1
|
Aboualaalaa H, Rijal Leblad B, Elkbiach ML, Ibghi M, Boutaib R, Maamour N, Savar V, Masseret E, Abadie E, Rolland JL, Amzil Z, Laabir M. Effect of temperature, salinity and nutrients on the growth and toxin content of the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum from the southwestern Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174094. [PMID: 38906288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum is considered the primary cause of recurrent paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish on the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts. The impacts of key environmental factors on the growth, cell yield, cell size and PST content of G. catenatum were determined. Results indicated that increasing salinity from 32 to 39 and nitrate concentrations from 441 μM to 1764 μM did not significantly (ANOVA, P-value >0.63) modify the growth rate of the studied species. Gymnodinium catenatum exhibited the highest growth rate at 24 °C. Cells arrested their division at 15 °C and at ammonium concentration above 441 μM, suggesting that this nitrogen form is toxic for G. catenatum. Furthermore, G. catenatum was unable to assimilate urea as a nitrogen source. In G. catenatum cells, eight analogues of saxitoxin were detected, belonging to the N-sulfocarbamoyl (C1-4, B1 and B2) and decarbamoyl (dc-GTX2/3) toxins. C-toxins contributed 92 % to 98 % of the molar composition of the PSTs. During the exponential growth, C2 tended to dominate, while C3 prevailed during the stationary phase. Toxin content per cell (ranging from 5.5 pg STXeq.cell-1 to 22.4 pg STXeq.cell-1) increased during the stationary growth phase. Cell toxin content increased with the concentrations of nitrate, ranging from 12.1 pg STXeq.cell-1 at 441 μM to 22.4 pg STXeq.cell-1 at 1764 μM during the stationary growth phase. The toxin content of G. catenatum showed the highest values measured at the highest tested temperatures, especially during the stationary phase, where toxicity reached 17.8 pg STXeq.cell-1 and 16.4 pg STXeq.cell-1 at 24 °C and 29 °C, respectively. The results can help understand the fluctuations in the growth and PST content of G. catenatum in its habitat in response to changing environmental variables in the Mediterranean Sea when exposed to increases in warming pressure and eutrophication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Aboualaalaa
- INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, Tangier, Morocco; Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco; Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, MARBEC laboratory, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benlahcen Rijal Leblad
- INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, Tangier, Morocco.
| | | | - Mustapha Ibghi
- INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, Tangier, Morocco; Equipe de Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco; Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, MARBEC laboratory, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Rachid Boutaib
- INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Niama Maamour
- INRH (Moroccan Institute of Fisheries Research), Marine Environment Monitoring Laboratory, Tangier, Morocco
| | | | - Estelle Masseret
- Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, MARBEC laboratory, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Abadie
- IFREMER, Biodivenv, 79 Route de Pointe Fort, 97231 Martinique, France
| | - Jean Luc Rolland
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, 87 Avenue Jean Monnet, 34200 Sète, France
| | | | - Mohamed Laabir
- Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, IFREMER, MARBEC laboratory, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim YS, Yun HS, Lee JH, Lee KL, Choi JS, Won DH, Kim YJ, Kim HS, Yoon HS. Comparison of Metabarcoding and Microscopy Methodologies to Analyze Diatom Communities in Five Estuaries Along the Southern Coast of the Korean Peninsula. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:95. [PMID: 39017940 PMCID: PMC11255046 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The study of microalgal communities is critical for understanding aquatic ecosystems. These communities primarily comprise diatoms (Heterokontophyta), with two methods commonly used to study them: Microscopy and metabarcoding. However, these two methods often deliver different results; thus, their suitability for analyzing diatom communities is frequently debated and evaluated. This study used these two methods to analyze the diatom communities in identical water samples and compare the results. The taxonomy of the species constituting the diatom communities was confirmed, and both methods showed that species belonging to the orders Bacillariales and Naviculales (class Bacillariophyceae) are the most diverse. In the lower taxonomic levels (family, genus, and species), microscopy tended to show a bias toward detecting diatom species (Nitzschia frustulum, Nitzschia inconspicua, Nitzschia intermedia, Navicula gregaria, Navicula perminuta, Navicula recens, Navicula sp.) belonging to the Bacillariaceae and Naviculaceae families. The results of the two methods differed in identifying diatom species in the communities and analyzing their structural characteristics. These results are consistent with the fact that diatoms belonging to the genera Nitzschia and Navicula are abundant in the communities; furthermore, only the Illumina MiSeq data showed the abundance of the Melosira and Entomoneis genera. The results obtained from microscopy were superior to those of Illumina MiSeq regarding species-level identification. Based on the results obtained via microscopy and Illumina MiSeq, it was revealed that neither method is perfect and that each has clear strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, to analyze diatom communities effectively and accurately, these two methods should be combined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute of Ulleung-do & Dok-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sik Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Lak Lee
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sin Choi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hee Won
- Doohee Institute of Ecological Research, Korea Ecosystem Service Inc., Ansan, 15426, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, 11159, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Soon Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Ulleung-do & Dok-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho-Sung Yoon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ardura A, Fernandez S, Planes S, Garcia-Vazquez E. Environmental DNA for the surveillance of biosecurity threats in Mediterranean lagoons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106601. [PMID: 38875900 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Invasive species that outcompete endemic ones and toxic harmful algae that cause algal blooms threaten marine resources like fisheries, aquaculture, and even tourism. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding can help as a method for early alert. In this study, we have analyzed communities inhabiting six lagoons within the Gulf of Lion (northwest Mediterranean Sea) with spatial protection as RAMSAR and Natura 2000 sites. Employing the COI gene as the only metabarcode, we found 15 genera that have caused recognized algal bloom outbreaks in the studied lagoons since 2000. In addition, seven alien invasive species that can pose risks to the rich marine resources of the zone and lagoons were also found. The results found from eDNA are consistent with events of toxic algae blooms before and after the sampling moment and with reported occurrences of the invasive species in nearby Mediterranean areas. Multivariate multiple analysis showed the importance of anthropic pressure in the abundance of these nuisance species. Mitigation actions and routine eDNA metabarcoding in zones of special interest like these fragile French Mediterranean lagoons are recommended for early alert of nuisance species in order to plan timely management actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Centro Universitario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo del Agua (CUIDA), Edificio de Investigación del Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
| | - Sara Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Serge Planes
- USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860, Perpignan, France; Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Centro Universitario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo del Agua (CUIDA), Edificio de Investigación del Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kournopoulou A, Kikaki K, Varkitzi I, Psarra S, Assimakopoulou G, Karantzalos K, Raitsos DE. Atlas of phytoplankton phenology indices in selected Eastern Mediterranean marine ecosystems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9975. [PMID: 38693309 PMCID: PMC11063190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton is a fundamental component of marine food webs and play a crucial role in marine ecosystem functioning. The phenology (timing of growth) of these microscopic algae is an important ecological indicator that can be utilized to observe its seasonal dynamics, and assess its response to environmental perturbations. Ocean colour remote sensing is currently the only means of obtaining synoptic estimates of chlorophyll-a (a proxy of phytoplankton biomass) at high temporal and spatial resolution, enabling the calculation of phenology metrics. However, ocean colour observations have acknowledged weaknesses compromising its reliability, while the scarcity of long-term in situ data has impeded the validation of satellite-derived phenology estimates. To address this issue, we compared one of the longest available in situ time series (20 years) of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), along with concurrent remotely-sensed observations. The comparison revealed a marked coherence between the two datasets, indicating the capability of satellite-based measurements in accurately capturing the phytoplankton seasonality and phenology metrics (i.e., timing of initiation, duration, peak and termination) in the studied area. Furthermore, by studying and validating these metrics we constructed a satellite-derived phytoplankton phenology atlas, reporting in detail the seasonal patterns in several sub-regions in coastal and open seas over the EMS. The open waters host higher concentrations from late October to April, with maximum levels recorded during February and lowest during the summer period. The phytoplankton growth over the Northern Aegean Sea appeared to initiate at least a month later than the rest of the EMS (initiating in late November and terminating in late May). The coastal waters and enclosed gulfs (such as Amvrakikos and Maliakos), exhibit a distinct seasonal pattern with consistently higher levels of chlorophyll-a and prolonged growth period compared to the open seas. The proposed phenology atlas represents a useful resource for monitoring phytoplankton growth periods in the EMS, supporting water quality management practices, while enhancing our current comprehension on the relationships between phytoplankton biomass and higher trophic levels (as a food source).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kournopoulou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72, Athens, Greece.
| | - Katerina Kikaki
- Remote Sensing Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens, 15780, Zographou, Greece
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Ioanna Varkitzi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Stella Psarra
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgia Assimakopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | | | - Dionysios E Raitsos
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ouaissa S, Gómez-Jakobsen F, Yebra L, Ferrera I, Moreno-Ostos E, Belando MD, Ruiz JM, Mercado JM. Phytoplankton dynamics in the Mar Menor, a Mediterranean coastal lagoon strongly impacted by eutrophication. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115074. [PMID: 37236094 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Mar Menor hypersaline coastal lagoon has suffered serious degradation in the last three decades attributable to nutrient pollution. In 2015, the lagoon experienced an intensive bloom of cyanobacteria that triggered a drastic change of its ecosystem. Our analyses indicate that phytoplankton in 2016-2021 did not present a seasonal variability pattern; the community was mainly dominated by diatoms and punctually reached abundance peaks above 107 cell L-1 along with chlorophyll a concentrations exceeding 20 μg L-1. The predominant diatom genera during these blooms were different as well as the nutrient conditions under which they were produced. These high diatom abundances are unprecedented in the lagoon; in fact, our data indicate that the taxonomic composition, time variation patterns and cell abundance of phytoplankton in 2016-2021 differ notably in comparison to the data published before 2015. Consequently, our results support the finding that the trophic status of the lagoon has changed profoundly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ouaissa
- Programa de Doctorado Diversidad Biológica y Medioambiente, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Gómez-Jakobsen
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO-CSIC), Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain
| | - Lidia Yebra
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO-CSIC), Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain
| | - Isabel Ferrera
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO-CSIC), Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain
| | - Enrique Moreno-Ostos
- Department of Ecology and Geology, Marine Ecology and Limnology Research Group, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Dolores Belando
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (IEO-CSIC), Varadero 1. Apdo. 22, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (IEO-CSIC), Varadero 1. Apdo. 22, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia), Spain
| | - Jesús M Mercado
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO-CSIC), Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640 Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farhat A, Elleuch J, Ben Amor F, Barkallah M, Smith KF, Ben Neila I, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I. A fast and accurate method for specific detection and quantification of the bloom-forming microalgae Karlodinium veneficum in the marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88699-88709. [PMID: 35836051 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Karlodinium veneficum is a toxic benthic globally distributed dinoflagellate which has direct impacts on human health and the environment. Early and accurate detection of this harmful algal bloom-forming species could be useful for potential risks monitoring and management. In the present work, a real-time PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA region for the specific detection and absolute quantification of K. veneficum was designed. Then, the assay conditions were adjusted and validated. The developed qPCR was highly specific for the target species and displayed no cross-reactivity with closely related dinoflagellates and/or other microalgal species commonly distributed along the Tunisian coast. Its lowest detection limit was 5 rDNA copies per reaction, which is often considered satisfying. qPCR assay enumeration accuracy was evaluated using artificially inoculated environmental samples. The comparison of the cell abundance estimates obtained by qPCR assay with the theoretical estimates showed no statistically significant difference across a range of concentrations. We suggest that the qPCR approach developed in the present study may be a valuable tool to investigate the distribution and seasonal dynamics of K. veneficum in marine environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameny Farhat
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faten Ben Amor
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to the Improvement of Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
do Prado Leite I, Menegotto A, da Cunha Lana P, Júnior LLM. A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156262. [PMID: 35643140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine plastic debris provides a significant surface area for potential colonization by planktonic and benthic harmful microalgae and for the adsorption of their toxins. Furthermore, floating plastics may substantially expand the substrate area available for benthic algae in the ocean, intensifying the transfer of potent toxins through pelagic food webs. In this study, we quantify the available surface area of micro- and macroplastics in different oceanic regions and assess the potential role of floating plastics as vectors for the transfer of toxins from three widespread benthic dinoflagellates, Gambierdiscus spp., Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Prorocentrum lima. To avoid bias associated to the occurrence of benthic algae in deep waters, we selected only records from 0 to 100 m depths. We estimate that 26.8 × 1010 cm2 of plastic surface area is potentially available in surface waters of the global ocean, mostly in the size range of large microplastics (1.01-4.75 mm). Based on the distribution of floating plastics and the habitat suitability of the selected microalgal species, the plastic relative colonization risks will be greater in the Mediterranean Sea and in the subtropical and temperate western margins of the oceans, such as the North American and Asian eastern coasts and, to a lesser extent, southern Brazil and Australia. In places where the colonization of O. cf. ovata cells on floating plastic debris has been properly quantified, such as the Mediterranean and southern Brazil, we estimate a colonization potential of up to 2 × 106 cells km-2 of ocean surface during the regular occurrence period and up to 1.7 × 108 cells km-2 during massive blooms of this species. As plastic pollution and harmful benthic algal blooms have both increased substantially over the past decades, we suggest that their interactive effects can become a major and novel threat to marine ecosystems and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel do Prado Leite
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - André Menegotto
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Goiás, Av. Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo da Cunha Lana
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Luiz Laureno Mafra Júnior
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bilgili L, Çetinkaya AY, Sarı M. Analysis of the effects of domestic waste disposal methods on mucilage with life cycle assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113813. [PMID: 35671613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mucilage has been observed surface and water column of the Sea of Marmara since 2021 and the domestic and industrial based organic waste is accepted as one of the major sources for the mucilage. In this study, in order to measure the impacts of the wastes to mucilage, seven different waste disposal scenarios, which are determined according to EU directives, are applied to the waste composition of municipalities located near the Sea of Marmara. Then, the environmental impacts of these scenarios are calculated in life cycle perspective. Results show that composting has the greatest positive impact via reducing the deleterious impacts of organic wastes, which are the major source for nutritious groundwater. As to the authors knowledge, this is the first study to integrate life cycle assessment, waste management, and mucilage. The results can be used to guide municipalities around the Sea of Marmara on the prevention of mucilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Bilgili
- Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Maritime Faculty, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey.
| | - Afşın Yusuf Çetinkaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Sarı
- Department of Maritime Business Management, Maritime Faculty, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluation of the Potential Release Tendency of Metals and Metalloids from the Estuarine Sediments: Case Study of Raša Bay. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216656. [PMID: 34771065 PMCID: PMC8587412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing the environmental quality of coastal systems is important not only for the management and protection of such areas, but also for improving the quality of water resources. Since sediment itself can often be a source of certain toxic elements, in addition to information on the distribution of metals in the water column and in the sediment itself, it is useful to determine the bioavailable forms of individual elements, particularly toxic ones. In this study, water and sediment geochemical data were supplemented with oxyanion mobility in sediments estimated by diffusion gradients in thin film (DGTs). The data obtained indicate that the chemical composition of the water in the Raša River estuary primarily reflects the high input of suspended sediment from the catchment, the mixing of freshwater and seawater, and to a lesser extent the effects of anthropogenic activities. Although sediment composition is primarily determined by geological and hydrodynamic conditions in the catchment, it also indicates moderate enrichment in Co, Cr, Mo and Ni. In contrast, the distribution of oxyanions in sediment pore water indicates the influence of sediment as a source of some elements in the bottom water; e.g., sediment contributes to 40% of the arsenic bottom water budget. The obtained depth profiles of the oxyanion distribution in the sediment pore water indicate an early onset of suboxic to anoxic conditions in Raša Bay, which is prone to rapid sedimentation. All this demonstrates the need to consider the bioavailable forms of elements when assessing environmental quality, as the lack of such information can lead to an incomplete assessment, especially in dynamic coastal systems such as estuaries.
Collapse
|