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Smirnov AV, Kornyushin MV, Kholodkova AA, Melnikov SA, Stepanov AD, Fesik EV, Mnatsakanyan VV, Smirnov A, Ivakin YD. Evaluation of the Role of the Activating Application Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics Using Ammonium Chloride. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:408. [PMID: 36614747 PMCID: PMC9822335 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the method of applying the activating additive ammonium chloride and its concentration on the density and microstructure of zinc oxide ceramic obtained by cold sintering at 244 °C was investigated. The activating agent was applied by two methods: impregnation and subsequent autoclave treatment. When the powder was activated by the impregnation method, the crystal sizes remained at the initial level of 0.17-0.19 μm. After the autoclave treatment, the crystal sizes increased to 0.31-0.53 μm. Samples of cold sintering ZnO with relative density up to 0.96 and average grain sizes 0.29-0.86 μm were obtained. ZnO powders and ceramic samples were analyzed using SEM, TGA/DSC, and XRD to reveal the effect of the powder activation method and cold sintering conditions on the material microstructure. The effect of ammonium chloride concentration on grain growth and microstructure of ceramic samples is shown. It was found that the average grain size of ceramic samples with an increase in additive concentration passes through a minimum. In cold sintering of the autoclave activated powder, the effect of reducing the average grain size was observed. The results of this work are discussed on the basis of the idea of the solid-phase mobility of the crystal structure arising when interacting with an aqueous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Smirnov
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Kornyushin
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- Materials Science Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Kholodkova
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Melnikov
- Materials Science Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem D. Stepanov
- Materials Science Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Fesik
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vilen V. Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Education Informatization, Institute of Digital Education, Moscow City University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Smirnov
- Laboratory of 3D Structural and Functional Engineering, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, 127055 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurii D. Ivakin
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Liang J, Zhao X, Kang S, Guo J, Chen Z, Long Y, Zeng Q, Sun J, Yang L, Liao R, Randall CA. Microstructural evolution of ZnO via hybrid cold sintering/spark plasma sintering. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Ivakin YD, Smirnov AV, Kurmysheva AY, Kharlanov AN, Solís Pinargote NW, Smirnov A, Grigoriev SN. The Role of the Activator Additives Introduction Method in the Cold Sintering Process of ZnO Ceramics: CSP/SPS Approach. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216680. [PMID: 34772204 PMCID: PMC8587942 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The great prospects for introducing the cold sintering process (CSP) into industry determine the importance of finding approaches to reduce the processing time and mechanical pressure required to obtain dense ceramics using CSP. The introducing zinc acetate into the initial ZnO powder of methods, such as impregnation, thermovapor autoclave treatment (TVT), and direct injection of an aqueous solution into a die followed by cold sintering process using a spark plasma sintering unit, was studied. The effect of the introduction methods on the density and grain size of sintered ceramics was analyzed using SEM, dynamic light scattering, IR spectroscopy, and XRD. The impregnation method provides sintered samples with high relative density (over 0.90) and significant grain growth when sintered at 250 °C with a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, under a uniaxial pressure of 80 MPa in a vacuum, and a short isothermic dwell time (5 min). The TVT and aqueous solution direct injection methods showed lower relative densities (0.87 and 0.76, respectively) of CSP ZnO samples. Finally, the development of ideas about the processes occurring in an aqueous medium with CSP and TVT, which are subject to mechanical pressure, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii D. Ivakin
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (A.N.K.)
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Smirnov
- Mobile Solutions Engineering Center, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia;
- Center for Design, Manufacturing and Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, build. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu. Kurmysheva
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey N. Kharlanov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (A.N.K.)
| | - Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Anton Smirnov
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Sergey N. Grigoriev
- Laboratory of Electric Current Assisted Sintering Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky per. 1, 127055 Moscow, Russia; (N.W.S.P.); (A.S.); (S.N.G.)
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Ndayishimiye A, Fan Z, Funahashi S, Randall CA. Assessment of the Role of Speciation during Cold Sintering of ZnO Using Chelates. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13453-13460. [PMID: 34403579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cold sintering (CS) is a chemically driven densification technique enabling a substantial decrease in the sintering temperature of oxides, by several hundreds of degrees Celsius. Although the densification process in CS is known to be mainly driven by pressure solution creep, additional fundamental aspects driving the interfacial chemistry reactions are still a subject of debate. Herein, we focus on the aspect of speciation in the densification process. The densification of zinc oxide (ZnO) by CS using zinc acetylacetonate hydrate (Zn(acac)2·xH2O), a versatile ligand often used as a precursor for ZnO synthesis in wet chemistry, is reported. The successful densification of ZnO using H2O and Zn(acac)2·xH2O confirms the importance of speciation in CS, as ZnO has a very low solubility in pure H2O. The evolution of the system at different stages of sintering and the role of the Zn(acac)2·xH2O species were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Ndayishimiye
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhongming Fan
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shuichi Funahashi
- Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 1-10-1 Higashikotari, Nagaokakyo, Kyoto 617-8555, Japan
| | - Clive A Randall
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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