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Coppola G, Teodosio LM, Assis HC, Bertolini GR, Castro-Vasconcelos GA, Sousa-Neto MD, Lopes-Olhê FC. Chemical, morphological and microhardness analysis of coronary dentin submitted to internal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide and violet LED. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103862. [PMID: 37890812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violet LED has been used for internal bleaching, however its implications on coronary dentin composition are unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of bleaching with violet LED, either associated with 35 % hydrogen peroxide or not, on microhardness, chemical composition, and morphological characteristics of coronal dentin. METHODS Thirty maxillary canines were selected to obtain 30 blocks of coronal dentin, distributed in 3 groups (n = 10): 35 % hydrogen peroxide (HP); violet LED (LED); HP 35 % + LED, (HP+LED). The chemical analysis was performed by FTIR and the morphological evaluation of the dentin structure by confocal laser scanning microscopy before (T0) and after treatment (T1). The microhardness analysis was performed by microdurometer after bleaching. The data were submitted to repeated measures ANOVA test (P> 0.05). RESULTS The intensity of the inorganic peaks decreased after bleaching for all groups (P = 0.003). There was an increase in the organic peak intensity after bleaching with HP, a decrease for LED, while HP+LED did not change the intensity (P = 0.044). Moreover, the inorganic/organic ratio decreased for HP (P = 0.022), while for LED and HP+LED there was no significant changes (P>0.05). HP and HP+LED showed lower microhardness values compared to LED (P< 0.05). Regarding morphological changes, an increase in the perimeter of the dentinal tubules was found for all groups, with the smallest increase being observed for LED. CONCLUSION HP bleaching decreased the chemical stability and microhardness of the coronal dentin, while the violet LED treatments had no significant impact on dentin stability. In all groups, there was an increase in exposure of the dentinal tubules after bleaching, which was less pronounced with the violet LED bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Coppola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Moreira Teodosio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Assis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Gunther Ricardo Bertolini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Alexandre Castro-Vasconcelos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Manoel D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Carneiro Lopes-Olhê
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Célia de Oliveira Meirelles 350, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14024-070, Brazil.
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Karatas E, Hadis M, Palin WM, Milward MR, Kuehne SA, Camilleri J. Minimally invasive management of vital teeth requiring root canal therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20389. [PMID: 37990070 PMCID: PMC10663499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the possible use of a non-instrumentation technique including blue light irradiation for root canal cleaning. Extracted human single rooted teeth were selected. Nine different groups included distilled water, NaOCl, intra-canal heated NaOCl, and NaOCl + EDTA irrigation after either instrumentation or non-instrumentation, and a laser application group following non-instrumentation technique. The chemical assessment of the root canal dentine was evaluated using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Surface microstructural analyses were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial efficacy of different preparation techniques was evaluated using microbial tests. Light application didn't change the calcium/phosphorus, carbonate/phosphate and amide I/phosphate ratios of the root canal dentin. The root canal dentin preserved its original chemistry and microstructure after light application. The instrumentation decreased the carbonate/phosphate and amide I/phosphate ratios of the root canal dentin regardless of the irrigation solution or technique (p < 0.05). The application of light could not provide antibacterial efficacy to match the NaOCl irrigation. The NaOCl irrigation both in the non-instrumentation and instrumentation groups significantly reduced the number of bacteria (p < 0.05). The use of minimally invasive root canal preparation techniques where the root canal is not instrumented and is disinfected by light followed by obturation with a hydraulic cement sealer reduced the microbial load and preserved the dentin thus may be an attractive treatment option for management of vital teeth needing root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karatas
- Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M Hadis
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - W M Palin
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - M R Milward
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
| | - S A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Camilleri
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5, Mill Pool Way Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
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Leanse LG, Dos Anjos C, Mushtaq S, Dai T. Antimicrobial blue light: A 'Magic Bullet' for the 21st century and beyond? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114057. [PMID: 34800566 PMCID: PMC8728809 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, antimicrobial blue light (aBL) at 400 - 470 nm wavelength has demonstrated immense promise as an alternative approach for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Since our last review was published in 2017, there have been numerous studies that have investigated aBL in terms of its, efficacy, safety, mechanism, and propensity for resistance development. In addition, researchers have looked at combinatorial approaches that exploit aBL and other traditional and non-traditional therapeutics. To that end, this review aims to update the findings from numerous studies that capitalize on the antimicrobial effects of aBL, with a focus on: efficacy of aBL against different microbes, identifying endogenous chromophores and targets of aBL, Resistance development to aBL, Safety of aBL against host cells, and Synergism of aBL with other agents. We will also discuss our perspective on the future of aBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon G Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Carolina Dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sana Mushtaq
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, Pakistan
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Potential for direct application of blue light for photo-disinfection of dentine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 215:112123. [PMID: 33454542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct application of light for photo-disinfection potentially provides a safe and novel modality to inhibit or eliminate cariogenic bacteria residing upon and within dentine. This study aimed to both; characterize the pattern of transmission of 405 nm light through molar dentine at different tooth locations, as well as, determine the irradiation parameters that are antibacterial for Streptococcus mutans under various growth conditions, including lawns, planktonic cultures, and biofilms. To determine the amount of light (405 nm) transmitted at different anatomical tooth locations; irradiance values were recorded after blue light (470-4054 mW/cm2) had traversed through occlusal, oblique, and buccal dentine sections; and three thicknesses - 1, 2 and 3 mm were investigated. To determine tubular density; scanning electron micrographs from 2 mm outer (dentine-enamel junction) and inner (pulp) dentine sections were analysed. For photo-disinfection studies; S. mutans was irradiated using the same 405 nm wavelength light at a range of doses (110-1254 J/cm2) in both biofilm and planktonic cultures. The inhibitory effect of the irradiation on bacterial lawns was compared by measuring zones of inhibition; and for planktonic cultures both spectrophotometric and colony forming unit (CFU) assays were performed. A live/dead staining assay was utilised to determine the effect of irradiation on bacterial viability in mature biofilms. Data indicated that increasing dentine thickness decreased light transmission significantly irrespective of its orientation. Occlusal and oblique samples exhibited higher transmission compared with buccal dentine. Oblique dentine 405 nm light transmission was comparable with that of occlusal dentine independent of section thickness. An increased tubule density directly positively correlated with light transmission. Irradiation at 405 nm inhibited S. mutans growth in both biofilm and planktonic cultures and a dose response relationship was observed. Irradiation at doses of 340 and 831 J/cm2 led to significant reductions in bacterial growth and viability; as determined by CFU counting and live/dead staining. Data suggests that phototherapy approaches utilising a 405 nm wavelength have therapeutic potential to limit cariogenic bacterial infections both at the surface and within dentine.
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Balhaddad AA, AlQranei MS, Ibrahim MS, Weir MD, Martinho FC, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Light Energy Dose and Photosensitizer Concentration Are Determinants of Effective Photo-Killing against Caries-Related Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207612. [PMID: 33076241 PMCID: PMC7589159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caries-related biofilms and associated complications are significant threats in dentistry, especially when biofilms grow over dental restorations. The inhibition of cariogenic biofilm associated with the onset of carious lesions is crucial for preventing disease recurrence after treatment. This in vitro study defined optimized parameters for using a photosensitizer, toluidine blue O (TBO), activated via a red light-emitting diode (LED)-based wireless device to control the growth of cariogenic biofilms. The effect of TBO concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) exposed to light or incubated in the dark was investigated in successive cytotoxicity assays. Then, a mature Streptococcus mutans biofilm model under sucrose challenge was treated with different TBO concentrations (50, 100, and 150 μg/mL), different light energy doses (36, 108, and 180 J/cm2), and different incubation times before irradiation (1, 3, and 5 min). The untreated biofilm, irradiation with no TBO, and TBO incubation with no activation represented the controls. After treatments, biofilms were analyzed via S. mutans colony-forming units (CFUs) and live/dead assay. The percentage of cell viability was within the normal range compared to the control when 50 and 100 μg/mL of TBO were used. Increasing the TBO concentration and energy dose was associated with biofilm inhibition (p < 0.001), while increasing incubation time did not contribute to bacterial elimination (p > 0.05). Irradiating the S. mutans biofilm via 100 μg/mL of TBO and ≈180 J/cm2 energy dose resulted in ≈3-log reduction and a higher amount of dead/compromised S. mutans colonies in live/dead assay compared to the control (p < 0.001). The light energy dose and TBO concentration optimized the bacterial elimination of S. mutans biofilms. These results provide a perspective on the determining parameters for highly effective photo-killing of caries-related biofilms and display the limitations imposed by the toxicity of the antibacterial photodynamic therapy’s chemical components. Future studies should support investigations on new approaches to improve or overcome the constraints of opportunities offered by photodynamic inactivation of caries-related biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A. Balhaddad
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. AlQranei
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria S. Ibrahim
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Frederico C. Martinho
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (H.H.K.X.); (M.A.S.M.)
| | - Mary Anne S. Melo
- Ph.D. Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (A.A.B.); (M.S.A.); (M.S.I.); (M.D.W.); (F.C.M.)
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: (H.H.K.X.); (M.A.S.M.)
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