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Zia A, Shams M, Dabbagh A, Shahsavari M, Dorgalaleh A. Cancer-associated thrombosis: the role of inherited thrombophilia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2024; 35:297-302. [PMID: 39083046 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a common complication and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with active cancers. CAT is common in various malignancies, particularly pancreatic, ovarian, gastric, colorectal, and hematologic cancers. In fact, CAT is a complicated multifactorial complication that may be influenced by the type of cancer as well as by the genetic background and inheritance of thrombophilic variants and elevated concentrations of coagulation factors. Several studies have shown the prominent role of inherited thrombophilias, such as prothrombin 20210, factor V Leiden, factor XIII Val34Leu, MTHFR C677T, in the occurrence of CAT, while others have found no correlation between them and CAT. In the present review, we have attempted to investigate the possible role of inherited thrombophilia in the occurrence of CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Zia
- Dezfool University of Medical Sciences, Dezfool
| | - Mahmood Shams
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol
| | - Ali Dabbagh
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | - Milad Shahsavari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University
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2
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Vu K, Kar S, Goyal N, Mottamal M, Afosah DK, Al-Horani RA. Discovery of Heparin Mimetic, Potent, and Selective Inhibitors of Human Clotting Factor XIIIa. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31105-31119. [PMID: 39035933 PMCID: PMC11256326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) is a cysteine transglutaminase that catalyzes the last step in the coagulation process. An anion-binding site inhibition of FXIIIa is a paradigm-shifting strategy that may offer key advantages of controlled inhibition. Such an approach is likely to lead to novel FXIIIa inhibitors that do not carry bleeding risks. We previously reported a flavonoid trimer-based allosteric inhibitor of FXIIIa with moderate potency and selectivity. To further advance this approach, we evaluated a series of 27 variably sulfonated heparin mimetics against human FXIIIa. Only 13 molecules exhibited inhibitory activity at the highest concentration tested with IC50 values of 2-286 μM. Specifically, inhibitor 16 demonstrated an IC50 value of 2.4 ± 0.5 μM in a bisubstrate, fluorescence-based trans-glutamination assay. It also demonstrated a significant selectivity over other clotting factors including thrombin, factor Xa, and factor XIa as well as other cysteine enzymes including papain and tissue transglutaminase 2. Inhibitor 16 did not affect the viability of three human cell lines at a concentration that is 5-fold its FXIIIa-IC50. The molecule had a very weak effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time of human plasma at a concentration of >700 μM, further supporting its functional selectivity. Importantly, molecule 16 inhibited FXIIIa-mediated polymerization of fibrin(ogen) in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by the gel electrophoresis experiment. Michaelis-Menten kinetics revealed that the molecule competes with the Gln-donor protein substrate, i.e., dimethylcasein, but not with the Lys-donor small substrate, i.e., dansylcadaverine. Molecular modeling studies revealed that this type of molecule likely binds to an anion-binding site comprising the basic amino acids of Lys54, Lys61, Lys73, Lys156, and Arg244 among others. Overall, our work puts forward a new anion-binding site, selective, nontoxic, sulfonated heparin mimetic FXIIIa inhibitor 16 for further development as an effective and safer anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla
T. Vu
- Division
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Srabani Kar
- Division
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Navneet Goyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Madhusoodanan Mottamal
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
| | - Daniel K. Afosah
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division
of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125, United States
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3
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Couturaud F, Mahé I, Schmidt J, Gleize JC, Lafon T, Saighi A, Sedjelmaci F, Bertoletti L, Mismetti P. Adult breast, lung, pancreatic, upper and lower gastrointestinal cancer patients with hospitalized venous thromboembolism in the national French hospital discharge database. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:531. [PMID: 37301828 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer are strongly associated. In France, evidence on patients with pancreatic, upper GI [gastrointestinal], lower GI, lung, or breast cancer-associated VTE and their hospital management is limited. The aims of this study were to provide data on the number of hospitalized VTE events among cancer patients, the patients' characteristics, and their hospital management to estimate the burden of disease and the hospital burden of cancer-related VTE and to provide guidance on research. METHODS This longitudinal, observational, and retrospective study was based on the comprehensive hospital discharge database (PMSI). Adult patients (≥ 18 years old) hospitalized with a cancer of interest in 2016 and hospitalized (within 2 years with VTE (captured a as a principal, related, or significant associated diagnosis) were included in the study. RESULTS We identified 340,946 cancer patients, of which 7.2% (24,433 patients) were hospitalized with VTE. The proportions of hospitalized VTE were 14.6% (3,237) for patients with pancreatic cancer, 11.2% (8,339) for lung cancer, 9.9% (2,232) for upper GI cancer, 6.7% (7,011) for lower GI cancer, and 3.1% (3,614) for breast cancer. Around two thirds of cancer patients with a hospitalized VTE had active cancer (with metastases and/or receiving chemotherapy during the six months prior to the index date): from 62% of patients with pancreatic cancer to 72% with breast cancer. Around a third of patients were admitted to the hospital through the emergency room, up to 3% of patients stayed in an intensive care unit. The average length of stay ranged from 10 (breast cancer) to 15 days (upper GI cancer). Nine (lower GI cancer) to 18% (pancreatic cancer) of patients died during the VTE hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS The burden of cancer-associated VTE is substantial, both in terms of the number of patients affected and in the hospital use. These findings offer guidance on future research on VTE prophylaxis in a very high-risk population, particularly in patients with active cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Couturaud
- Univ Brest, INSERM U1304-GETBO, Département de médecine interne et pneumologie, CHU Brest, Brest, France.
- FCRIN INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - I Mahé
- FCRIN INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Service de Médecine Interne, Colombes, France
- Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - J Schmidt
- FCRIN INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | - L Bertoletti
- FCRIN INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire Et Thérapeutique, CHU de St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, UMR1059, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, CIC-1408, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - P Mismetti
- FCRIN INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire Et Thérapeutique, CHU de St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, UMR1059, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM, CIC-1408, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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4
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Treatment and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8519-8526. [PMID: 35587290 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) adversely affects the quality of life and survival of people with cancer. A holistic approach is optimal for the treatment and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) including shared decision-making around anticoagulation, considering individual risk factors for VTE recurrence, morbidities from VTE, and resources available in cancer centres around the world. Taking a global perspective on availability and cost, this paper guides the reader through the wider aspects of treatment and secondary thromboprophylaxis which, in turn, influence the recent international guidelines.
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Wei Q, Chen DS, Liu YH. Case Report: Niraparib-Related Pulmonary Embolism During the Treatment of BRCA Mutant Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:853211. [PMID: 35359396 PMCID: PMC8960313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.853211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Niraparib, an oral, potent, highly selective poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, has promising clinical benefit for maintenance treatment of patients with ovarian cancer in partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy, especially in patients with BRCA mutation. In publicly available niraparib treatment-related adverse events, gastrointestinal disorders and hematological toxicities were most commonly reported with manageable safety profile. Herein, we first describe a severe and never-reported pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with the use of niraparib in a patient with BRCA mutation advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer and received anticoagulant therapy after PE. There have been no reports of PE caused by the use of niraparib in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer; knowledge of the occurrence of PE after the use of niraparib may assist other clinicians in managing this rare but potentially serious toxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Ultrasonic Department, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Gases in Sepsis: Novel Mediators and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073669. [PMID: 35409029 PMCID: PMC8998565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a potentially lethal condition resulting from failure to control the initial infection, is associated with a dysregulated host defense response to pathogens and their toxins. Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity, mortality and disability worldwide. The pathophysiology of sepsis is very complicated and is not yet fully understood. Worse still, the development of effective therapeutic agents is still an unmet need and a great challenge. Gases, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are small-molecule biological mediators that are endogenously produced, mainly by enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Accumulating evidence suggests that these gaseous mediators are widely involved in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Many sepsis-associated alterations, such as the elimination of invasive pathogens, the resolution of disorganized inflammation and the preservation of the function of multiple organs and systems, are shaped by them. Increasing attention has been paid to developing therapeutic approaches targeting these molecules for sepsis/septic shock, taking advantage of the multiple actions played by NO, CO and H2S. Several preliminary studies have identified promising therapeutic strategies for gaseous-mediator-based treatments for sepsis. In this review article, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the pathophysiology of sepsis; the metabolism and physiological function of NO, CO and H2S; the crosstalk among these gaseous mediators; and their crucial effects on the development and progression of sepsis. In addition, we also briefly discuss the prospect of developing therapeutic interventions targeting these gaseous mediators for sepsis.
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Dzinamarira T, Murewanhema G, Mhango M, Iradukunda PG, Chitungo I, Mashora M, Makanda P, Atwine J, Chimene M, Mbunge E, Mapingure MP, Chingombe I, Musuka G, Nkambule SJ, Ngara B. COVID-19 Prevalence among Healthcare Workers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010146. [PMID: 35010412 PMCID: PMC8750782 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers is a critical component to inform occupational health policy and strategy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to map and analayse the available global evidence on the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers. The random-effects adjusted pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among those studies that conducted the test using the antibody (Ab) method was 7% [95% CI: 3 to 17%]. The random-effects adjusted pooled prevalence of COVID-19 among those studies that conducted the test using the PCR method was 11% [95% CI: 7 to 16%]. We found the burden of COVID-19 among healthcare workers to be quite significant and therefore a cause for global health concern. Furthermore, COVID-19 infections among healthcare workers affect service delivery through workers’ sick leave, the isolation of confirmed cases and quarantine of contacts, all of which place significant strain on an already shrunken health workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
- School of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe; (M.P.M.); (I.C.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Grant Murewanhema
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe;
| | - Malizgani Mhango
- School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - Patrick Gad Iradukunda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London WC1E 7HT, UK;
| | - Itai Chitungo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; (I.C.); (B.N.)
| | | | - Pelagia Makanda
- Department of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; (P.M.); (J.A.)
| | - James Atwine
- Department of Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; (P.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Munashe Chimene
- Department of Health Sciences, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe;
| | - Elliot Mbunge
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Accounting and Informatics, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | | | | | - Godfrey Musuka
- ICAP at Columbia University, Harare, Zimbabwe; (M.P.M.); (I.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Sphamandla Josias Nkambule
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Bernard Ngara
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe; (I.C.); (B.N.)
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8
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Association between Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Study. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5025-5034. [PMID: 34940061 PMCID: PMC8699935 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the association between rates of change in daily fruit and vegetable intake and in weekly levels of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) over a 15-month period in women following primary treatment completion for breast cancer. Breast cancer survivors (N = 199) self-reported fruit and vegetable intake and wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to measure levels of MVPA on five occasions every 3 months. Multivariate latent growth modeling revealed that the rate of change in fruit and vegetable intake was not associated with the rate of change in levels of MVPA. Baseline (Mean = 3.46 months post-treatment) levels of MVPA were not associated with the rate of change of daily fruit and vegetable intake; likewise, baseline fruit and vegetable intake was not associated with the rate of change in levels of MVPA. Behavioral interventions promoting fruit and vegetable intake should not be assumed to yield concomitant effects in promoting MVPA or vice versa.
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Iuliani M, Simonetti S, Pantano F, Ribelli G, Di Martino A, Denaro V, Vincenzi B, Russo A, Tonini G, Santini D. Antitumor Effect of Cabozantinib in Bone Metastatic Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:781. [PMID: 34440012 PMCID: PMC8389553 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) negatively affects patients' survival. Data from clinical trials has highlighted a significant benefit of cabozantinib in bone metastatic RCC patients. Here, we evaluated the antitumor effect of cabozantinib in coculture models of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and osteoblasts (OBs) to investigate whether and how its antiproliferative activity is influenced by OBs. METHODS Bone/RCC models were generated, coculturing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Caki-1 and 786-O cells with human primary OBs in a "cell-cell contact" system. RCC proliferation and the OB molecular profile were evaluated after the cabozantinib treatment. RESULTS The Caki-1 cell proliferation increased in the presence of OBs (p < 0.0001), while the 786-O cell growth did not change in the coculture with the OBs. The cabozantinib treatment reduced the proliferation of both the Caki-1 (p < 0.0001) and 786-O (p = 0.03) cells cocultured with OBs. Intriguingly, the inhibitory potency of cabozantinib was higher when Caki-1 cells grew in presence of OBs compared to a monoculture (p < 0.001), and this was similar in 786-O cells alone or cocultured with OBs. Moreover, the OB pretreatment with cabozantinib "indirectly" inhibited Caki-1 cell proliferation (p = 0.040) without affecting 786-O cell growth. Finally, we found that cabozantinib was able to modulate the OB gene and molecular profile inhibiting specific proliferative signals that, in turn, could affect RCC cell growth. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the "direct" effect of cabozantinib on OBs "indirectly" increased its antitumor activity in metastatic RCC Caki-1 cells but not in the primary 786-O model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Iuliani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Giulia Ribelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Alberto Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Neurimotor Sciences (DIBINEM), 1st Orthopaedic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.I.); (S.S.); (G.R.); (B.V.); (G.T.); (D.S.)
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Burgos-Ravanal R, Campos A, Díaz-Vesga MC, González MF, León D, Lobos-González L, Leyton L, Kogan MJ, Quest AFG. Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Cancer Disease and as Nanosystems in Theranostic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3324. [PMID: 34283059 PMCID: PMC8268753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite decades of intense efforts to understand the molecular underpinnings of the disease. To date, much of the focus in research has been on the cancer cells themselves and how they acquire specific traits during disease development and progression. However, these cells are known to secrete large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are now becoming recognized as key players in cancer. EVs contain a large number of different molecules, including but not limited to proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, and they are actively secreted by many different cell types. In the last two decades, a considerable body of evidence has become available indicating that EVs play a very active role in cell communication. Cancer cells are heterogeneous, and recent evidence reveals that cancer cell-derived EV cargos can change the behavior of target cells. For instance, more aggressive cancer cells can transfer their "traits" to less aggressive cancer cells and convert them into more malignant tumor cells or, alternatively, eliminate those cells in a process referred to as "cell competition". This review discusses how EVs participate in the multistep acquisition of specific traits developed by tumor cells, which are referred to as "the hallmarks of cancer" defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, as will be discussed, EVs play an important role in drug resistance, and these more recent advances may explain, at least in part, why pharmacological therapies are often ineffective. Finally, we discuss literature proposing the use of EVs for therapeutic and prognostic purposes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Burgos-Ravanal
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - América Campos
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Magda C. Díaz-Vesga
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali 760008, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda González
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Daniela León
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago 7590943, Chile;
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Laboratorio de Comunicaciones Celulares, Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (R.B.-R.); (A.C.); (M.C.D.-V.); (M.F.G.); (L.L.)
- Centro Avanzado para Estudios en Enfermedades Crónicas (ACCDIS), Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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