be recommended to alleviate cardiotoxicity. This review explores the complex mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced heart inflammation and fibrosis, identifies possible cellular and molecular targets, and investigates potential substances that could help reduce these harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai City, Shandong Province, 264001, China
| | - Qingzhuo Qiu
- Medical Imaging Department of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, 266000, China
| | - Fei Ju
- Department of Critical Care, Medicine East Hospital of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 266000, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Cadre Health Office of Zibo Central Hospital in Shandong Province, 255000, China.
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2
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Feng Y, Lau S, Chen Q, Oyston C, Groom K, Barrett CJ, Chamley LW. Normotensive placental extracellular vesicles provide long-term protection against hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 231:350.e1-350.e24. [PMID: 38158074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with normotensive pregnancy are at a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease postpartum compared with those who experience hypertensive conditions during pregnancy. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. During normotensive pregnancy, vast numbers of placental extracellular vesicles are released into the maternal circulation, which protect endothelial cells from activation and alter maternal vascular tone. We hypothesized that placental extracellular vesicles play a mechanistic role in lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease following normotensive pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of placental extracellular vesicles derived from normotensive term placentae on the cardiovascular system and explore the mechanisms underlying their biological effects. STUDY DESIGN Spontaneously hypertensive rats were injected with placental extracellular vesicles from normotensive term pregnancies (2 mg/kg each time, n=8) or vehicle control (n=9) at 3 months of age. Blood pressure and cardiac function were regularly monitored from 3 months to 15 months of age. The response of mesenteric resistance arteries to vasoactive substances was investigated to evaluate vascular function. Cardiac remodeling, small artery remodeling, and renal function were investigated to comprehensively assess the impact of placental extracellular vesicles on cardiovascular and renal health. RESULTS Compared with vehicle-treated control animals, rats treated with normotensive placental extracellular vesicles exhibited a significantly lower increase in blood pressure and improved cardiac function. Furthermore, the vasodilator response to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine was significantly enhanced in the normotensive placental extracellular vesicle-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with the control. Moreover, treatment with placental extracellular vesicles reduced wall thickening of small renal vessels and attenuated renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION Placental extracellular vesicles from normotensive term pregnancies have long-lasting protective effects reducing hypertension and mitigating cardiovascular damage in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yourong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sandy Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Oyston
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katie Groom
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn J Barrett
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Burgy O, Mayr CH, Schenesse D, Fousekis Papakonstantinou E, Ballester B, Sengupta A, She Y, Hu Q, Melo-Narvaéz MC, Jain E, Pestoni JC, Mozurak M, Estrada-Bernal A, Onwuka U, Coughlan C, Parimon T, Chen P, Heimerl T, Bange G, Schmeck BT, Lindner M, Hilgendorff A, Ruppert C, Güenther A, Mann M, Yildirim AÖ, Eickelberg O, Jung AL, Schiller HB, Lehmann M, Burgstaller G, Königshoff M. Fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles contain SFRP1 and mediate pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168889. [PMID: 39315549 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal chronic lung disease characterized by aberrant intercellular communication, extracellular matrix deposition, and destruction of functional lung tissue. While extracellular vesicles (EVs) accumulate in the IPF lung, their cargo and biological effects remain unclear. We interrogated the proteome of EV and non-EV fractions during pulmonary fibrosis and characterized their contribution to fibrosis. EVs accumulated 14 days after bleomycin challenge, correlating with decreased lung function and initiated fibrogenesis in healthy precision-cut lung slices. Label-free proteomics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid EVs (BALF-EVs) collected from mice challenged with bleomycin or control identified 107 proteins enriched in fibrotic vesicles. Multiomic analysis revealed fibroblasts as a major cellular source of BALF-EV cargo, which was enriched in secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1). Sfrp1 deficiency inhibited the activity of fibroblast-derived EVs to potentiate lung fibrosis in vivo. SFRP1 led to increased transitional cell markers, such as keratin 8, and WNT/β-catenin signaling in primary alveolar type 2 cells. SFRP1 was expressed within the IPF lung and localized at the surface of EVs from patient-derived fibroblasts and BALF. Our work reveals altered EV protein cargo in fibrotic EVs promoting fibrogenesis and identifies fibroblast-derived vesicular SFRP1 as a fibrotic mediator and potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Burgy
- INSERM U1231 Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine (CTM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Christoph H Mayr
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Déborah Schenesse
- INSERM U1231 Center for Translational and Molecular Medicine (CTM), Faculty of Health Sciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Beatriz Ballester
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Yixin She
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maria Camila Melo-Narvaéz
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Eshita Jain
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanine C Pestoni
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Molly Mozurak
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adriana Estrada-Bernal
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ugochi Onwuka
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Gert Bange
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and
| | - Bernd T Schmeck
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Giessen Biobank, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, DZL, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Lindner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
- Paracelsus Medical Private University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Giessen Biobank, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, DZL, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Güenther
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Giessen Biobank, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, DZL, Giessen, Germany
- European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg), Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, UGMLC, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, DZL, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry - Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Herbert B Schiller
- Institute of Experimental Pneumology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit for Precision Regenerative Medicine, Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) with the CPC-M BioArchive and Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the DZL, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Center for Lung Aging and Regeneration (CLAR), Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) at the VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Beyoğlu D, Popov YV, Idle JR. The Metabolomic Footprint of Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2024; 13:1333. [PMID: 39195223 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Both experimental and clinical liver fibrosis leave a metabolic footprint that can be uncovered and defined using metabolomic approaches. Metabolomics combines pattern recognition algorithms with analytical chemistry, in particular, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and various liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. The analysis of liver fibrosis by each of these methodologies is reviewed separately. Surprisingly, there was little general agreement between studies within each of these three groups and also between groups. The metabolomic footprint determined by NMR (two or more hits between studies) comprised elevated lactate, acetate, choline, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, histidine, methionine, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate. For GC-MS, succinate, fumarate, malate, ascorbate, glutamate, glycine, serine and, in agreement with NMR, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and citrate were delineated. For LC-MS, only β-muricholic acid, tryptophan, acylcarnitine, p-cresol, valine and, in agreement with NMR, phosphocholine were identified. The metabolomic footprint of liver fibrosis was upregulated as regards glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, citrate and phosphocholine. Several investigators employed traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments to reverse experimental liver fibrosis, and a commentary is given on the chemical constituents that may possess fibrolytic activity. It is proposed that molecular docking procedures using these TCM constituents may lead to novel therapies for liver fibrosis affecting at least one-in-twenty persons globally, for which there is currently no pharmaceutical cure. This in-depth review summarizes the relevant literature on metabolomics and its implications in addressing the clinical problem of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
| | - Yury V Popov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
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Toghiani R, Azimian Zavareh V, Najafi H, Mirian M, Azarpira N, Abolmaali SS, Varshosaz J, Tamaddon AM. Hypoxia-preconditioned WJ-MSC spheroid-derived exosomes delivering miR-210 for renal cell restoration in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:240. [PMID: 39080774 PMCID: PMC11289969 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) technology have paved the way for innovative treatment options for various diseases. These stem cells play a crucial role in tissue regeneration and repair, releasing local anti-inflammatory and healing signals. However, challenges such as homing issues and tumorigenicity have led to exploring MSC-exosomes as a promising alternative. MSC-exosomes have shown therapeutic potential in conditions like renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, but low production yields hinder their clinical use. METHODS To address this limitation, we examined hypoxic preconditioning of Wharton jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) 3D-cultured in spheroids on isolated exosome yields and miR-21 expression. We then evaluated their capacity to load miR-210 into HEK-293 cells and mitigate ROS production, consequently enhancing their survival and migration under hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions. RESULTS MiR-210 overexpression was significantly induced by optimized culture and preconditioning conditions, which also improved the production yield of exosomes from grown MSCs. The exosomes enriched with miR-210 demonstrated a protective effect by improving survival, reducing apoptosis and ROS accumulation in damaged renal cells, and ultimately promoting cell migration. CONCLUSION The present study underscores the possibility of employing advanced techniques to maximize the therapeutic attributes of exosomes produced from WJ-MSC spheroid for improved recovery outcomes in ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Toghiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vajihe Azimian Zavareh
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanyieh Najafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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6
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Ilg MM, Bustin SA, Ralph DJ, Cellek S. TGF-β1 induces formation of TSG-6-enriched extracellular vesicles in fibroblasts which can prevent myofibroblast transformation by modulating Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12389. [PMID: 38811625 PMCID: PMC11136978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as important mediators of cell-to-cell communication in the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases. One such disease is Peyronie's disease (PD), a fibrotic disorder of the penis caused by uncontrolled transformation of resident fibroblasts to alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts. These cells produce large amounts of extracellular matrix, leading to formation of a plaque in the penile tunica albuginea (TA), causing pain, penile curvature, and erectile dysfunction. We have used primary fibroblasts derived from the TA of PD patients to explore the role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), a key signalling factor in this process. TGF-β1 treatment elicited a range of responses from the myofibroblasts: (i) they secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were more numerous and differed in size and shape from those secreted by fibroblasts, (ii) these EVs prevented TGF-β1-induced transformation of fibroblasts in a manner that was dependent on vesicle uptake and (iii) they prevented phosphorylation of Erk1/2, a critical component in modulating fibrogenic phenotypic responses, but did not affect TGF-β1-induced Smad-signalling. We posit that this effect could be linked to enrichment of TSG-6 in myofibroblast-derived EVs. The ability of myofibroblast-derived vesicles to prevent further myofibroblast transformation may establish them as part of an anti-fibrotic negative feedback loop, with potential to be exploited for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus M Ilg
- Medical Technology Research Centre, HEMS, SoAH, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Stephen A Bustin
- Medical Technology Research Centre, HEMS, SoAH, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - David J Ralph
- Medical Technology Research Centre, HEMS, SoAH, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK
- Urology Department, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selim Cellek
- Medical Technology Research Centre, HEMS, SoAH, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, CM1 1SQ, UK.
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7
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Jiao W, Hao J, Liu JM, Gao WN, Zhao JJ, Li YJ. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicle-incorporated H19 attenuates cardiac remodeling in rats with heart failure. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:46-62. [PMID: 37885317 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is manifested by hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, resulting in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as modifiers of cardiac remodeling. In this study, we aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of H19 shuttled by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) in cardiac remodeling upon heart failure (HF). Using the GEO database, H19, microRNA (miR)-29b-3p, and CDC42 were screened out as differentially expressed biomolecules in HF. H19 and CDC42 were elevated, and miR-29b-3p was decreased after MSC-EV treatment in rats subjected to ligation of the coronary artery. MSC-EV alleviated myocardial injury in rats with HF. H19 downregulation exacerbated myocardial injury, while miR-29b-3p inhibitor alleviated myocardial injury. By contrast, CDC42 downregulation aggravated the myocardial injury again. PI3K/AKT pathway was activated by MSC-EV. These findings provide insights into how H19 shuttled by EV mitigates cardiac remodeling through a competitive endogenous RNA network regarding miR-29b-3p and CDC42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Nian Gao
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- Graduate Academy of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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8
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Malhotra K, Van Remortel S, Ly V, Davis DR. Combinatorial Effect of Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301980. [PMID: 37811703 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure, a pervasive global health burden, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising contenders for cardiac repair, owing to their profound influence on fibrosis and inflammation. Merging EVs with biomaterials holds the potential for a synergistic leap in therapeutic efficacy. In this review, the impact of combining EVs with biomaterials in preclinical heart failure models is scrutinized. Fifteen studies, predominantly employing mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs along with hyaluronic acid or peptides in coronary ligation models, meet these stringent criteria. The amalgamation of EVs and biomaterials consistently enhances cardiac ejection fraction (1.39; 95% CI: 0.68, 2.11; p = 0.0001) and fractional shortening (1.46, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.22; p = 0.0002) compared to EV monotherapy. Secondary outcomes similarly showcased improvement in the combined treatment group. Although the number of studies analyzed is modest, no indications of publication bias surface. In summary, combination therapy with EVs and biomaterials enhances therapeutic benefit in preclinical heart failure models. The consistent improvement observed across diverse EV sources, biomaterials, and animal models underscores the exciting potential of this synergistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Malhotra
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Sophie Van Remortel
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Valentina Ly
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
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9
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Paw M, Kusiak AA, Nit K, Litewka JJ, Piejko M, Wnuk D, Sarna M, Fic K, Stopa KB, Hammad R, Barczyk-Woznicka O, Cathomen T, Zuba-Surma E, Madeja Z, Ferdek PE, Bobis-Wozowicz S. Hypoxia enhances anti-fibrotic properties of extracellular vesicles derived from hiPSCs via the miR302b-3p/TGFβ/SMAD2 axis. BMC Med 2023; 21:412. [PMID: 37904135 PMCID: PMC10617123 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibrosis is one of the top killers among fibrotic diseases and continues to be a global unaddressed health problem. The lack of effective treatment combined with the considerable socioeconomic burden highlights the urgent need for innovative therapeutic options. Here, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that were cultured under various oxygen concentrations. METHODS EVs were isolated from three hiPSC lines cultured under normoxia (21% O2; EV-N) or reduced oxygen concentration (hypoxia): 3% O2 (EV-H3) or 5% O2 (EV-H5). The anti-fibrotic activity of EVs was tested in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis, followed by a detailed investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Sequencing of EV miRNAs combined with bioinformatics analysis was conducted and a selected miRNA was validated using a miRNA mimic and inhibitor. Finally, EVs were tested in a mouse model of angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis. RESULTS We provide evidence that an oxygen concentration of 5% enhances the anti-fibrotic effects of hiPS-EVs. These EVs were more effective in reducing pro-fibrotic markers in activated human cardiac fibroblasts, when compared to EV-N or EV-H3. We show that EV-H5 act through the canonical TGFβ/SMAD pathway, primarily via miR-302b-3p, which is the most abundant miRNA in EV-H5. Our results show that EV-H5 not only target transcripts of several profibrotic genes, including SMAD2 and TGFBR2, but also reduce the stiffness of activated fibroblasts. In a mouse model of heart fibrosis, EV-H5 outperformed EV-N in suppressing the inflammatory response in the host and by attenuating collagen deposition and reducing pro-fibrotic markers in cardiac tissue. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we provide evidence of superior anti-fibrotic properties of EV-H5 over EV-N or EV-H3. Our study uncovers that fine regulation of oxygen concentration in the cellular environment may enhance the anti-fibrotic effects of hiPS-EVs, which has great potential to be applied for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paw
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kusiak
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Nit
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek J Litewka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Piejko
- 3Rd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Fic
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga B Stopa
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ruba Hammad
- Freiburg iPS Core Facility, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woznicka
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Toni Cathomen
- Freiburg iPS Core Facility, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Gene Therapy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł E Ferdek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Cell Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Wong YS, Mançanares AC, Navarrete FI, Poblete PM, Méndez-Pérez L, Ferreira-Dias GML, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Castro FO. Mare stromal endometrial cells differentially modulate inflammation depending on oestrus cycle status: an in vitro study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1271240. [PMID: 37869492 PMCID: PMC10587403 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1271240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of inflammation is pivotal for uterine homeostasis. Here we evaluated the effect of the oestrus cycle on the expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers in a cellular model of induced fibrosis. Mare endometrial stromal cells isolated from follicular or mid-luteal phase were primed with 10 ng/mL of TGFβ alone or in combination with either IL1β, IL6, or TNFα (10 ng/mL each) or all together for 24 h. Control cells were not primed. Messenger and miRNA expression were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Cells in the follicular phase primed with pro-inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression of collagen-related genes (CTGF, COL1A1, COL3A1, and TIMP1) and mesenchymal marker (SLUG, VIM, CDH2, and CDH11) genes; p < 0.05. Cells primed during the mid-luteal overexpressed genes associated with extracellular matrix, processing, and prostaglandin E synthase (MMP2, MMP9, PGR, TIMP2, and PTGES; p < 0.05). There was a notable upregulation of pro-fibrotic miRNAs (miR17, miR21, and miR433) in the follicular phase when the cells were exposed to TGFβ + IL1β, TGFβ + IL6 or TGFβ + IL1β + IL6 + TNFα. Conversely, in cells from the mid-luteal phase, the treatments either did not or diminished the expression of the same miRNAs. On the contrary, the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (miR26a, miR29b, miR29c, miR145, miR378, and mir488) were not upregulated with treatments in the follicular phase. Rather, they were overexpressed in cells from the mid-luteal phase, with the highest regulation observed in TGFβ + IL1β + IL6 + TNFα treatment groups. These miRNAs were also analyzed in the extracellular vesicles secreted by the cells. A similar trend as seen with cellular miRNAs was noted, where anti-fibrotic miRNAs were downregulated in the follicular phase, while notably elevated pro-fibrotic miRNAs were observed in extracellular vesicles originating from the follicular phase. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may amplify the TGFβ signal in the follicular phase resulting in significant upregulation of extracellular matrix-related genes, an imbalance in the metalloproteinases, downregulation of estrogen receptors, and upregulation of pro-fibrotic factors. Conversely, in the luteal phase, there is a protective role mediated primarily through an increase in anti-fibrotic miRNAs, a decrease in SMAD2 phosphorylation, and reduced expression of fibrosis-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yat S. Wong
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Ana C. Mançanares
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Felipe I. Navarrete
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pamela M. Poblete
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Lídice Méndez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Graça M. L. Ferreira-Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Morphology and Function, CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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Kulus J, Kranc W, Kulus M, Bukowska D, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Antosik P. New Gene Markers of Exosomal Regulation Are Involved in Porcine Granulosa Cell Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11873. [PMID: 37511632 PMCID: PMC10380331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal regulation is intimately involved in key cellular processes, such as migration, proliferation, and adhesion. By participating in the regulation of basic mechanisms, extracellular vesicles are important in intercellular signaling and the functioning of the mammalian reproductive system. The complexity of intercellular interactions in the ovarian follicle is also based on multilevel intercellular signaling, including the mechanisms involving cadherins, integrins, and the extracellular matrix. The processes in the ovary leading to the formation of a fertilization-ready oocyte are extremely complex at the molecular level and depend on the oocyte's ongoing relationship with granulosa cells. An analysis of gene expression from material obtained from a primary in vitro culture of porcine granulosa cells was employed using microarray technology. Genes with the highest expression (LIPG, HSD3B1, CLIP4, LOX, ANKRD1, FMOD, SHAS2, TAGLN, ITGA8, MXRA5, and NEXN) and the lowest expression levels (DAPL1, HSD17B1, SNX31, FST, NEBL, CXCL10, RGS2, MAL2, IHH, and TRIB2) were selected for further analysis. The gene expression results obtained from the microarrays were validated using quantitative RT-qPCR. Exosomes may play important roles regarding intercellular signaling between granulosa cells. Therefore, exosomes may have significant applications in regenerative medicine, targeted therapy, and assisted reproduction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kulus
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiology Graduate Faculty, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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12
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Debnath K, Heras KL, Rivera A, Lenzini S, Shin JW. Extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2023; 8:390-402. [PMID: 38463907 PMCID: PMC10919209 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-023-00551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in microenvironments harbors a variety of signals to control cellular functions and the materiality of tissues. Most efforts to synthetically reconstitute the matrix by biomaterial design have focused on decoupling cell-secreted and polymer-based cues. Cells package molecules into nanoscale lipid membrane-bound extracellular vesicles and secrete them. Thus, extracellular vesicles inherently interact with the meshwork of the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we discuss various aspects of extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. Cells receive feedback from the extracellular matrix and leverage intracellular processes to control the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Once secreted, various biomolecular and biophysical factors determine whether extracellular vesicles are locally incorporated into the matrix or transported out of the matrix to be taken up by other cells or deposited into tissues at a distal location. These insights can be utilized to develop engineered biomaterials where EV release and retention can be precisely controlled in host tissue to elicit various biological and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Debnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kevin Las Heras
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ambar Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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13
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Barkin JM, Jin-Smith B, Torok K, Pi L. Significance of CCNs in liver regeneration. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00762-x. [PMID: 37202628 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has an inherent regenerative capacity via hepatocyte proliferation after mild-to-modest damage. When hepatocytes exhaust their replicative ability during chronic or severe liver damage, liver progenitor cells (LPC), also termed oval cells (OC) in rodents, are activated in the form of ductular reaction (DR) as an alternative pathway. LPC is often intimately associated with hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation to promote liver fibrosis. The Cyr61/CTGF/Nov (CCN) protein family consists of six extracellular signaling modulators (CCN1-CCN6) with affinity to a repertoire of receptors, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Through these interactions, CCN proteins organize microenvironments and modulate cell signalings in a diverse variety of physiopathological processes. In particular, their binding to subtypes of integrin (αvβ5, αvβ3, α6β1, αvβ6, etc.) influences the motility and mobility of macrophages, hepatocytes, HSC, and LPC/OC during liver injury. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the significance of CCN genes in liver regeneration in relation to hepatocyte-driven or LPC/OC-mediated pathways. Publicly available datasets were also searched to compare dynamic levels of CCNs in developing and regenerating livers. These insights not only add to our understanding of the regenerative capability of the liver but also provide potential targets for the pharmacological management of liver repair in the clinical setting. Ccns in liver regeneration Restoring damaged or lost tissues requires robust cell growth and dynamic matrix remodeling. Ccns are matricellular proteins highly capable of influencing cell state and matrix production. Current studies have identified Ccns as active players in liver regeneration. Cell types, modes of action, and mechanisms of Ccn induction may vary depending on liver injuries. Hepatocyte proliferation is a default pathway for liver regeneration following mild-to-modest damages, working in parallel with the transient activation of stromal cells, such as macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Liver progenitor cells (LPC), also termed oval cells (OC) in rodents, are activated in the form of ductular reaction (DR) and are associated with sustained fibrosis when hepatocytes lose their proliferative ability in severe or chronic liver damage. Ccns may facilitate both hepatocyte regeneration and LPC/OC repair via various mediators (growth factors, matrix proteins, integrins, etc.) for cell-specific and context-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Barkin
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brady Jin-Smith
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kendle Torok
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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14
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Fertala J, Wang ML, Rivlin M, Beredjiklian PK, Abboud J, Arnold WV, Fertala A. Extracellular Targets to Reduce Excessive Scarring in Response to Tissue Injury. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050758. [PMID: 37238628 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive scar formation is a hallmark of localized and systemic fibrotic disorders. Despite extensive studies to define valid anti-fibrotic targets and develop effective therapeutics, progressive fibrosis remains a significant medical problem. Regardless of the injury type or location of wounded tissue, excessive production and accumulation of collagen-rich extracellular matrix is the common denominator of all fibrotic disorders. A long-standing dogma was that anti-fibrotic approaches should focus on overall intracellular processes that drive fibrotic scarring. Because of the poor outcomes of these approaches, scientific efforts now focus on regulating the extracellular components of fibrotic tissues. Crucial extracellular players include cellular receptors of matrix components, macromolecules that form the matrix architecture, auxiliary proteins that facilitate the formation of stiff scar tissue, matricellular proteins, and extracellular vesicles that modulate matrix homeostasis. This review summarizes studies targeting the extracellular aspects of fibrotic tissue synthesis, presents the rationale for these studies, and discusses the progress and limitations of current extracellular approaches to limit fibrotic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Mark L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Pedro K Beredjiklian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joseph Abboud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - William V Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Rothman Institute of Orthopaedics, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrzej Fertala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Deng H, Wang J, An R. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels: As an exosome delivery system in bone regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131001. [PMID: 37007032 PMCID: PMC10063825 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing various ingredients such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins, which play a significant role in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated the important role of exosomes in bone regeneration through promoting the expression of osteogenic-related genes and proteins in mesenchymal stem cells. However, the low targeting ability and short circulating half-life of exosomes limited their clinical application. In order to solve those problems, different delivery systems and biological scaffolds have been developed. Hydrogel is a kind of absorbable biological scaffold composed of three-dimensional hydrophilic polymers. It not only has excellent biocompatibility and superior mechanical strength but can also provide a suitable nutrient environment for the growth of the endogenous cells. Thus, the combination between exosomes and hydrogels can improve the stability and maintain the biological activity of exosomes while achieving the sustained release of exosomes in the bone defect sites. As an important component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and cancer. In recent years, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels have been used as an exosome delivery system for bone regeneration and have displayed positive effects. This review mainly summarized the potential mechanism of HA and exosomes in promoting bone regeneration and the application prospects and challenges of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels as exosome delivery devices in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ran An
- *Correspondence: Jiecong Wang, ; Ran An,
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Groves AM, Paris N, Hernady E, Johnston CJ, Aljitawi O, Lee YF, Kerns SL, Marples B. Prevention of Radiation-Induced Bladder Injury: A Murine Study Using Captopril. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:972-982. [PMID: 36400304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pelvic radiation therapy (RT) can cause debilitating bladder toxicities but few clinical interventions exist to prevent injury or alleviate symptoms. From a large genome-wide association study in patients with prostate cancer it was previously reported that SNPs tagging AGT, part of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), correlated with patient-reported late hematuria, identifying a potential targetable pathway to prevent RT-induced bladder injury. To investigate this association, we performed a preclinical study to determine whether RAS modulation protected the bladder against RT injury. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57BL/6 male mice were treated with an oral angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi: 0.3g/L captopril) 5 days before focal bladder X-irradiation with either single dose (SD) 30 Gy or 3 fractions of 8 Gy (8 Gy × 3 in 5 days). RT was delivered using XStrahl SARRP Muriplan CT-image guidance with parallel-opposed lateral beams. ACEi was maintained for 20 weeks post RT. Bladder toxicity was assessed using assays to identify local injury that included urinalysis, functional micturition, bladder-released exosomes, and histopathology, as well as an assessment of systemic changes in inflammatory-mediated circulating immune cells. RESULTS SD and fractionated RT increased urinary frequency and reduced the volume of individual voids at >14 weeks, but not at 4 weeks, compared with nonirradiated animals. Urothelial layer width was positively correlated with mean volume of individual voids (P = .0428) and negatively correlated with number of voids (P = .028), relating urothelial thinning to changes in RT-mediated bladder dysfunction. These chronic RT-induced changes in micturition patterns were prevented by captopril treatment. Focal bladder irradiation significantly increased the mean particle count of urine extracellular vesicles and the monocyte and neutrophil chemokines CCL2 and MIP-2, and the proportions of circulating inflammatory-mediated neutrophils and monocytes, which was also prevented by captopril. Exploratory transcriptomic analysis of bladder tissue implicated inflammatory and erythropoietic pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that systemic modulation of the RAS protected against and alleviated RT-induced late bladder injury but larger confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Groves
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Nicole Paris
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Eric Hernady
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Omar Aljitawi
- Departments of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yi-Fen Lee
- Departments of Urology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Sarah L Kerns
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Brian Marples
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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17
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Jimenez SA, Piera-Velazquez S. Probable role of exosomes in the extension of fibrotic alterations from affected to normal cells in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:999-1008. [PMID: 35944210 PMCID: PMC9977136 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SSc is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by frequently progressive cutaneous and internal organ fibrosis causing severe disability, organ failure and high mortality. A remarkable feature of SSc is the extension of the fibrotic alterations to nonaffected tissues. The mechanisms involved in the extension of fibrosis have remained elusive. We propose that this process is mediated by exosome microvesicles released from SSc-affected cells that induce an activated profibrotic phenotype in normal or nonaffected cells. Exosomes are secreted microvesicles involved in an intercellular communication system. Exosomes can transfer their macromolecular content to distant target cells and induce paracrine effects in the recipient cells, changing their molecular pathways and gene expression. Confirmation of this hypothesis may identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for extension of the SSc fibrotic process from affected cells to nonaffected cells and may allow the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and The Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and The Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Safadi DE, Lebeau G, Lagrave A, Mélade J, Grondin L, Rosanaly S, Begue F, Hoareau M, Veeren B, Roche M, Hoarau JJ, Meilhac O, Mavingui P, Desprès P, Viranaïcken W, Krejbich-Trotot P. Extracellular Vesicles Are Conveyors of the NS1 Toxin during Dengue Virus and Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020364. [PMID: 36851578 PMCID: PMC9965858 DOI: 10.3390/v15020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), produced during viral infections, are of emerging interest in understanding infectious processes and host-pathogen interactions. EVs and exosomes in particular have the natural ability to transport nucleic acids, proteins, and other components of cellular or viral origin. Thus, they participate in intercellular communication, immune responses, and infectious and pathophysiological processes. Some viruses are known to hijack the cell production and content of EVs for their benefit. Here, we investigate whether two pathogenic flaviviruses i.e., Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV2) could have an impact on the features of EVs. The analysis of EVs produced by infected cells allowed us to identify that the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), described as a viral toxin, is associated with exosomes. This observation could be confirmed under conditions of overexpression of recombinant NS1 from each flavivirus. Using different isolation methods (i.e., exosome isolation kit, size exclusion chromatography, Polyethylene Glycol enrichment, and ELISA capture), we showed that NS1 was present as a dimer at the surface of excreted exosomes, and that this association could occur in the extracellular compartment. This finding could be of major importance in a physiological context. Indeed, this capacity of NS1 to address EVs and its implication in the pathophysiology during Dengue or Zika diseases should be explored. Furthermore, exosomes that have demonstrated a natural capacity to vectorize NS1 could serve as useful tools for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daed El Safadi
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Grégorie Lebeau
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Alisé Lagrave
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Julien Mélade
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Lauriane Grondin
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Sarah Rosanaly
- Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Floran Begue
- Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Mathilde Hoareau
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Bryan Veeren
- Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Marjolaine Roche
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Hoarau
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Unité Mixte Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Wildriss Viranaïcken
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: (W.V.); (P.K.-T.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 97490 Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: (W.V.); (P.K.-T.)
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19
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Tanaka HY, Nakazawa T, Enomoto A, Masamune A, Kano MR. Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Fibrotic Barriers to Nanomedicine in the Pancreatic Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030724. [PMID: 36765684 PMCID: PMC9913712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is notorious for its dismal prognosis. The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect theory posits that nanomedicines (therapeutics in the size range of approximately 10-200 nm) selectively accumulate in tumors. Nanomedicine has thus been suggested to be the "magic bullet"-both effective and safe-to treat pancreatic cancer. However, the densely fibrotic tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer impedes nanomedicine delivery. The EPR effect is thus insufficient to achieve a significant therapeutic effect. Intratumoral fibrosis is chiefly driven by aberrantly activated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) components secreted. Fibroblast and ECM abnormalities offer various potential targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we detail the diverse strategies being tested to overcome the fibrotic barriers to nanomedicine in pancreatic cancer. Strategies that target the fibrotic tissue/process are discussed first, which are followed by strategies to optimize nanomedicine design. We provide an overview of how a deeper understanding, increasingly at single-cell resolution, of fibroblast biology is revealing the complex role of the fibrotic stroma in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and consider the therapeutic implications. Finally, we discuss critical gaps in our understanding and how we might better formulate strategies to successfully overcome the fibrotic barriers in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Y. Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakazawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya-shi 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi 980-8574, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu R. Kano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomedicine, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi 700-8530, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence:
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20
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Patel NJ, Ashraf A, Chung EJ. Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of the Extracellular Matrix. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:136. [PMID: 36829629 PMCID: PMC9952427 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles secreted into the extracellular space by all cell types. EVs transfer their cargo which includes nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids to facilitate cell-to-cell communication. As EVs are released and move from parent to recipient cell, EVs interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) which acts as a physical scaffold for the organization and function of cells. Recent work has shown that EVs can modulate and act as regulators of the ECM. This review will first discuss EV biogenesis and the mechanism by which EVs are transported through the ECM. Additionally, we discuss how EVs contribute as structural components of the matrix and as components that aid in the degradation of the ECM. Lastly, the role of EVs in influencing recipient cells to remodel the ECM in both pathological and therapeutic contexts is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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21
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Kim KP, Williams CE, Lemmon CA. Cell-Matrix Interactions in Renal Fibrosis. KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS 2022; 2:607-624. [PMID: 37033194 PMCID: PMC10081509 DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of end-stage chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which disrupts cellular organization and function within the kidney. Here, we review the bi-directional interactions between cells and the ECM that drive renal fibrosis. We will discuss the cells involved in renal fibrosis, changes that occur in the ECM, the interactions between renal cells and the surrounding fibrotic microenvironment, and signal transduction pathways that are misregulated as fibrosis proceeds. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell-ECM crosstalk will identify novel targets to better identify and treat renal fibrosis and associated renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin P. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Caitlin E. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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22
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Teng L, Maqsood M, Zhu M, Zhou Y, Kang M, Zhou J, Chen J. Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing via Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization, Angiogenesis, and Collagen Deposition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810421. [PMID: 36142334 PMCID: PMC9498995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some scholars have suggested that the clinical application of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs-exo) might represent a novel strategy to improve diabetic wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of hucMSCs-exo on wound healing remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the mechanism of hucMSCs-exo in treating diabetic wounds. HucMSCs-exo were isolated from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) and subcutaneously injected into full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats. Wound healing closure rates and histological analysis were performed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage mannose receptor (MMR/CD206), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The degree of collagen deposition was examined using Masson’s trichrome staining. Gross evaluation of wound healing was carried out from day 0 to 14 post-surgery, and the wound site was harvested for histology on days 3, 7, and 14 post-wounding. HucMSCs-exo transplantation increased diabetic wound healing. In vitro, hucMSCs-exo promoted the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo, hucMSCs-exo reduced wound area and inflammatory infiltration and increased collagen fibers. In addition, wound tissues in the hucMSCs-exo group had higher CD206, CD31, and VEGF expressions and lower TNF-α levels than those in the control group on day 14. Our results demonstrated that hucMSCs-exo facilitated diabetic wound repair by inducing anti-inflammatory macrophages and promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Teng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Maria Maqsood
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingzhu Kang
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Heath Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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The fibrogenic niche in kidney fibrosis: components and mechanisms. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:545-557. [PMID: 35788561 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) that leads to tissue scarring, is the final common outcome of a wide variety of chronic kidney diseases. Rather than being distributed uniformly across the kidney parenchyma, renal fibrotic lesions initiate at certain focal sites in which the fibrogenic niche is formed in a spatially confined fashion. This niche provides a unique tissue microenvironment that is orchestrated by a specialized ECM network consisting of de novo-induced matricellular proteins. Other structural elements of the fibrogenic niche include kidney resident and infiltrated inflammatory cells, extracellular vesicles, soluble factors and metabolites. ECM proteins in the fibrogenic niche recruit soluble factors including WNTs and transforming growth factor-β from the extracellular milieu, creating a distinctive profibrotic microenvironment. Studies using decellularized ECM scaffolds from fibrotic kidneys show that the fibrogenic niche autonomously promotes fibroblast proliferation, tubular injury, macrophage activation and endothelial cell depletion, pathological features that recapitulate key events in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. The concept of the fibrogenic niche represents a paradigm shift in understanding of the mechanism of kidney fibrosis that could lead to the development of non-invasive biomarkers and novel therapies not only for chronic kidney disease, but also for fibrotic diseases of other organs.
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24
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Gholaminejad A, Ghaeidamini M, Simal-Gandara J, Roointan A. An Integrative in silico Study to Discover Key Drivers in Pathogenicity of Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2022; 47:410-422. [PMID: 35306494 DOI: 10.1159/000524133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a clinical-pathologic condition marked by segmental and localized glomerular damages. Despite investigations, the molecular mechanisms behind FSGS development remain to be more clarified. By a comprehensive analysis of an FSGS-related array set, the aim of this study was to unravel the top pathways and molecules involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. METHODS FSGS-related microarray dataset (GSE129973) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database was quality checked, analyzed, and its differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (log2 fold change > 1) were used for the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network (STRING). The degree of centrality was considered to select the hub molecules in the network. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to construct co-expression modules. Hub molecules were selected based on module membership and gene significance values in the disease's most correlated module. After spotting the key molecules considering both strategies, their expression pattern was checked in other FSGS microarray datasets. Gene ontology and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs of the related module. RESULTS After quality checking, normalization, and analysis of the dataset, 5,296 significant DEGs, including 2,469 upregulated and 2,827 downregulated DEGs were identified. The WGCNA algorithm clustered the DEGs into nine independent co-expression modules. The disease most correlated module (black module) was recognized and considered for further enrichment analysis. The immune system, cell cycle, and vesicle-mediated transports were among the top enriched terms for the identified module's DEGs. The immune system, cell cycle, and vesicle-mediated transports were among the top enriched terms for the black module's DEGs. The key molecules (BMP-2 and COL4A1) were identified as common hub molecules extracted from the two methods of PPI and the co-expressed networks. The two identified key molecules were validated in other FSGS datasets, where a similar pattern of expression was observed for both the genes. CONCLUSIONS Two hub molecules (BMP-2 and COL4A) and some pathways (vesicle-mediated transport) were recognized as potential players in the pathogenesis of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Gholaminejad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghaeidamini
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Amir Roointan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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25
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Trophic and immunomodulatory effects of adipose tissue derived stem cells in a preclinical murine model of endometriosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8031. [PMID: 35577867 PMCID: PMC9110373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis, which exhibits enigmatic pathological features such as stromal fibrosis and proliferation of ectopic epithelial cells, is known as a refractory disease. Mesenchymal stem cells modulate the fibrosis in stromal tissues through their trophic and immunomodulatory properties. To investigate the potential of stem cells in treating endometriosis, we examined the secondary morphology and molecular alterations in endometriosis-like lesions after the administration of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) to an experimental murine model of endometriosis. The infused ASCs were found integrated in the endometriosis-like lesions. Accompanied by the suppression of stromal fibrosis and proliferation of endometriotic epithelial cells, the infusion of ASCs with stemness potential (early passage of ASCs) suppressed the growth of endometriosis-like lesions and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines, whereas no significant attenuation of endometriosis-like lesions occurred after the infusion of ASCs without stemness potential (late passage of ASCs). Accordingly, the trophic and immunomodulatory properties of ASCs may regulate fibrosis in endometriosis-like lesions, suggesting that regenerative medicine could be recognized as an innovative treatment for patients with endometriosis through the accumulation of evidence of preclinical efficacy.
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26
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Avalos PN, Forsthoefel DJ. An Emerging Frontier in Intercellular Communication: Extracellular Vesicles in Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849905. [PMID: 35646926 PMCID: PMC9130466 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration requires cellular proliferation, differentiation, and other processes that are regulated by secreted cues originating from cells in the local environment. Recent studies suggest that signaling by extracellular vesicles (EVs), another mode of paracrine communication, may also play a significant role in coordinating cellular behaviors during regeneration. EVs are nanoparticles composed of a lipid bilayer enclosing proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other metabolites, and are secreted by most cell types. Upon EV uptake by target cells, EV cargo can influence diverse cellular behaviors during regeneration, including cell survival, immune responses, extracellular matrix remodeling, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In this review, we briefly introduce the history of EV research and EV biogenesis. Then, we review current understanding of how EVs regulate cellular behaviors during regeneration derived from numerous studies of stem cell-derived EVs in mammalian injury models. Finally, we discuss the potential of other established and emerging research organisms to expand our mechanistic knowledge of basic EV biology, how injury modulates EV biogenesis, cellular sources of EVs in vivo, and the roles of EVs in organisms with greater regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla N. Avalos
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David J. Forsthoefel
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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27
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Tackling the effects of extracellular vesicles in fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151221. [PMID: 35405464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a physiological process of tissue repair that turns into pathological when becomes chronic, damaging the functional structure of the tissue. In this review we outline the current status of extracellular vesicles as modulators of the fibrotic process at different levels. In adipose tissue, extracellular vesicles mediate the intercellular communication not only between adipocytes, but also between adipocytes and other cells of the stromal vascular fraction. Thus, they could be altering essential processes for the functionality of adipose tissue, such as adipocyte hypertrophy/hyperplasia, tissue plasticity, adipogenesis and/or inflammation, and ultimately trigger fibrosis. This process is particularly important in obesity, and may eventually, influence the development of obesity-associated alterations. In this regard, obesity is now recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease, although the role of extracellular vesicles in this connection has not been explored so far. Nonetheless, the role of extracellular vesicles in the onset and progression of renal fibrosis has been highlighted due to the critical role of fibrosis as a common feature of kidney diseases. In fact, the content of extracellular vesicles disturbs cellular signaling cascades involved in fibrosis in virtually all types of renal cells. What is certain is that the study of extracellular vesicles is complex, as their isolation and manipulation is still difficult to reproduce, which complicates the overview of their physiopathological effects. Nevertheless, new strategies have been developed to exploit the potential of extracellular vesicles and their cargo, both as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools to prevent the progression of fibrosis towards an irreversible event.
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28
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Yang T, Wang J, Zhao J, Liu Y. Current and prospective applications of exosomal microRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:37. [PMID: 35088880 PMCID: PMC8815412 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible and life‑threatening lung disease. However, the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of this condition remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are structures derived from the plasma membrane, with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 5 µm, that play an important role in cell‑to‑cell communications in lung disease, particularly between epithelial cells and the pulmonary microenvironment. In particular, exosomes are a type of EV that can deliver cargo molecules, including endogenous proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, such as microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). These cargo molecules are encapsulated in lipid bilayers through target cell internalization, receptor‑ligand interactions or lipid membrane fusion. miRNAs are single‑stranded RNA molecules that regulate cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis by degrading target mRNAs or inhibiting translation to modulate gene expression. The aim of the present review was to discuss the current knowledge available on exosome biogenesis, composition and isolation methods. The role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PF was also reviewed. In addition, emerging diagnostic and therapeutic properties of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs in PF were described, in order to highlight the potential applications of exosomal miRNAs in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
- The First Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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29
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Lee SA, Yoo TH. Therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles for various kidney diseases: a brief review. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 34903318 PMCID: PMC8810552 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sul A Lee
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Tae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Salvati A, Poelstra K. Drug Targeting and Nanomedicine: Lessons Learned from Liver Targeting and Opportunities for Drug Innovation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:217. [PMID: 35057111 PMCID: PMC8777931 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug targeting and nanomedicine are different strategies for improving the delivery of drugs to their target. Several antibodies, immuno-drug conjugates and nanomedicines are already approved and used in clinics, demonstrating the potential of such approaches, including the recent examples of the DNA- and RNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 infections. Nevertheless, targeting remains a major challenge in drug delivery and different aspects of how these objects are processed at organism and cell level still remain unclear, hampering the further development of efficient targeted drugs. In this review, we compare properties and advantages of smaller targeted drug constructs on the one hand, and larger nanomedicines carrying higher drug payload on the other hand. With examples from ongoing research in our Department and experiences from drug delivery to liver fibrosis, we illustrate opportunities in drug targeting and nanomedicine and current challenges that the field needs to address in order to further improve their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salvati
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.P.); Tel.: +31-503639831 (A.S.); +31-503633287 (K.P.)
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.P.); Tel.: +31-503639831 (A.S.); +31-503633287 (K.P.)
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Nazarie (Ignat) SR, Gharbia S, Hermenean A, Dinescu S, Costache M. Regenerative Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells' (MSCs) Secretome for Liver Fibrosis Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413292. [PMID: 34948088 PMCID: PMC8705326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injuries lead to liver fibrosis and then to end-stage liver cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is often needed as a course of treatment for patients in critical conditions, but limitations associated with transplantation prompted the continuous search for alternative therapeutic strategies. Cell therapy with stem cells has emerged as an attractive option in order to stimulate tissue regeneration and liver repair. Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could trans-differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and, moreover, show anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory effects. However, cell transplantation may lead to some uncontrolled side effects, risks associated with tumorigenesis, and cell rejection. MSCs' secretome includes a large number of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), through which they exert their therapeutic role. This could represent a cell-free strategy, which is safer and more effective than MSC transplantation. In this review, we focus on cell therapies based on MSCs and how the MSCs' secretome impacts the mechanisms associated with liver diseases. Moreover, we discuss the important therapeutic role of EVs and how their properties could be further used in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona-Rebeca Nazarie (Ignat)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Sami Gharbia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldiș” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Sorina Dinescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-R.N.); (S.G.); (A.H.); (M.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Giacomelli C, Piccarducci R, Marchetti L, Romei C, Martini C. Pulmonary fibrosis from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions: lessons from post-COVID-19 patients. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114812. [PMID: 34687672 PMCID: PMC8546906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterised by several grades of chronic inflammation and collagen deposition in the interalveolar space and is a hallmark of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Recently, infectious agents have emerged as driving causes for PF development; however, the role of viral/bacterial infections in the initiation and propagation of PF is still debated. In this context, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has been associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and PF development. Although the infection by SARS-CoV-2 can be eradicated in most cases, the development of fibrotic lesions cannot be precluded; furthermore, whether these lesions are stable or progressive fibrotic events is still unknown. Herein, an overview of the main molecular mechanisms driving the fibrotic process together with the currently approved and newly proposed therapeutic solutions was given. Then, the most recent data that emerged from post-COVID-19 patients was discussed, in order to compare PF and COVID-19-dependent PF, highlighting shared and specific mechanisms. A better understanding of PF aetiology is certainly needed, also to develop effective therapeutic strategies and COVID-19 pathology is offering one more chance to do it. Overall, the work reported here could help to define new approaches for therapeutic intervention in the diversity of the ILD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rebecca Piccarducci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Romei
- Multidisciplinary Team of Interstitial Lung Disease, Radiology Department, Pisa University Hospital, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy,Corresponding author
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Xue T, Qiu X, Liu H, Gan C, Tan Z, Xie Y, Wang Y, Ye T. Epigenetic regulation in fibrosis progress. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105910. [PMID: 34562602 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis, a common process of chronic inflammatory diseases, is defined as a repair response disorder when organs undergo continuous damage, ultimately leading to scar formation and functional failure. Around the world, fibrotic diseases cause high mortality, unfortunately, with limited treatment means in clinical practice. With the development and application of deep sequencing technology, comprehensively exploring the epigenetic mechanism in fibrosis has been allowed. Extensive remodeling of epigenetics controlling various cells phenotype and molecular mechanisms involved in fibrogenesis was subsequently verified. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in organ fibrosis, focusing on heart, liver, lung and kidney. Additionally, we emphasize the diversity of epigenetics in the cellular and molecular mechanisms related to fibrosis. Finally, the potential and prospect of targeted therapy for fibrosis based on epigenetic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taixiong Xue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xingyu Qiu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zui Tan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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