1
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Lee EJ, Kim SJ, Jeon SY, Chung S, Park SE, Kim JS, Choi SJ, Oh SY, Ryu GH, Jeon HB, Chang JW. Glutaminase-1 inhibition alleviates senescence of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells via senolysis. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024:szae053. [PMID: 39120480 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) caused by repeated cell culture undermines their potential as a cell therapy because of the reduction in their proliferation and therapeutic potential. Glutaminase-1 (GLS1) is reported to be involved in the survival of senescent cells, and inhibition of GLS1 alleviates age-related dysfunction via senescent cell removal. In the present study, we attempted to elucidate the association between MSC senescence and GLS1. We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze the effect of GLS1 inhibition on senolysis and the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Inhibition of GLS1 in Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) reduced the expression of aging-related markers, such as p16, p21, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype genes, by senolysis. Replicative senescence-alleviated WJ-MSCs, which recovered after short-term treatment with bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide 3 (BPTES), showed increased proliferation and therapeutic effects compared to those observed with senescent WJ-MSCs. Moreover, compared to senescent WJ-MSCs, replicative senescence-alleviated WJ-MSCs inhibited apoptosis in serum-starved C2C12 cells, enhanced muscle formation, and hindered apoptosis and fibrosis in mdx mice. These results imply that GLS1 inhibition can ameliorate the therapeutic effects of senescent WJ-MSCs in patients with muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In conclusion, GLS1 is a key factor in modulating the senescence mechanism of MSCs, and regulation of GLS1 may enhance the therapeutic effects of senescent MSCs, thereby increasing the success rate of clinical trials involving MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Lee
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jeong Kim
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Jeon
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobeen Chung
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eon Park
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139706, Republic of Korea
- Radiological and Medico‑Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Joo Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Ha Ryu
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
- The Office of R&D Strategy & Planning, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Bae Jeon
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, ENCell Co. Ltd., Seoul 06072, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Gene Therapy Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
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2
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Nixon RA, Rubinsztein DC. Mechanisms of autophagy-lysosome dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5. [PMID: 39107446 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-based degradative process used to recycle obsolete cellular constituents and eliminate damaged organelles and aggregate-prone proteins. Their postmitotic nature and extremely polarized morphologies make neurons particularly vulnerable to disruptions caused by autophagy-lysosomal defects, especially as the brain ages. Consequently, mutations in genes regulating autophagy and lysosomal functions cause a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the role of autophagy and lysosomes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia. We also consider the strong impact of cellular ageing on lysosomes and autophagy as a tipping point for the late-age emergence of related neurodegenerative disorders. Many of these diseases have primary defects in autophagy, for example affecting autophagosome formation, and in lysosomal functions, especially pH regulation and calcium homeostasis. We have aimed to provide an integrative framework for understanding the central importance of autophagic-lysosomal function in neuronal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Guerrero‐Navarro L, Jansen‐Dürr P, Cavinato M. Synergistic interplay of UV radiation and urban particulate matter induces impairment of autophagy and alters cellular fate in senescence-prone human dermal fibroblasts. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14086. [PMID: 38217101 PMCID: PMC11019139 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex process influenced by intrinsic factors and environmental stressors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and air pollution, among others. In this study, we investigated the effects of UVA and UVB radiation, combined with urban particulate matter (UPM), on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). We show here that treatment of HDF with a subcytotoxic dose of UVA/UVB results in a series of events leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased ROS levels, and DNA damage. These effects are known to trigger either cellular senescence or cell death, depending on the cells' ability to clear damage by activating autophagy. Whereas UPM treatment in isolation did not affect proliferation or survival of HDF, of note, simultaneous UPM treatment of UV-irradiated cells selectively inhibited autophagic flux, thereby changing cell fate of a fraction of the cell population from senescence to apoptotic cell death. Our findings highlight the synergistic effects of UV radiation and UPM on skin aging, emphasizing the need to consider these factors in assessing the impact of environmental stressors on human health and opening opportunities for developing comprehensive approaches to protect and preserve skin integrity in the face of growing environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Guerrero‐Navarro
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)InnsbruckAustria
| | - Pidder Jansen‐Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)InnsbruckAustria
| | - Maria Cavinato
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)InnsbruckAustria
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4
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Della Torre L, Beato A, Capone V, Carannante D, Verrilli G, Favale G, Del Gaudio N, Megchelenbrink WL, Benedetti R, Altucci L, Carafa V. Involvement of regulated cell deaths in aging and age-related pathologies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102251. [PMID: 38428821 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a pathophysiological process that causes a gradual and permanent reduction in all biological system functions. The phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of endogenous and exogenous damage as a result of several stressors, resulting in significantly increased risks of various age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and immune system diseases. In addition, aging appears to be connected with mis-regulation of programmed cell death (PCD), which is required for regular cell turnover in many tissues sustained by cell division. According to the recent nomenclature, PCDs are physiological forms of regulated cell death (RCD) useful for normal tissue development and turnover. To some extent, some cell types are connected with a decrease in RCD throughout aging, whereas others are related with an increase in RCD. Perhaps the widespread decline in RCD markers with age is due to a slowdown of the normal rate of homeostatic cell turnover in various adult tissues. As a result, proper RCD regulation requires a careful balance of many pro-RCD and anti-RCD components, which may render cell death signaling pathways more sensitive to maladaptive signals during aging. Current research, on the other hand, tries to further dive into the pathophysiology of aging in order to develop therapies that improve health and longevity. In this scenario, RCD handling might be a helpful strategy for human health since it could reduce the occurrence and development of age-related disorders, promoting healthy aging and lifespan. In this review we propose a general overview of the most recent RCD mechanisms and their connection with the pathophysiology of aging in order to promote targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Antonio Beato
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Vincenza Capone
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Daniela Carannante
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Giulia Verrilli
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Gregorio Favale
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Nunzio Del Gaudio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Wouter Leonard Megchelenbrink
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, Utrecht 3584 CS, the Netherlands
| | - Rosaria Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy; Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Ariano Irpino 83031, Italy; IEOS CNR, Napoli 80138, Italy; Programma di Epigenetica Medica, A.O.U. "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, Napoli 80138, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Vico De Crecchio 7, Napoli 80138, Italy; Biogem, Molecular Biology and Genetics Research Institute, Ariano Irpino 83031, Italy.
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5
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Garbacki N, Willems J, Neutelings T, Lambert C, Deroanne C, Adrian A, Franz M, Maurer M, De Gieter P, Nusgens B, Colige A. Microgravity triggers ferroptosis and accelerates senescence in the MG-63 cell model of osteoblastic cells. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 38104197 PMCID: PMC10725437 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In space, cells sustain strong modifications of their mechanical environment. Mechanosensitive molecules at the cell membrane regulate mechanotransduction pathways that induce adaptive responses through the regulation of gene expression, post-translational modifications, protein interactions or intracellular trafficking, among others. In the current study, human osteoblastic cells were cultured on the ISS in microgravity and at 1 g in a centrifuge, as onboard controls. RNAseq analyses showed that microgravity inhibits cell proliferation and DNA repair, stimulates inflammatory pathways and induces ferroptosis and senescence, two pathways related to ageing. Morphological hallmarks of senescence, such as reduced nuclear size and changes in chromatin architecture, proliferation marker distribution, tubulin acetylation and lysosomal transport were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy, reinforcing the hypothesis of induction of cell senescence in microgravity during space flight. These processes could be attributed, at least in part, to the regulation of YAP1 and its downstream effectors NUPR1 and CKAP2L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Garbacki
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Willems
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Neutelings
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Charles Lambert
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deroanne
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Astrid Adrian
- Airbus Defence and Space, GmbH, 88090, Immenstaad, Germany
| | - Markus Franz
- Airbus Defence and Space, GmbH, 88090, Immenstaad, Germany
| | - Matthias Maurer
- European Space Agency (ESA), European Astronaut Centre (EAC), 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Betty Nusgens
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Colige
- Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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6
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Noll JH, Levine BL, June CH, Fraietta JA. Beyond youth: Understanding CAR T cell fitness in the context of immunological aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101840. [PMID: 37729825 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Population aging, a pervasive global demographic trend, is anticipated to challenge health and social systems worldwide. This phenomenon is due to medical advancements enabling longer lifespans, with 20% of the US population soon to be over 65 years old. Consequently, there will be a surge in age-related diseases. Senescence, characterized by the loss of biological maintenance and homeostasis at molecular and cellular levels, either correlates with or directly causes age-related phenotypic changes. Decline of the immune system is a critical factor in the senescence process, with cancer being a primary cause of death in elderly populations. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, an innovative approach, has demonstrated success mainly in pediatric and young adult hematological malignancies but remains largely ineffective for diseases affecting older populations, such as late-in-life B cell malignancies and most solid tumor indications. This limitation arises because CAR T cell efficacy heavily relies on the fitness of the patient-derived starting T cell material. Numerous studies suggest that T cell senescence may be a key driver of CAR T cell deficiency. This review examines correlates and underlying factors associated with favorable CAR T cell outcomes and explores potential experimental and clinically actionable strategies for T cell rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Han Noll
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce L Levine
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Sonar SA, Watanabe M, Nikolich JŽ. Disorganization of secondary lymphoid organs and dyscoordination of chemokine secretion as key contributors to immune aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101835. [PMID: 37651849 PMCID: PMC10840697 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive loss of organ and tissue function, and the immune system is no exception to that inevitable principle. Of all the age-related changes in the body, reduction of the size of, and naïve T (Tn) cell output from, the thymus occurs earliest, being prominent already before or by the time of puberty. Therefore, to preserve immunity against new infections, over much of their lives, vertebrates dominantly rely on peripheral maintenance of the Tn cell pool in the secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). However, SLO structure and function subsequently also deteriorate with aging. Several recent studies have made a convincing case that this deterioration is of major importance to the erosion of protective immunity in the last third of life. Specifically, the SLO were found to accumulate multiple degenerative changes with aging. Importantly, the results from adoptive transfer and parabiosis studies teach us that the old microenvironment is the limiting factor for protective immunity in old mice. In this review, we discuss the extent, mechanisms, and potential role of stromal cell aging in the age-related alteration of T cell homeostatic maintenance and immune function decline. We use that discussion to frame the potential strategies to correct the SLO stromal aging defects - in the context of other immune rejuvenation approaches, - to improve functional immune responses and protective immunity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Ashok Sonar
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA; the Aegis Consortium for Pandemic-free Future, University of Arizona Health Sciences, USA; BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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8
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Scieszka D, Bolt AM, McCormick MA, Brigman JL, Campen MJ. Aging, longevity, and the role of environmental stressors: a focus on wildfire smoke and air quality. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1267667. [PMID: 37900096 PMCID: PMC10600394 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1267667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple interacting mechanisms and is being increasingly linked to environmental exposures such as wildfire smoke. In this review, we detail the hallmarks of aging, emphasizing the role of telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, genomic instability, and mitochondrial dysfunction, while also exploring integrative hallmarks - altered intercellular communication and stem cell exhaustion. Within each hallmark of aging, our review explores how environmental disasters like wildfires, and their resultant inhaled toxicants, interact with these aging mechanisms. The intersection between aging and environmental exposures, especially high-concentration insults from wildfires, remains under-studied. Preliminary evidence, from our group and others, suggests that inhaled wildfire smoke can accelerate markers of neurological aging and reduce learning capabilities. This is likely mediated by the augmentation of circulatory factors that compromise vascular and blood-brain barrier integrity, induce chronic neuroinflammation, and promote age-associated proteinopathy-related outcomes. Moreover, wildfire smoke may induce a reduced metabolic, senescent cellular phenotype. Future interventions could potentially leverage combined anti-inflammatory and NAD + boosting compounds to counter these effects. This review underscores the critical need to study the intricate interplay between environmental factors and the biological mechanisms of aging to pave the way for effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scieszka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Mark A. McCormick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Matthew J. Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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9
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Song SB, Shim W, Hwang ES. Lipofuscin Granule Accumulation Requires Autophagy Activation. Mol Cells 2023; 46:486-495. [PMID: 37438887 PMCID: PMC10440269 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipofuscins are oxidized lipid and protein complexes that accumulate during cellular senescence and tissue aging, regarded as markers for cellular oxidative damage, tissue aging, and certain aging-associated diseases. Therefore, understanding their cellular biological properties is crucial for effective treatment development. Through traditional microscopy, lipofuscins are readily observed as fluorescent granules thought to accumulate in lysosomes. However, lipofuscin granule formation and accumulation in senescent cells are poorly understood. Thus, this study examined lipofuscin accumulation in human fibroblasts exposed to various stressors. Our results substantiate that in glucose-starved or replicative senescence cells, where elevated oxidative stress levels activate autophagy, lipofuscins predominately appear as granules that co-localize with autolysosomes due to lysosomal acidity or impairment. Meanwhile, autophagosome formation is attenuated in cells experiencing oxidative stress induced by a doxorubicin pulse and chase, and lipofuscin fluorescence granules seldom manifest in the cytoplasm. As Torin-1 treatment activates autophagy, granular lipofuscins intensify and dominate, indicating that autophagy activation triggers their accumulation. Our results suggest that high oxidative stress activates autophagy but fails in lipofuscin removal, leaving an abundance of lipofuscin-filled impaired autolysosomes, referred to as residual bodies. Therefore, future endeavors in treating lipofuscin pathology-associated diseases and dysfunctions through autophagy activation demand meticulous consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Woosung Shim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
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10
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Pan CC, Maeso-Díaz R, Lewis TR, Xiang K, Tan L, Liang Y, Wang L, Yang F, Yin T, Wang C, Du K, Huang D, Oh SH, Wang E, Lim BJW, Chong M, Alexander PB, Yao X, Arshavsky VY, Li QJ, Diehl AM, Wang XF. Antagonizing the irreversible thrombomodulin-initiated proteolytic signaling alleviates age-related liver fibrosis via senescent cell killing. Cell Res 2023; 33:516-532. [PMID: 37169907 PMCID: PMC10313785 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress-induced, stable cell cycle arrest phenotype which generates a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, leading to chronic inflammation and age-associated diseases. Determining the fundamental molecular pathways driving senescence instead of apoptosis could enable the identification of senolytic agents to restore tissue homeostasis. Here, we identify thrombomodulin (THBD) signaling as a key molecular determinant of the senescent cell fate. Although normally restricted to endothelial cells, THBD is rapidly upregulated and maintained throughout all phases of the senescence program in aged mammalian tissues and in senescent cell models. Mechanistically, THBD activates a proteolytic feed-forward signaling pathway by stabilizing a multi-protein complex in early endosomes, thus forming a molecular basis for the irreversibility of the senescence program and ensuring senescent cell viability. Therapeutically, THBD signaling depletion or inhibition using vorapaxar, an FDA-approved drug, effectively ablates senescent cells and restores tissue homeostasis in liver fibrosis models. Collectively, these results uncover proteolytic THBD signaling as a conserved pro-survival pathway essential for senescent cell viability, thus providing a pharmacologically exploitable senolytic target for senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Raquel Maeso-Díaz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tylor R Lewis
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lianmei Tan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yaosi Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fengrui Yang
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Calvin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kuo Du
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - De Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seh Hoon Oh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mengyang Chong
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter B Alexander
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vadim Y Arshavsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qi-Jing Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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11
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Lee YH, Kuk MU, So MK, Song ES, Lee H, Ahn SK, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress as a Strategy to Treat Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040934. [PMID: 37107309 PMCID: PMC10136354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the organelles undergoing rapid alteration during the senescence process. Senescent cells show an increase in mitochondrial size, which is attributed to the accumulation of defective mitochondria, which causes mitochondrial oxidative stress. Defective mitochondria are also targets of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and the vicious cycle between defective mitochondria and mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to the onset and development of aging and age-related diseases. Based on the findings, strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress have been suggested for the effective treatment of aging and age-related diseases. In this article, we discuss mitochondrial alterations and the consequent increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Then, the causal role of mitochondrial oxidative stress on aging is investigated by examining how aging and age-related diseases are exacerbated by induced stress. Furthermore, we assess the importance of targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress for the regulation of aging and suggest different therapeutic strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress. Therefore, this review will not only shed light on a new perspective on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in aging but also provide effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of aging and age-related diseases through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kyoung So
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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12
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Controversies and Recent Advances in Senescence and Aging. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060902. [PMID: 36980243 PMCID: PMC10046983 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the leading predictive factor of many chronic diseases that account for most of the morbidity and mortality worldwide, i [...]
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