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Orgiani P, Chaluvadi SK, Chalil SP, Mazzola F, Jana A, Dolabella S, Rajak P, Ferrara M, Benedetti D, Fondacaro A, Salvador F, Ciancio R, Fujii J, Panaccione G, Vobornik I, Rossi G. Dual pulsed laser deposition system for the growth of complex materials and heterostructures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033903. [PMID: 37012774 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an integrated ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) apparatus for the growth of complex materials and heterostructures. The specific growth technique is the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) by means of a dual-laser source based on an excimer KrF ultraviolet and solid-state Nd:YAG infra-red lasers. By taking advantage of the two laser sources-both lasers can be independently used within the deposition chambers-a large number of different materials-ranging from oxides to metals, to selenides, and others-can be successfully grown in the form of thin films and heterostructures. All of the samples can be in situ transferred between the deposition chambers and the analysis chambers by using vessels and holders' manipulators. The apparatus also offers the possibility to transfer samples to remote instrumentation under UHV conditions by means of commercially available UHV-suitcases. The dual-PLD operates for in-house research as well as user facility in combination with the Advanced Photo-electric Effect beamline at the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility in Trieste and allows synchrotron-based photo-emission as well as x-ray absorption experiments on pristine films and heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Orgiani
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S K Chaluvadi
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Punathum Chalil
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Mazzola
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - A Jana
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Dolabella
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Rajak
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Ferrara
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Benedetti
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Fondacaro
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Salvador
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Ciancio
- AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Fujii
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Panaccione
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - I Vobornik
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park, S.S. 14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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Chaluvadi SK, Polewczyk V, Petrov AY, Vinai G, Braglia L, Diez JM, Pierron V, Perna P, Mechin L, Torelli P, Orgiani P. Electronic Properties of Fully Strained La 1-x Sr x MnO 3 Thin Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.45). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14571-14578. [PMID: 35557663 PMCID: PMC9088787 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Sr-hole-doped epitaxial La1-x Sr x MnO3 (0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.45) thin films deposited using the molecular beam epitaxy technique on 4° vicinal STO (001) substrates are probed by the combination of X-ray diffraction and various synchrotron-based spectroscopy techniques. The structural characterizations evidence a significant shift in the LSMO (002) peak to the higher diffraction angles owing to the increase in Sr doping concentrations in thin films. The nature of the LSMO Mn mixed-valence state was estimated from X-ray photoemission spectroscopy together with the relative changes in the Mn L2,3 edges observed in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), both strongly affected by doping. CTM4XAS simulations at the XAS Mn L2,3 edges reveal the combination of epitaxial strain, and different MnO6 crystal field splitting give rise to a peak at ∼641 eV. The observed changes in the occupancy of the eg and the t2g orbitals as well as their binding energy positions toward the Fermi level with hole doping are discussed. The room-temperature magnetic properties were probed at the end by circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Chaluvadi
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vincent Polewczyk
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aleksandr Yu Petrov
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vinai
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Braglia
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Victor Pierron
- Normandie
Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC (UMR 6072), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Paolo Perna
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurence Mechin
- Normandie
Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC (UMR 6072), 14000 Caen, France
| | - Piero Torelli
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Orgiani
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (IOM)−CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Area Science Park, S.S.14, km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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