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da Silva SMSD, Ferreira CL, Rizzato JMB, Toledo GDS, Furukawa M, Rovai ES, Nogueira MS, Carvalho LFDCESD. Infrared spectroscopy for fast screening of diabetes and periodontitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104106. [PMID: 38677501 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE FT-IR is an important and emerging tool, providing information related to the biochemical composition of biofluids. It is important to demonstrate that there is an efficacy in separating healthy and diseased groups, helping to establish FT-IR uses as fast screening tool. AIM Via saliva diagnosis evaluate the accuracy of FT-IR associate with machine learning model for classification among healthy (control group), diabetic (D) and periodontitis (P) patients and the association of both diseases (DP). APPROACH Eighty patients diagnosed with diabetes and periodontitis through conventional methods were recruited and allocated in one of the four groups. Saliva samples were collected from participants of each group (n = 20) and were processed using Bruker Alpha II spectrometer in a FT-IR spectral fingerprint region between 600 and-1800 cm-1, followed by data preprocessing and analysis using machine learning tools. RESULTS Various FTI-R peaks were detectable and attributed to specific vibrational modes, which were classified based on confusion matrices showed in paired groups. The highest true positive rates (TPR) appeared between groups C vs D (93.5 % ± 2.7 %), groups C vs. DP (89.2 % ± 4.1 %), and groups D and P (90.4 % ± 3.2 %). However, P vs DP presented higher TPR for DP (84.1 % ±3.1 %) while D vs. DP the highest rate for DP was 81.7 % ± 4.3 %. Analyzing all groups together, the TPR decreased. CONCLUSION The system used is portable and robust and can be widely used in clinical environments and hospitals as a new diagnostic technique. Studies in our groups are being conducted to solidify and expand data analysis methods with friendly language for healthcare professionals. It was possible to classify healthy patients in a range of 78-93 % of accuracy. Range over 80 % of accuracy between periodontitis and diabetes were observed. A general classification model with lower TPR instead of a pairwise classification would only have advantages in scenarios where no prior patient information is available regarding diabetes and periodontitis status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monique Furukawa
- Science Health Post-graduate Program, University of Taubaté - UNITAU, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Silva Rovai
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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2
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Lin PH, Nien HH, Li BR. Wearable Microfluidics for Continuous Assay. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:181-203. [PMID: 36888989 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091322-082930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of wearable devices provides approaches for the realization of self-health care. Easily carried wearable devices allow individual health monitoring at any place whenever necessary. There are various interesting monitoring targets, including body motion, organ pressure, and biomarkers. An efficient use of space in one small device is a promising resolution to increase the functions of wearable devices. Through integration of a microfluidic system into wearable devices, embedding complicated structures in one design becomes possible and can enable multifunction analyses within a limited device volume. This article reviews the reported microfluidic wearable devices, introduces applications to different biofluids, discusses characteristics of the design strategies and sensing principles, and highlights the attractive configurations of each device. This review seeks to provide a detailed summary of recent advanced microfluidic wearable devices. The overview of advanced key components is the basis for the development of future microfluidic wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Heng Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Nien
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ran Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan;
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter of Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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3
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Delrue C, De Bruyne S, Speeckaert MM. Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: A Comprehensive Review of Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Applications in Salivary Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 37373896 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive and rapid analytical technique that provides information on the chemical composition, structure, and conformation of biomolecules in saliva. This technique has been widely used to analyze salivary biomolecules, owing to its label-free advantages. Saliva contains a complex mixture of biomolecules including water, electrolytes, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids which are potential biomarkers for several diseases. IR spectroscopy has shown great promise for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, as well as for drug monitoring. Recent advancements in IR spectroscopy, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, have further enhanced its utility in salivary analysis. FTIR spectroscopy enables the collection of a complete IR spectrum of the sample, whereas ATR spectroscopy enables the analysis of samples in their native form, without the need for sample preparation. With the development of standardized protocols for sample collection and analysis and further advancements in IR spectroscopy, the potential for salivary diagnostics using IR spectroscopy is vast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Xu S, Kim J, Walter JR, Ghaffari R, Rogers JA. Translational gaps and opportunities for medical wearables in digital health. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn6036. [PMID: 36223451 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn6036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A confluence of advances in biosensor technologies, enhancements in health care delivery mechanisms, and improvements in machine learning, together with an increased awareness of remote patient monitoring, has accelerated the impact of digital health across nearly every medical discipline. Medical grade wearables-noninvasive, on-body sensors operating with clinical accuracy-will play an increasingly central role in medicine by providing continuous, cost-effective measurement and interpretation of physiological data relevant to patient status and disease trajectory, both inside and outside of established health care settings. Here, we review current digital health technologies and highlight critical gaps to clinical translation and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Sibel Health, Niles, IL 60714, USA
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica R Walter
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Epicore Biosystems Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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5
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Emerging Biosensors for Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis—A Review Unravelling Their Role in Past and Present Advancements in the Field of Early Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070498. [PMID: 35884301 PMCID: PMC9312890 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a serious concern to people all over the world because of its high mortality rate and metastatic spread to other areas of the body. Despite recent advancements in biomedical research, OC detection at an early stage remains a challenge and is complex and inaccurate with conventional diagnostics procedures. It is critical to study innovative approaches that can enable a faster, easier, non-invasive, and more precise diagnosis of OC in order to increase the survival rate of patients. In this paper, we conducted a review on how biosensors might be an excellent tool for detecting OC. This review covers the strategies that use different biosensors to target various types of biomarkers and focuses on biosensors that function at the molecular level viz. DNA biosensors, RNA biosensors, and protein biosensors. In addition, we reviewed non-invasive electrochemical methods, optical methods, and nano biosensors to analyze the OC biomarkers present in body fluids such as saliva and serum. As a result, this review sheds light on the development of ground-breaking biosensors for the early detection and diagnosis of OC.
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Uchida H, Ovitt CE. Novel impacts of saliva with regard to oral health. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:383-391. [PMID: 34140141 PMCID: PMC8669010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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7
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Han P, Bartold PM, Ivanovski S. The emerging role of small extracellular vesicles in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid as diagnostics for periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:219-231. [PMID: 34773636 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease associated with a destructive host immune-inflammatory response to microbial dysbiosis. Current clinical diagnosis is reliant on measuring past periodontal tissue loss, with a lack of molecular biomarkers to accurately diagnose periodontitis activity in 'real-time'. Thus, discovery of new classes of diagnostic biomarkers is of critical importance in periodontology. Small extracellular vesicles (<200 nm in diameter; sEVs) from oral biofluids (saliva and gingival crevicular fluid-GCF) are lipid-encapsulated bilayered vesicles and have recently emerged as a potential source of biomarkers for periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), due to the cargo of protein, genetic material and lipids derived from their parent cells. There is limited information on the isolation and characterisation methods of saliva/GCF-sEVs or the characterisation of sEVs cargo as biomarkers for periodontitis. In this review, we detail the composition of sEVs and summarise their isolation and characterisation from saliva and GCF. The potential role of saliva and GCF-derived sEVs in periodontitis diagnosis is also explored. It is proposed that sEVs cargo, including protein, microRNA, message RNA and DNA methylation, are potential biomarkers for periodontitis with good diagnostic power (area under the curve-AUC > 0.9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- School of Dentistry, Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Center for Orofacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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8
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Muthu K, Narayanan M. Recognizing the salivary panomics for the clinical application in oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:332-345. [PMID: 34703130 PMCID: PMC8491332 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer arises as a result of multistep carcinogenic progress from precursor lesion to oral squamous cell carcinoma through collective mutational process occur in the stem cells of mucosal epithelium. The detection of such oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs)/cancer in subclinical level will greatly improve the prognosis of a patient. The highly specific and sensitive salivary biomarkers have functioned in detection, prediction, surveillance and therapeutic monitoring of the diseases of interest. The aim of the review is to appraise various salivary biomarkers for the clinical utility in OPMDs. An electronic web-supported search was performed via PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar search engine since the year 2015–2019. A total of 28 research articles were selected for the review after screening and assessment. The various genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and miscellaneous markers were analyzed and their characteristics and clinical application in OPMD patients were discussed. miR-21, miR-31, miR-84, H3F3A mRNA + IL-8P, matrix metalloproteinase-9, chemerin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cytokeratin-10, ornithine + O-hydroxybenzoate + R5F, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, Vitamin E and Vitamin C are identified as potential markers for OPMD patients. Scientifically validated, reliable and economical clinical biomarkers in OPMDs would serve as evidence-based treatment from patient point of view. Further longitudinal studies are needed to verify the accuracy and validate the applicability of these diagnostic/prognostic markers. Saliva has been reported as a valuable noninvasive valuable tool in biomarker identification. Recent advancements in salivary biomarker identification techniques lead to various potential biomarkers with precise outcome. The utilization of these biomarkers for the clinical application in OPMDs depends on the feasibility and personal choice of the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Muthu
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, VMS Dental College, Vinayaga Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Narayanan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, VMS Dental College, Vinayaga Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Martinez-Cuazitl A, Vazquez-Zapien GJ, Sanchez-Brito M, Limon-Pacheco JH, Guerrero-Ruiz M, Garibay-Gonzalez F, Delgado-Macuil RJ, de Jesus MGG, Corona-Perezgrovas MA, Pereyra-Talamantes A, Mata-Miranda MM. ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis of saliva samples from COVID-19 positive patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19980. [PMID: 34620977 PMCID: PMC8497525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the latest biological hazard for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Even though numerous diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 have been proposed, new diagnosis strategies are being developed, looking for less expensive methods to be used as screening. This study aimed to establish salivary vibrational modes analyzed by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to detect COVID-19 biological fingerprints that allow the discrimination between COVID-19 and healthy patients. Clinical dates, laboratories, and saliva samples of COVID-19 patients (N = 255) and healthy persons (N = 1209) were obtained and analyzed through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Then, a multivariate linear regression model (MLRM) was developed. The COVID-19 patients showed low SaO2, cough, dyspnea, headache, and fever principally. C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and ferritin were the most important altered laboratory blood tests, which were increased. In addition, changes in amide I and immunoglobulin regions were evidenced in the FTIR spectra analysis, and the MLRM showed clear discrimination between both groups. Specific salivary vibrational modes employing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were established; moreover, the COVID-19 biological fingerprint in saliva was characterized, allowing the COVID-19 detection using an MLRM, which could be helpful for the development of new diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo J Vazquez-Zapien
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge H Limon-Pacheco
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melissa Guerrero-Ruiz
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Monica M Mata-Miranda
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, 11200, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Non-invasive wearable chemical sensors in real-life applications. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1179:338643. [PMID: 34535258 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-invasive wearable chemical sensors have gained tremendous attention in the field of personal health monitoring and medical diagnosis. These sensors provide non-invasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of targeted biomarkers with more simplicity than the conventional diagnostic approaches. This review primarily describes the substrate materials used for sensor fabrication, sample collection and handling, and analytical detection techniques that are utilized to detect biomarkers in different biofluids. Common substrates including paper, textile, and hydrogel for wearable sensor fabrication are discussed. Principles and applications of colorimetric and electrochemical detection in wearable chemical sensors are illustrated. Data transmission systems enabling wireless communication between the sensor and output devices are also discussed. Finally, examples of different designs of wearable chemical sensors including tattoos, garments, and accessories are shown. Successful development of non-invasive wearable chemical sensors will effectively help users to manage their personal health, predict the potential diseases, and eventually improve the overall quality of life.
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11
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Chundru VNS, Nirmal RM, Srikanth B, Bojji M, Midhun N, Lakshmi BJ. Salivaomics for Oral Cancer Detection: An Insight. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S52-S56. [PMID: 34447042 PMCID: PMC8375914 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_529_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection is very crucial for successful management of oral cancer or any disease as such. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for nearly 90% of malignancy of oral cavity. In the field of cancer research, there is always an ongoing quest for newer methods to lower the morbidity and mortality associated with OSCC. Saliva, a readily available noninvasive biofluid with constant contact with oral cancer lesion, offers an appealing alternative to serum and tissue testing. This review throws light on incorporation of newer technologies for harnessing the saliva to its fullest potential with increased specificity and sensitivity toward identification of cancer-specific molecular signatures for the development of point-of-care applications that could be used at the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Naga Sirisha Chundru
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramadas Madhavan Nirmal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Srikanth
- Department of Dental Surgery, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Manasa Bojji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Malla Reddy Dental College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Namburi Midhun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, CKS Theja institute of Dental Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - B Jaya Lakshmi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Tirumala Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Nizamabad, Telangana, India
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12
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Lukose J, M. SP, N. M, Barik AK, Pai KM, Unnikrishnan VK, George SD, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Photonics of human saliva: potential optical methods for the screening of abnormal health conditions and infections. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:359-385. [PMID: 34093888 PMCID: PMC8170462 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human saliva can be treated as a pool of biological markers able to reflect on the state of personal health. Recent years have witnessed an increase in the use of optical devices for the analysis of body fluids. Several groups have carried out studies investigating the potential of saliva as a non-invasive and reliable clinical specimen for use in medical diagnostics. This brief review aims to highlight the optical technologies, mainly surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Raman, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which are being used for the probing of saliva for diverse biomedical applications. Advances in bio photonics offer the promise of unambiguous, objective and fast detection of abnormal health conditions and viral infections (such as COVID-19) from the analysis of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sanoop Pavithran M.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Mithun N.
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Keerthilatha M. Pai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - V. K. Unnikrishnan
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sajan D. George
- Centre for Applied Nanoscience, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - V. B. Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
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Tripodi D, Cosi A, Fulco D, D’Ercole S. The Impact of Sport Training on Oral Health in Athletes. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:51. [PMID: 34063591 PMCID: PMC8147607 DOI: 10.3390/dj9050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes' oral health appears to be poor in numerous sport activities and different diseases can limit athletic skills, both during training and during competitions. Sport activities can be considered a risk factor, among athletes from different sports, for the onset of oral diseases, such as caries with an incidence between 15% and 70%, dental trauma 14-70%, dental erosion 36%, pericoronitis 5-39% and periodontal disease up to 15%. The numerous diseases are related to the variations that involve the ecological factors of the oral cavity such as salivary pH, flow rate, buffering capability, total bacterial count, cariogenic bacterial load and values of secretory Immunoglobulin A. The decrease in the production of S-IgA and the association with an important intraoral growth of pathogenic bacteria leads us to consider the training an "open window" for exposure to oral cavity diseases. Sports dentistry focuses attention on the prevention and treatment of oral pathologies and injuries. Oral health promotion strategies are needed in the sports environment. To prevent the onset of oral diseases, the sports dentist can recommend the use of a custom-made mouthguard, an oral device with a triple function that improves the health and performance of athletes. During training, the sports dentist must monitor the athletes and the sports examination protocol must be implemented with the inclusion of the clinical examination, quantitative and qualitative analysis of saliva and instructions on the use, cleansing and storage of the mouthguard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.T.); (A.C.); (D.F.)
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Derruau S, Gobinet C, Untereiner V, Sockalingum GD, Nassif A, Viguier M, Piot O, Lorimier S. New insights into hidradenitis suppurativa diagnosis via salivary infrared biosignatures: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000327. [PMID: 33231348 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease which can lead to a prolonged physical disability. HS diagnosis is exclusively clinical with the absence of biomarkers. Our study aims at assessing the HS-diagnostic potential of infrared spectroscopy from saliva, as a biofluid reflecting the body's pathophysiological state. Infrared spectra from 127 patients (57 HS and 70 non-HS) were processed by multivariate methods: principal component analysis coupled with Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests to identify discriminant spectral wavenumbers and linear discriminant analysis to evaluate the performances of HS-diagnostic approach. Infrared features, mainly in the 1300 cm-1 -1600 cm-1 region, were identified as discriminant for HS and prediction models revealed diagnostic performances of about 80%. Tobacco and obesity, two main HS risk factors, do not seem to alter the infrared diagnosis. This pilot study shows the potential of salivary "liquid biopsy" associated to vibrational spectroscopy to develop a personalized medical approach for HS patients' management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Derruau
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpect EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Odontologie, Département de Biologie Orale, Reims, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Reims, France
| | - Cyril Gobinet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpect EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | | | - Ganesh D Sockalingum
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpect EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
| | - Aude Nassif
- Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale, Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical, Paris, France
| | - Manuelle Viguier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Service de Dermatologie -Vénéréologie, Reims, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpect EA 7506, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PICT, Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Lorimier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Odontologie, Département de Biologie Orale, Reims, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GRESPI EA-4694, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
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15
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Derruau S, Robinet J, Untereiner V, Piot O, Sockalingum GD, Lorimier S. Vibrational Spectroscopy Saliva Profiling as Biometric Tool for Disease Diagnostics: A Systematic Literature. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184142. [PMID: 32927716 PMCID: PMC7570680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a biofluid that can be considered as a “mirror” reflecting our body’s health status. Vibrational spectroscopy, Raman and infrared, can provide a detailed salivary fingerprint that can be used for disease biomarker discovery. We propose a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines to evaluate the potential of vibrational spectroscopy to diagnose oral and general diseases using saliva as a biological specimen. Literature searches were recently conducted in May 2020 through MEDLINE-PubMed and Scopus databases, without date limitation. Finally, over a period of 10 years, 18 publications were included reporting on 10 diseases (three oral and seven general diseases), with very high diagnostic performance rates in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Thirteen articles were related to six different cancers of the following anatomical sites: mouth, nasopharynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, and breast. The other diseases investigated and included in this review were periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Moreover, most articles focused on Raman spectroscopy (n = 16/18) and more specifically surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (n = 12/18). Interestingly, vibrational spectroscopy appears promising as a rapid, label-free, and non-invasive diagnostic salivary biometric tool. Furthermore, it could be adapted to investigate subclinical diseases—even if developmental studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Derruau
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Département de Biologie Orale, UFR Odontologie, 2 rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; (S.D.); (J.R.)
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France; (O.P.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Julien Robinet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Département de Biologie Orale, UFR Odontologie, 2 rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; (S.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Valérie Untereiner
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PICT, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France;
| | - Olivier Piot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France; (O.P.); (G.D.S.)
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, PICT, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France;
| | - Ganesh D. Sockalingum
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BioSpecT-EA7506, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51097 Reims, France; (O.P.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Sandrine Lorimier
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Département de Biologie Orale, UFR Odontologie, 2 rue du Général Koenig, 51100 Reims, France; (S.D.); (J.R.)
- Pôle de Médecine Bucco-dentaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, 45 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, GRESPI-EA4694, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, 51687 Reims, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-612162282
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16
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Xiang L, Zeng X, Xia F, Jin W, Liu Y, Hu Y. Recent Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: From the Perspective of System Integration. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6449-6469. [PMID: 32479071 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological signals generated during various biological processes are critically important for providing insight into the human physiological status. Recently, there have been many great efforts in developing flexible and stretchable sensing systems to provide biological signal monitoring platforms with intimate integration with biological surfaces. Here, this review summarizes the recent advances in flexible and stretchable sensing systems from the perspective of electronic system integration. A comprehensive general sensing system architecture is described, which consists of sensors, sensor interface circuits, memories, and digital processing units. The subsequent content focuses on the integration requirements and highlights some advanced progress for each component. Next, representative examples of flexible and stretchable sensing systems for electrophysiological, physical, and chemical information monitoring are introduced. This review concludes with an outlook on the remaining challenges and opportunities for future fully flexible or stretchable sensing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiangwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanlin Jin
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youdi Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Youfan Hu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
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17
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Lin GC, Leitgeb T, Vladetic A, Friedl HP, Rhodes N, Rossi A, Roblegg E, Neuhaus W. Optimization of an oral mucosa in vitro model based on cell line TR146. Tissue Barriers 2020; 8:1748459. [PMID: 32314665 PMCID: PMC7549749 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1748459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, the popularity of saliva has been increasing for its applicability as a diagnostic fluid. Blood biomarker molecules have to cross the blood-saliva barrier (BSB) in order to appear in saliva. The BSB consists of all oral and salivary gland epithelial barriers. Within this context, the optimization of in vitro models for mechanistic studies about the transport of molecules across the oral mucosa is an important task. Here, we describe the optimization and comprehensive characterization of a Transwell model of the oral mucosa based on the epithelial cell line TR146. Through systematic media optimization investigating 12 different set-ups, a significant increase of barrier integrity upon airlift cultivation is described here for TR146 cell layers. The distinct improvement of the paracellular barrier was described by measurements of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and carboxyfluorescein permeability assays. Histological characterization supported TEER data and showed a stratified, non-keratinized multilayer of the optimized TR146 model. High-Throughput qPCR using 96 selected markers for keratinization, cornification, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, aquaporins, mucins, tight junctions, receptors, and transporter proteins was applied to comprehensively characterize the systematic optimization of the cellular model and validate against human biopsy samples. Data revealed the expression of several genes in the oral mucosa epithelium for the first time and elucidated novel regulations dependent on culture conditions. Moreover, functional activity of ABC-transporters ABCB1 and ABCC4 was shown indicating the applicability of the model for drug transport studies. In conclusion, a Transwell model of the oral mucosa epithelium was optimized suitably for transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. Lin
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Leitgeb
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Vladetic
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz-Peter Friedl
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Rhodes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis of Saliva for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:4343590. [PMID: 32104176 PMCID: PMC7035572 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4343590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saliva biomarkers using reagent-free biophotonic technology have not been investigated as a strategy for early detection of breast cancer (BC). The attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been proposed as a promising tool for disease diagnosis. However, its utilization in cancer is still incipient, and currently saliva has not been used for BC screening. We have applied ATR-FTIR onto saliva from patients with breast cancer, benign breast disease, and healthy matched controls to investigate its potential use in BC diagnosis. Several salivary vibrational modes have been identified in original and second-derivative spectra. The absorbance levels at wavenumber 1041 cm−1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in saliva of breast cancer patients compared with those of benign patients, and the ROC curve analysis of this peak showed a reasonable accuracy to discriminate breast cancer from benign and control patients. The 1433–1302.9 cm−1 band area was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in saliva of breast cancer patients than in control and benign patients. This salivary ATR-FTIR spectral area was prevalidated as a potential diagnostic biomarker of BC. This spectral biomarker was able to discriminate human BC from controls with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 80%, respectively. Besides, it was able to differentiate BC from benign disease with sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 70%, respectively. Briefly, for the first time, saliva analysis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has demonstrated the potential use of salivary spectral biomarkers (1041 cm−1 and 1433–1302.9 cm−1) as a novel alternative for noninvasive BC diagnosis, which could be used for screening purposes.
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Schultz J, Uddin Z, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors. Analyst 2020; 145:321-347. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing guidelines for glutamate in biofluids, associated with different diseases, providing knowledge translation among science, engineering, and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schultz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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20
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Takke A, Shende P. Non-invasive Biodiversified Sensors: A Modernized Screening Technology for Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:4108-4120. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191022162232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Biological sensors revolutionize the method of diagnoses of diseases from early to final
stages using the biomarkers present in the body. Biosensors are advantageous due to the involvement of minimal
sample collection with improved specificity and sensitivity for the detection of biomarkers.
Methods:
Conventional biopsies restrict problems like patient non-compliance, cross-infection and high cost and to
overcome these issues biological samples like saliva, sweat, urine, tears and sputum progress into clinical and diagnostic
research for the development of non-invasive biosensors. This article covers various non-invasive measurements
of biological samples, optical-based, mass-based, wearable and smartphone-based biosensors for the detection
of cancer.
Results:
The demand for non-invasive, rapid and economic analysis techniques escalated due to the modernization
of the introduction of self-diagnostics and miniature forms of devices. Biosensors have high sensitivity and
specificity for whole cells, microorganisms, enzymes, antibodies, and genetic materials.
Conclusion:
Biosensors provide a reliable early diagnosis of cancer, which results in faster therapeutic outcomes
with in-depth fundamental understanding of the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Takke
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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21
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Salivary Metabolomics Fingerprint of Chronic Apical Abscess with Sinus Tract: A Pilot Study. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:3162063. [PMID: 31827413 PMCID: PMC6881753 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3162063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic apical abscess (CAA) is a lesion of apical periodontitis mostly characterized by areas of liquefactive necrosis with disintegrating polymorphonuclear neutrophils surrounded by macrophages. Its presence leads to local bacterial infection, systemic inflammatory response, pain, and swelling. The use of a novel approach for the study of CAA, such as metabolomics, seems to be important since it has proved to be a powerful tool for biomarkers discovery which could give novel molecular insight on CAA. So, the aim of this study was to verify the possibility to identify the metabolic fingerprint of CAA through the analysis of saliva samples. Nineteen patients were selected for this study: eleven patients affected by CAA with a sinus tract constituted the study group whereas eight patients without clinical and radiographic signs of CAA formed the healthy control group. Saliva samples were collected from each subject and immediately frozen at −80°C. Metabolomic profiles were obtained using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instrument. Subsequently, in order to compare the two groups, a multivariate statistical model was built that resulted to be statistically significant. The class of metabolites characterizing the CAA patients was closely related to the bacterial catabolism, tissue necrosis, and presence of a sinus tract. These preliminary results, for the first time, indicate that saliva samples analyzed by means of GC/MS metabolomics may be useful for identifying the presence of CAA, leading to new insights into this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, School of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Campanella A, De Summa S, Tommasi S. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:044002. [PMID: 31282387 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab2f9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection at both early and metastatic stage is a pressing medical need. Although many improvements have been made in the treatment and in the early screening of this cancer, most diagnosis are made at a late stage, when a lot of genetic and epigenetic changes have occurred. A promising source of biomarkers reflective of the pathogenesis of lung cancer is exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a biological fluid and a natural matrix of the respiratory tract. Molecules such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, metabolites and volatile compounds are present in EBC, and their presence/absence or their variation in concentrations can be used as biomarkers. The aims of this review are to briefly describe exhaled breath composition, firstly, and then to document some of the EBC candidate biomarkers for lung cancer by dividing them according to their origin (genome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome and microbiota) in order to demonstrate the potential use of EBC as a helpful tool in cancer diagnostics, molecular profiling, therapy monitoring and screening of high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Campanella
- Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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Zhang J, Zhong Y, Zhang P, Du H, Shu J, Liu X, Zhang H, Guo Y, Jia Z, Niu L, Yang F, Li Z. Identification of abnormal fucosylated-glycans recognized by LTL in saliva of HBV-induced chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Glycobiology 2019; 29:242-259. [PMID: 30535277 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced chronic liver diseases are serious health threats worldwide. There is evidence to display the alterations of salivary N-linked glycans related to the development of HBV-infected liver diseases. Here, we further investigated the alterations of fucosylated N/O-glycans recognized by LTL in saliva from 120 subjects (30 healthy volunteers (HV), 30 patients with hepatitis B (HB), 30 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC), and 30 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) using salivary microarrys and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. The results showed that the expression level of fucosylated glycans recognized by LTL was significantly increased in HCC compared with other subjects (P < 0.0001). Besides, the fucosylated glycoproteins were isolated from pooled saliva of HV, HB, HC, and HCC by LTL-magnetic particle conjugates. Then, N/O- glycans were released from the isolated glycoproteins with PNGase F and NaClO, and were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. Totally, there were 21/20, 25/18, 29/19, and 28/24 N/O-glycan peaks that were identified and annotated with proposed structures in saliva of HV, HB, HC, and HCC. Among the total, there were 8 N-glycan peaks (e.g., m/z 1905.634, 2158.777 and 2905.036) and 15 O-glycan peaks (e.g., 1177.407, 1308.444 and 1322.444) that only presented in patients with HBV-induced liver diseases. One N-glycan peak (m/z 2205.766) was unique in HC, and 9 O-glycan peaks (e.g., m/z 1157.420, 1163.417 and 1193.402) were unique in HCC. This study could facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for HC and HCC based on precise alterations of fucosylated N/O-glycans in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Zhang
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peixin Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoqi Du
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghong Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhansheng Jia
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institution of Biophysics, Chineses Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institution of Biophysics, Chineses Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Derruau S, Gobinet C, Mateu A, Untereiner V, Lorimier S, Piot O. Shedding light on confounding factors likely to affect salivary infrared biosignatures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2283-2290. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Lucas BDL, Barbosa TDS, Castelo PM, Gavião MBD. Salivary alpha-amylase and hormones levels of young adults with different body composition. J Texture Stud 2019; 50:45-52. [PMID: 30561102 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the differences in salivary biomarker levels of young adults classified according to body fat accumulation. One hundred and thirty-four volunteers were evaluated (mean age 21 ± 2 years). Body composition was calculated through skinfold thickness: supra-iliac, biceps, and triceps, sub-scapular. Body fat percentage (BF%) was used to classify subjects according to fat tissue accumulation: normal-weight (n = 37, 19 females, 18 males), overweight (n = 42, 30 females, 12 males), and obese (n = 55, 42 females, 13 males). Saliva samples were collected 30 min after awakening to determine salivary levels of 17-beta-estradiol. For salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase activity (sAA) three samples were obtained, just after awakening, 30 min after awakening and at bedtime. Oral contraceptive intake was considered for the female group. The results showed that overweight and obese females using oral contraceptive presented lower levels of 17-β-estradiol than normal-weight females. In overweight and obese males, sAA levels were higher 30 min post-awakening when compared with the normal-weight group. The comparison of sAA levels within time showed no difference for males; obese females showed significant higher values at bedtime than 30 min post-awakening. The salivary cortisol concentration showed higher values at morning decreasing significantly at bedtime for all groups. Concluding, differences in 17-β-estradiol and sAA levels were found in females and males, respectively, according to body fat accumulation, showing the usefulness of salivary biomarkers in the study of systemic conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Saliva is an advantageous biological fluid in innovative methods for diagnosis. Besides being a noninvasive method, salivary steroid measurements have the potential to provide a convenient assessment of serum free steroid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara de Lima Lucas
- Health Science Special Unit, Federal University of Goias, Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís de Souza Barbosa
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Dagdeviren D, Beallias J, Khan I, Mednieks MI, Hand AR. Response of the mouse sublingual gland to spaceflight. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:373-381. [PMID: 29984852 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry of secretory proteins of sublingual glands were studied in mice flown on the US space shuttles Discovery [Space Transportation System (STS)-131] and Atlantis (STS-135). No differences in mucous acinar or serous demilune cell structure were observed between sublingual glands of ground (control) and flight mice. In contrast, previous studies showed autophagy and apoptosis of parotid serous acinar cells in flight mice. The expression of parotid secretory protein (PSP) in sublingual demilune cells of STS-131 flight mice was significantly increased compared with ground (control) mice but decreased in STS-135 flight mice. Similarly, expression of mucin (MUC-19) in acinar cells and expression of the type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA-RII) in demilune cells were increased in STS-131 flight mice and decreased in STS-135 flight mice, but not significantly. Demilune cell and parotid protein (DCPP) was slightly decreased in mice from both flights, and nuclear PKA-RII was slightly increased. These results indicate that the response of salivary glands to spaceflight conditions varies among the different glands, cell types, and secretory proteins. Additionally, the spaceflight environment, including the effects of microgravity, modifies protein expression. Determining changes in salivary proteins may lead to development of non-invasive methods to assess the physiological status of astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Dagdeviren
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John Beallias
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Izaz Khan
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Maija I Mednieks
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Arthur R Hand
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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Kirwan JA, Brennan L, Broadhurst D, Fiehn O, Cascante M, Dunn WB, Schmidt MA, Velagapudi V. Preanalytical Processing and Biobanking Procedures of Biological Samples for Metabolomics Research: A White Paper, Community Perspective (for "Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group"-The Metabolomics Society Initiative). Clin Chem 2018; 64:1158-1182. [PMID: 29921725 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolome of any given biological system contains a diverse range of low molecular weight molecules (metabolites), whose abundances can be affected by the timing and method of sample collection, storage, and handling. Thus, it is necessary to consider the requirements for preanalytical processes and biobanking in metabolomics research. Poor practice can create bias and have deleterious effects on the robustness and reproducibility of acquired data. CONTENT This review presents both current practice and latest evidence on preanalytical processes and biobanking of samples intended for metabolomics measurement of common biofluids and tissues. It highlights areas requiring more validation and research and provides some evidence-based guidelines on best practices. SUMMARY Although many researchers and biobanking personnel are familiar with the necessity of standardizing sample collection procedures at the axiomatic level (e.g., fasting status, time of day, "time to freezer," sample volume), other less obvious factors can also negatively affect the validity of a study, such as vial size, material and batch, centrifuge speeds, storage temperature, time and conditions, and even environmental changes in the collection room. Any biobank or research study should establish and follow a well-defined and validated protocol for the collection of samples for metabolomics research. This protocol should be fully documented in any resulting study and should involve all stakeholders in its design. The use of samples that have been collected using standardized and validated protocols is a prerequisite to enable robust biological interpretation unhindered by unnecessary preanalytical factors that may complicate data analysis and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Kirwan
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; .,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael A Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Sovaris Aerospace, LLC, Boulder, CO
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Detection of Volatile Compounds Emitted from Nasal Secretions and Serum: Towards Non-Invasive Identification of Diseased Cattle Biomarkers. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations5010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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30
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Vieira AT, Castelo PM, Ribeiro DA, Ferreira CM. Influence of Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Health of Menopausal Women. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1884. [PMID: 29033921 PMCID: PMC5625026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in gut microbiota are acknowledged, and evidence suggests that gut microbiota may have a role in higher incidence and/or severity of autoimmune diseases in females. Additionally, it has been suggested that oral, vaginal, and gut microbiota composition can be regulated by estrogen levels. The association of vaginal microbiota with vulvovaginal atrophy at menopause is well described in the literature. However, the relevance of oral and gut microbiota modulation in the immune system during estrogen deficiency and its effect on inflammatory diseases is not well explored. Estrogen deficiency is a condition that occurs in menopausal women, and it can last approximately 30 years of a woman’s life. The purpose of this mini- review is to highlight the importance of alterations in the oral and gut microbiota during estrogen deficiency and their effect on oral and inflammatory diseases that are associated with menopause. Considering that hormone replacement therapy is not always recommended or sufficient to prevent or treat menopause-related disease, we will also discuss the use of probiotics and prebiotics as an option for the prevention or treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paula M Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.,Pathology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Ribeiro
- Pathology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil.,Pathology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Khan RS, Khurshid Z, Yahya Ibrahim Asiri F. Advancing Point-of-Care (PoC) Testing Using Human Saliva as Liquid Biopsy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2017; 7:E39. [PMID: 28677648 PMCID: PMC5617939 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary diagnostics is an emerging field for the encroachment of point of care technology (PoCT). The necessity of the development of point-of-care (PoC) technology, the potential of saliva, identification and validation of biomarkers through salivary diagnostic toolboxes, and a broad overview of emerging technologies is discussed in this review. Furthermore, novel advanced techniques incorporated in devices for the early detection and diagnosis of several oral and systemic diseases in a non-invasive, easily-monitored, less time consuming, and in a personalised way is explicated. The latest technology detection systems and clinical utilities of saliva as a liquid biopsy, electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM), biosensors, smartphone technology, microfluidics, paper-based technology, and how their futuristic perspectives can improve salivary diagnostics and reduce hospital stays by replacing it with chairside screening is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai University, Super Highway, P.O.Box: 2407, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faris Yahya Ibrahim Asiri
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
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Lakshmi KR, Nelakurthi H, Kumar AS, Rudraraju A. Oral fluid-based biosensors: A novel method for rapid and noninvasive diagnosis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/ijds.ijds_6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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