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Kannuchamy VK, Heffernan C, Ramisetty KK, Howard CA, Beloshapkin S. TOF-SIMS analysis of curcuminoids and curcumin crystals crystallized from their pure and impure solutions. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Impurities are frequently encountered during the crystallisation of active pharmaceutical compounds. Impurities can either adsorb onto active sites or replace atoms of the crystal lattice. Locating the impurities, especially structurally-similar...
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2
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Kozhemyakin GN. Opportunities of striation-free crystal growth with ultrasound effect. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01461g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Basic conditions for striation-free crystal growth by the Czochralski technique with the ultrasound effect developed and defined requirements for convection in the melt, a waveguide material, and the ultrasound intensity.
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3
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Capellades G, Bonsu JO, Myerson AS. Impurity incorporation in solution crystallization: diagnosis, prevention, and control. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This work highlights recent advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and control of impurity incorporation during solution crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Capellades
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Jacob O. Bonsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Allan S. Myerson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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4
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Impact of Impurities on Crystallization and Product Quality: A Case Study with Paracetamol. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A thorough, systematic study into the effect that structurally related impurities have on both the process and product quality during the crystallization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is presented. The presence of acetanilide and metacetamol influences the crystallization and product quality of paracetamol. Where high concentrations of either impurity were present in the crystallization feed, product recovery decreased by up to 15%. Acetanilide is included in the final product through adsorption onto the particle surface in concentrations up to 0.79 mol%, which can be reduced to acceptable levels through product reslurrying. The presence of metacetamol results in much higher concentrations—up to 6.78 mol% in the final product, of which approximately 1 mol% is incorporated into the crystal lattice, resulting in the perturbation of the unit-cell dimensions. The incidental crystallization and subsequent isolation of metastable Form II paracetamol increased product purity in the presence of a low metacetamol concentration. This metastable product converts to stable paracetamol Form I through reslurrying, offering an efficient metacetamol impurity rejection route. The morphology of the product is modified consistently by both impurities. An elongation of the normal prismatic shape is observed, which in the extreme case of high metacetamol contamination results in the isolation of fine, fragile needles. This problematic morphology is also improved by a reslurrying of the crystallization product to give a more equilateral shape. This systematic study of the influence of acetanilide and metacetamol on the crystallization of paracetamol builds a well-rounded picture of the concomitant impact of impurities on the principal quality attributes of a crystallization product.
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Continuous Cooling Crystallization in a Coiled Flow Inverter Crystallizer Technology—Design, Characterization, and Hurdles. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous small-scale production is currently of utmost interest for fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. For this purpose, equipment and process concepts in consideration of the hurdles for solids handling are required to transfer conventional batch processing to continuous operation. Based on empirical equations, pressure loss constraints, and an expandable modular system, a coiled flow inverter (CFI) crystallizer with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm was designed. It was characterized concerning its residence time behavior, tested for operation with seed crystals or an ultrasonic seed crystal unit, and evaluated for different purging mechanisms for stable operation. The residence time behavior in the CFI corresponds to ideal plug flow behavior. Crystal growth using seed crystals was demonstrated in the CFI for two amino acids. For fewer seed crystals, higher crystal growth rates were determined, while at the same time, secondary nucleation was observed. Feasibility for the interconnection of a sonicated seeding crystal unit could be shown. However, the hurdles are also identified and discussed. Prophylactic flushing combined with a photosensor for distinguishing between solvent and suspension phase can lead to stable and resource-efficient operation. The small-scale CFI technology was investigated in detail, and the limits and opportunities of the technology are presented here.
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Chang C, Hsieh C, Su C. Particle Size and Crystal Habit Modification of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Using Cooling Sonocrystallization: A Case Study of Probenecid. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Hao Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Chieh‐Ming Hsieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering National Central University Taoyuan 32001 Taiwan
| | - Chie‐Shaan Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei 10608 Taiwan
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7
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Abstract
AbstractNucleation in continuously operated capillary coiled cooling crystallizers is experimentally investigated under the influence of ultrasound. It was found that there is no sharp boundary but rather a transition zone for nucleation under sonication. For this purpose, a tube with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of 6 m was winded in a coiled flow inverter (CFI) design and immersed into a cooled ultrasonic bath (37 kHz). The CFI design was chosen for improved radial mixing and narrow residence time distribution, which is also investigated. Amino acid l-alanine dissolved in deionized water is employed in a supersaturation range of 1.10 to 1.46 under quiet and sonicated conditions. Nucleation is non-invasive detected using a flow cell equipped with a microscope and camera.
Graphical abstract
Since the interest and demand for small-scale, continuous crystallization increases, seed crystals were generated in a coiled tube via sonication and optically investigated and characterized. No distinct threshold for nucleation could be determined in a wide range of supersaturations of l-alanine in water
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Ma X, Mei J, Xie J. Mechanism of ultrasound assisted nucleation during freezing and its application in food freezing process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1858862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
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Urwin S, Levilain G, Marziano I, Merritt JM, Houson I, Ter Horst JH. A Structured Approach To Cope with Impurities during Industrial Crystallization Development. Org Process Res Dev 2020; 24:1443-1456. [PMID: 32905065 PMCID: PMC7461122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The perfect separation with optimal productivity, yield, and purity is very difficult to achieve. Despite its high selectivity, in crystallization unwanted impurities routinely contaminate a crystallization product. Awareness of the mechanism by which the impurity incorporates is key to understanding how to achieve crystals of higher purity. Here, we present a general workflow which can rapidly identify the mechanism of impurity incorporation responsible for poor impurity rejection during a crystallization. A series of four general experiments using standard laboratory instrumentation is required for successful discrimination between incorporation mechanisms. The workflow is demonstrated using four examples of active pharmaceutical ingredients contaminated with structurally related organic impurities. Application of this workflow allows a targeted problem-solving approach to the management of impurities during industrial crystallization development, while also decreasing resources expended on process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie
J. Urwin
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| | | | - Ivan Marziano
- Pfizer
Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich, CT13 9NJ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy M. Merritt
- Eli
Lilly and Company, Small Molecule
Design and Development, Lilly Technology Center North, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Ian Houson
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Joop H. Ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1RD, U.K.
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Nalesso S, Bussemaker MJ, Sear RP, Hodnett M, Lee J. A review on possible mechanisms of sonocrystallisation in solution. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 57:125-138. [PMID: 31208608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sonocrystallisation is the application of ultrasound to the crystallisation process. The benefits obtained by sonication have been widely studied since the beginning of the 20th century and so far it is clear that ultrasound can be a very useful tool for enhancing crystallisation and controlling the properties of the final product. Crystal size, polymorphs, purity, process repeatability and lower induction time are only some of the advantages of sonocrystallisation. Even though the effects of sonication on crystallisation are quite clear, the physical explanation of the phenomena involved is still lacking. Is the presence of cavitation necessary for the process? Or is only the bubbles surface responsible for enhancing crystallisation? Are the strong local increases in pressure and temperature induced by cavitation the main cause of all the observed effects? Or is it the strong turbulence induced in the system instead? Many questions still remain and can only be appreciated with an understanding of the complexity behind the individual processes of crystallisation and acoustic cavitation. Therefore, this review will first summarise the theories behind crystallisation and acoustic cavitation, followed by a description of all the current proposed sonocrystallisation mechanisms, and conclude with an overview on future prospects of sonocrystallisation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Nalesso
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Madeleine J Bussemaker
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Sear
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hodnett
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Judy Lee
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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Jiang M, Braatz RD. Designs of continuous-flow pharmaceutical crystallizers: developments and practice. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review of recent research advances in continuous-flow crystallization includes a five-step general design procedure, generally applicable process intensification strategies, and practical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering
| | - Richard D. Braatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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Darmali C, Mansouri S, Yazdanpanah N, Woo MW. Mechanisms and Control of Impurities in Continuous Crystallization: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Darmali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shahnaz Mansouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nima Yazdanpanah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Meng W. Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Sonocrystallization—Case Studies of Salicylamide Particle Size Reduction and Isoniazid Derivative Synthesis and Crystallization. CRYSTALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst8060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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