1
|
Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang X. Beyond Color Boundaries: Pioneering Developments in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Photonic Actuators. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:808. [PMID: 38930778 PMCID: PMC11205596 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Creatures in nature make extensive use of structural color adaptive camouflage to survive. Cholesteric liquid crystals, with nanostructures similar to those of natural organisms, can be combined with actuators to produce bright structural colors in response to a wide range of stimuli. Structural colors modulated by nano-helical structures can continuously and selectively reflect specific wavelengths of light, breaking the limit of colors recognizable by the human eye. In this review, the current state of research on cholesteric liquid crystal photonic actuators and their technological applications is presented. First, the basic concepts of cholesteric liquid crystals and their nanostructural modulation are outlined. Then, the cholesteric liquid crystal photonic actuators responding to different stimuli (mechanical, thermal, electrical, light, humidity, magnetic, pneumatic) are presented. This review describes the practical applications of cholesteric liquid crystal photonic actuators and summarizes the prospects for the development of these advanced structures as well as the challenges and their promising applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yexiaotong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiaxing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinye Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chaudhary A, Kumar K, Singh VK, Rai S, Kumar V, Tungala K, Das A, Jana T. Poly(acrylamide)-co-poly(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate-co-poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) hydrogel platform for stability, storage and biocatalytic applications of urease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131039. [PMID: 38518938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
In our present work, an explicit crosslinked thermo-responsive hydrogel platform has been developed, by using polyacrylamide (PAAm), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PCHMA), and then coupled with urease to yield bioconjugates (BCs). Synergic effect of these polymer units provides thermoresponsive nature, optimum crosslinking with desired swelling behaviour, and stability and improved catalytic to Urease in the resultant BCs. Synthesis of the terpolymer has been achieved by employing HEMA (monomer as well as crosslinker), instead of using the conventional crosslinkers, through free radical solution polymerization technique. Various grades of TRPUBs have been fabricated by varying HEMA and CHMA contents while keeping fixed amounts of AAm. Further, the structural analysis of BCs has been done by fourier transform infra-red spectroscopic study and their thermal stabilities have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Urea present in TRPUBs has beenanalysed for its hydrolysis atdifferent temperatures viz., 25 °C, 45 °C and 70 °C. Further, the effect of crosslinking, temperature and reaction time on catalytic activities of TRPUBs has been studied. TRPUBs grades have showna maximum swelling capacity up to 5200 %; excellent catalytic activity even at 70 °C; and 85 % activity retention after 18 days storage in buffer medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Chemistry, School of Basic & Applied Science, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Vinai K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailja Rai
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Babu Shivnath Agrawal College, Mathura 281004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kranthikumar Tungala
- Department of Chemistry, Ewing Christian College, Allahabad University, Prayagraj 211003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli-500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli-500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain S, Zourob M. Solid-State Cholesteric Liquid Crystals as an Emerging Platform for the Development of Optical Photonic Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304590. [PMID: 37800619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, solid-state cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCsolid ) have emerged as a promising photonic material, heralding new opportunities for the advancement of optical photonic biosensors and actuators. The periodic helical structure of CLCsolid s gives rise to their distinctive capability of selectively reflecting incident radiation, rendering them highly promising contenders for a wide spectrum of photonic applications. Extensive research is conducted on utilizing CLCsolid 's optical characteristics to create optical sensors for bioassays, diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. This review provides an overview of emerging technologies in the field of interpenetrating polymeric network-CLCsolid (IPN) and CLCsolid -based optical sensors, including their structural designs, processing, essential materials, working principles, and fabrication methodologies. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective, addressing current challenges and potential trajectories for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Alfaisal University, Al-Maather, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Zourob
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Alfaisal University, Al-Maather, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yadav N, Kumar K, Singh VK, Rai S, Blahatia K, Das A, Jana T. Newly designed acrylamide derivative-based pH-responsive hydrogel-urease bioconjugates: synthesis and catalytic urea hydrolysis. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8647-8655. [PMID: 36349658 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00958g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Jack bean urease, the first nickel metalloenzyme, and crystallized enzymes have historical significance due to their several applications in the biomedical and other fields. For the first time, cross-linker free pH-responsive hydrogel-urease bioconjugates have been reported. Without the use of divinyl benzene or divinyl acrylamide derivatives, urease was immobilized inside the hydrogel matrix and various grades of bioconjugates were synthesized. The hydrogel-urease bioconjugate exhibits excellent swelling-deswelling and pH-responsive characteristics without affecting the urease enzyme. The pH-responsive bioconjugates were characterized by FT-IR, powder XRD, SEM, TGA, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Urea hydrolysis and enzyme affinity have been investigated at pH 4, pH 7, and pH 11 using bioconjugates and free urease. At basic pH, BCs showed excellent enzyme activity. In summary, this technique is effective for stabilizing biomacromolecules at different pHs for a variety of real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - V K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Shailja Rai
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur-273010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Kunal Blahatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, India Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Anupam Das
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli-500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli-500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical Assay for Hg2+ Detection Based on g-C3N4-CdS-CuO Composites and Redox Cycle Signal Amplification Strategy. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive self-powered photoelectrochemical (spPEC) sensing platform was constructed for Hg2+ determination based on the g-C3N4-CdS-CuO co-sensitized photoelectrode and a visible light-induced redox cycle for signal amplification. Through successively coating the single-layer g-C3N4, CdS, and CuO onto the surface of an electrode, the modified electrode exhibited significantly enhanced PEC activity. The microstructure of the material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). However, the boost in photocurrent could be noticeably suppressed due to the consumption of hole-scavenging agents (reduced glutathione) by the added Hg2+. Under optimal conditions, we discovered that the photocurrent was linearly related to the Hg2+ concentration in the range of 5 pM–100 nM. The detection limit for Hg2+ was 0.84 pM. Moreover, the spPEC sensor demonstrated good performance for the detection of mercury ions in human urine and artificial saliva.
Collapse
|