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Thakur A, Kooner AK, Goel S, Jain R, Kaur P, Grover V, Arora S, Das G, Ahmed N, Heboyan A. Prevalence of rapid calculus formers and its associated factors amongst patients visiting a dental hospital: a preliminary investigation. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:956. [PMID: 39152413 PMCID: PMC11330029 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the determination and classification of patients as rapid or slowcalculusformersbasedontherateofcalculusformationafteroralprophylaxis. It also aims to determine the factors that positively impact the formation and deposition of calculus in patients and identify the factors that accelerate or decelerate the deposition of calculus. METHODS The study was conducted in the Department of Periodontology, Dr Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University Chandigarh, India. We examined 51 patients after a month of the oral prophylaxis, recorded the amount of calculus present in the oral cavity, and then recorded a detailed history which was briefly divided into Age, Sex, Residence, Oral habits, and maintenance of oral hygiene. RESULTS An evident and meaningful link was found between age and the rate at which dental calculus forms. The average age of individuals differed significantly between the rapid and slow calculus formers, which could be ascribed to the decline in manual dexterity as age increases, resulting in less effective oral hygiene habits, including toothbrushing. None of the other factors dietary and oral hygiene related could be identified distinctly, probably owing to the small sample of the study. The oral health status exhibited a significant difference between slow and rapid calculus formers. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, the data analyzed, identified age as a significant determinant that impact the rate of formation of calculus in patients and reported a significant difference in the oral health status of rapid and slow calculus formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Thakur
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amneet Kaur Kooner
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shreya Goel
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajni Jain
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishakha Grover
- Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Punjab University Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Suraj Arora
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gotam Das
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, 75500, Pakistan.
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Karegar St, Tehran, Iran.
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Dai X, Liang R, Dai M, Li X, Zhao W. Smoking Impacts Alzheimer's Disease Progression Through Oral Microbiota Modulation. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1. [PMID: 38795302 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an important public health challenge with a limited understanding of its pathogenesis. Smoking is a significant modifiable risk factor for AD progression, and its specific mechanism is often interpreted from a toxicological perspective. However, microbial infections also contribute to AD, with oral microbiota playing a crucial role in its progression. Notably, smoking alters the ecological structure and pathogenicity of the oral microbiota. Currently, there is no systematic review or summary of the relationship between these three factors; thus, understanding this association can help in the development of new treatments. This review summarizes the connections between smoking, AD, and oral microbiota from existing research. It also explores how smoking affects the occurrence and development of AD through oral microbiota, and examines treatments for oral microbiota that delay the progression of AD. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the potential of the oral microbiota to act as a biomarker for AD. Finally, it considers the feasibility of probiotics and oral antibacterial therapy to expand treatment methods for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhu Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqiong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shaikh HFM, Oswal PU, Kugaji MS, Katti SS, Bhat KG, Kandaswamy E, Joshi VM. Association of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes with Periodontitis Disease Severity and Red Complex Bacteria. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:105. [PMID: 38668017 PMCID: PMC11048763 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are considered the principal etiological agent in the development of periodontitis. Novel species that may contribute to periodontitis and dysbiosis have been identified recently. The study aims to evaluate the presence of F. alocis and D. pneumosintes in healthy and diseased patients and their association with clinical parameters and with red complex bacteria. The study included 60 subjects, with 30 patients each in the healthy and periodontitis groups. The clinical parameters were noted, and samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by a polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. Results: F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). D. pneumosintes was significantly associated with T. forsythia in the periodontitis group (p < 0.05). Both of these organisms were present in sites with higher clinical attachment loss (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes were detected at a significantly higher percentage in periodontitis subjects and were detected more frequently in sites with a greater clinical attachment loss. It was also evident that both F. alocis and D. pneumosintes can be present independently of other putative periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawaabi F. M. Shaikh
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi 590019, India; (H.F.M.S.); (P.U.O.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Pratima U. Oswal
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi 590019, India; (H.F.M.S.); (P.U.O.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Manohar Suresh Kugaji
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research, BLDE Deemed to be University, Vijayapura 586103, India
| | - Sandeep S. Katti
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal’s Nathajirao G. Halgekar Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi 590019, India; (H.F.M.S.); (P.U.O.); (S.S.K.)
| | | | - Eswar Kandaswamy
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
| | - Vinayak M. Joshi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA;
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4
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Senaratne NLM, Yung on C, Shetty NY, Gopinath D. Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1310334. [PMID: 38445094 PMCID: PMC10912582 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1310334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to evaluate the impact of tobacco use on the composition and functions of the oral microbiome in healthy adult humans. Methods We conducted a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cinhal databases for literature published until 15 December 2023, to identify studies that have evaluated the oral microbiome with culture-independent next-generation techniques comparing the oral microbiome of tobacco users and non-users. The search followed the PECO format. The outcomes included changes in microbial diversity and abundance of microbial taxa. The quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) (PROSPERO ID CRD42022340151). Results Out of 2,435 articles screened, 36 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria and were selected for full-text review. Despite differences in design, quality, and population characteristics, most studies reported an increase in bacterial diversity and richness in tobacco users. The most notable bacterial taxa enriched in users were Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria at the phylum level and Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Veillonella at the genus level. At the functional level, more similarities could be noted; amino acid metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation pathways were increased in tobacco users compared to non-users. Most of the studies were of good quality on the NOS scale. Conclusion Tobacco smoking influences oral microbial community harmony, and it shows a definitive shift towards a proinflammatory milieu. Heterogeneities were detected due to sampling and other methodological differences, emphasizing the need for greater quality research using standardized methods and reporting. Systematic Review Registration CRD42022340151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Lalindri Mareena Senaratne
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheng Yung on
- Sungai Rengit Dental Clinic, Johor Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Tinggi, Malaysia
| | - Naresh Yedthare Shetty
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Divya Gopinath
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Basic Medical and Dental Sciences Department, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Cicchinelli S, Rosa F, Manca F, Zanza C, Ojetti V, Covino M, Candelli M, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Piccioni A. The Impact of Smoking on Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041144. [PMID: 37189762 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a classic risk factor for many diseases. The microbiota has been recently indicated as a new, major player in human health. Its deregulation-dysbiosis-is considered a new risk factor for several illnesses. Some studies highlight a cross-interaction between these two risk factors-smoke and dysbiosis-that may explain the pathogenesis of some diseases. We searched the keywords "smoking OR smoke AND microbiota" in the title of articles on PubMed®, UptoDate®, and Cochrane®. We included articles published in English over the last 25 years. We collected approximately 70 articles, grouped into four topics: oral cavity, airways, gut, and other organs. Smoke may impair microbiota homeostasis through the same harmful mechanisms exerted on the host cells. Surprisingly, dysbiosis and its consequences affect not only those organs that are in direct contact with the smoke, such as the oral cavity or the airways, but also involve distant organs, such as the gut, heart, vessels, and genitourinary tract. These observations yield a deeper insight into the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of smoke-related diseases, suggesting a role of dysbiosis. We speculate that modulation of the microbiota may help prevent and treat some of these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cicchinelli
- Department of Emergency, Ospedale SS. Filippo e Nicola, 67051 Avezzano, Italy
| | - Federico Rosa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Manca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Christian Zanza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, 12060 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Covino
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Tranfić Duplančić M, Pecotić R, Lušić Kalcina L, Pavlinac Dodig I, Valić M, Roguljić M, Rogić D, Lapić I, Grdiša K, Peroš K, Đogaš Z. Salivary parameters and periodontal inflammation in obstructive sleep apnoea patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19387. [PMID: 36371504 PMCID: PMC9653442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23957-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to objectively assess the salivary flow rate and composition and periodontal inflammation in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients. The subjects, who underwent whole-night polysomnography or polygraphy, were referred for saliva sampling and periodontal examination. According to the severity of OSA based on the Apnoea Hypopnea Index (AHI) value, the subjects were classified into groups: no OSA (AHI < 5; N = 17), mild to moderate OSA (AHI 5-29.9; N = 109), and severe OSA (AHI > 30; N = 79). Salivary flow rate, pH, salivary electrolytes, and cortisol were measured from collected saliva samples. Periodontal examination included assessment of the number of teeth, dental plaque, bleeding on probing and periodontal measurements: gingival recession, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level (CAL) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) score. There were no significant differences in salivary flow rate, salivary pH, salivary electrolyte concentrations or electrolyte ratios among the groups classified according to the severity of OSA. However, subjects without OSA had higher salivary cortisol concentrations than OSA groups (p < 0.001). Increased plaque scores were associated with a higher AHI (r = 0.26; p = 0.003). According to the salivary flow rate, subjects with hyposalivation and reduced salivation had higher concentrations of salivary electrolytes and lower salivary pH than subjects with normal salivation. Subjects with hyposalivation had an increased Mg/PO4 ratio (p < 0.001) and a reduced Ca/Mg ratio (p < 0.001). Furthermore, subjects with severe OSA tended to have higher CALs and plaque volumes. In conclusion, under pathological conditions, such as OSA, multiple interactions might impact salivary flow and electrolyte composition. Complex interrelationships might affect the integrity of oral health, especially considering OSA severity, inflammation, concomitant diseases and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Tranfić Duplančić
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Renata Pecotić
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Linda Lušić Kalcina
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivana Pavlinac Dodig
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Valić
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Roguljić
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Lapić
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Grdiša
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Peroš
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Đogaš
- grid.38603.3e0000 0004 0644 1675School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Caggiano M, Gasparro R, D’Ambrosio F, Pisano M, Di Palo MP, Contaldo M. Smoking Cessation on Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:162. [PMID: 36135157 PMCID: PMC9497918 DOI: 10.3390/dj10090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since smoking is considered among the main risk factors for the onset and progression of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, the present systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking cessation on clinical, radiographic, and gingival crevicular periodontal parameters around natural teeth and dental implants in ex-smokers compared to current and non-smokers. The study protocol was developed based on the PRISMA guidelines, the research question was formulated according to the PICO model, and the literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and BioMed Central databases. From the 916 title/abstracts initially identified, seven articles were included in the present systematic review and assessed for quality through the ROBINS-I tool. Reported findings on clinical and crevicular periodontal parameters around natural teeth were contrasting when comparing ex-smokers to current and non-smokers; thus, individualized recommendations for previous smoker periodontal patients are currently lacking. No data on radiographic parameters were retrieved. Similarly, data on periodontal parameters around dental implants were not available, highlighting the need for focused investigations assessing the role of both smoking habit and cessation on peri-implant health status and responsiveness to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caggiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Massimo Pisano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Di Palo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Schola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialities, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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