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de Souza SDNG, Batista DM, Quaresma AC, Costa AL, Demarchi LO, Albuquerque BW, Klein VP, Feitoza G, de Resende AF, Mori GB, Wittmann F, Oliveira LL, Mortati AF, da Cunha AC, Schongart J, Lopes A, Piedade MTF, André T. Soil flooding filters evolutionary lineages of tree communities in Amazonian riparian forests. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11635. [PMID: 39050660 PMCID: PMC11266118 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Inundations in Amazonian black-water river floodplain result in the selection of different tree lineages, thus promoting coexistence between species. We investigated whether Amazonian tree communities are phylogenetically structured and distributed along a flooding gradient from irregularly flooded forests along streams embedded within upland (terra-firme) forest to seasonally flooded floodplains of large rivers (igapós). Floristic inventories and hydrological monitoring were performed along the Falsino River, a black-water river in the eastern Amazon within the Amapá National Forest. We constructed a presence-and-absence matrix and generated a phylogeny using the vascular plant database available in GenBank. We calculated the standardized values of the metrics of phylogenetic diversity (ses.PD), average phylogenetic distance (ses.MPD), and average nearest-neighbor distance (ses.MNTD) to test whether the history of relationships between species in the community is influenced by inundation. We used the phylogenetic endemism (PE) metric to verify the existence of taxa with restricted distribution. Linear regressions were used to test whether phylogenetic metrics have a significant relationship with the variables: maximum flood height, maximum water table depth, and maximum flood amplitude. The results show that forests subject to prolonged seasonal flooding have reduced taxon richness, low phylogenetic diversity, and random distribution of lineages within communities. On the other hand, terra-firme riparian forests showed higher rates of taxon richness, diversity, and phylogenetic dispersion, in addition to greater phylogenetic endemism. These results indicate that seasonal and predictable soil flooding filters tree lineages along the hydrographic gradient. Different adaptations to root waterlogging are likely requirements for colonization in these environments and may represent an important factor in the diversification of tree lineages in the Amazon biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthefanie do Nascimento Gomes de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in EcologyNational Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | | | - Adriano Costa Quaresma
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Institute of Technology (KIT)KarlsruheGermany
| | - Ana Luiza Costa
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Layon Oreste Demarchi
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Bianca Weiss Albuquerque
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Viviane Pagnussat Klein
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Gildo Feitoza
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Angélica Faria de Resende
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Forest Sciences Department, ESALQ/USPUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gisele Biem Mori
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | | | - Leidiane Leão Oliveira
- Institute of Water Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of Western ParáSantarémBrazil
| | | | | | - Jochen Schongart
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Aline Lopes
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
- Researcher at the Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation (ICETI)MaringáBrazil
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Ecology, Monitoring and Sustainable Use of Wetlands (MAUA Research Group)National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA)ManausBrazil
| | - Thiago André
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological SciencesUniversity of BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
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Zhou Y, Wang Q, Xiao G, Zhang Z. Effects of the catastrophic 2020 Yangtze River seasonal floods on microcystins and environmental conditions in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1380668. [PMID: 38511001 PMCID: PMC10951095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1380668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During July and August 2020, Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) suffered from catastrophic seasonal floods. Floods changed environmental conditions and caused increase in concentration of microcystins (MCs) which is a common and potent cyanotoxin. However, the effects and seasonal variations of MCs, cyanobacteria, and environmental conditions in TGRA after the 2020 Yangtze River extreme seasonal floods remain largely unclear, and relevant studies are lacking in the literature. Methods A total of 12 representative sampling sites were selected to perform concentration measurement of relevant water quality objectives and MCs in the representative area of the TGRA. The sampling period was from July 2020 to October 2021, which included the flood period. Organic membrane filters were used to perform the DNA extraction and analyses of the 16S rRNA microbiome sequencing data. Results Results showed the seasonal floods result in significant increases in the mean values of microcystin-RR (MCRR), microcystin-YR (MCYR), and microcystin-LR (MCLR) concentration and some water quality objectives (i.e., turbidity) in the hinterland of TGRA compared with that in non-flood periods (p < 0.05). The mean values of some water quality objectives (i.e., total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and turbidity), MC concentration (i.e., MCRR, MCYR, and MCLR), and cyanobacteria abundance (i.e., Cyanobium_PCC-6307 and Planktothrix_NIVA-CYA_15) displayed clear tendency of increasing in summer and autumn and decreasing in winter and spring in the hinterland of TGRA. Discussions The results suggest that seasonal floods lead to changes in MC concentration and environmental conditions in the hinterland of TGRA. Moreover, the increase in temperature leads to changes in water quality objectives, which may cause water eutrophication. In turn, water eutrophication results in the increase in cyanobacteria abundance and MC concentration. In particular, the increased MC concentration may further contribute to adverse effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Regions Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Falen L, Guedes M, de Castilho CV, Jorge RF, Bezerra FM, Magnusson WE. Palm live aboveground biomass in the riparian zones of a forest in Central Amazonia. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Falen
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Mariane Guedes
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Carolina V. de Castilho
- Embrapa Roraima & Programa de Pós‐graduação em Recursos Naturais Universidade Federal de Roraima Boa Vista RR Brazil
| | - Rafael F. Jorge
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Francisco M. Bezerra
- Centro de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica (CENBAM) AM Manaus Brazil
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Barros KO, Alvarenga FBM, Magni G, Souza GFL, Abegg MA, Palladino F, da Silva SS, Rodrigues RCLB, Sato TK, Hittinger CT, Rosa CA. The Brazilian Amazonian rainforest harbors a high diversity of yeasts associated with rotting wood, including many candidates for new yeast species. Yeast 2023; 40:84-101. [PMID: 36582015 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the diversity of yeast species associated with rotting wood in Brazilian Amazonian rainforests. A total of 569 yeast strains were isolated from rotting wood samples collected in three Amazonian areas (Universidade Federal do Amazonas-Universidade Federal do Amazonas [UFAM], Piquiá, and Carú) in the municipality of Itacoatiara, Amazon state. The samples were cultured in yeast nitrogen base (YNB)-d-xylose, YNB-xylan, and sugarcane bagasse and corncob hemicellulosic hydrolysates (undiluted and diluted 1:2 and 1:5). Sugiyamaella was the most prevalent genus identified in this work, followed by Kazachstania. The most frequently isolated yeast species were Schwanniomyces polymorphus, Scheffersomyces amazonensis, and Wickerhamomyces sp., respectively. The alpha diversity analyses showed that the dryland forest of UFAM was the most diverse area, while the floodplain forest of Carú was the least. Additionally, the difference in diversity between UFAM and Carú was the highest among the comparisons. Thirty candidates for new yeast species were obtained, representing 36% of the species identified and totaling 101 isolates. Among them were species belonging to the clades Spathaspora, Scheffersomyces, and Sugiyamaella, which are recognized as genera with natural xylose-fermenting yeasts that are often studied for biotechnological and ecological purposes. The results of this work showed that rotting wood collected from the Amazonian rainforest is a tremendous source of diverse yeasts, including candidates for new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina O Barros
- Departmento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Laboratory of Genetics, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Flávia B M Alvarenga
- Departmento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giulia Magni
- Departmento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gisele F L Souza
- Departmento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maxwel A Abegg
- Institute of Exact Sciences and Technology (ICET), Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Itacoatiara, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palladino
- Departmento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sílvio S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Rita C L B Rodrigues
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Trey K Sato
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chris Todd Hittinger
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Laboratory of Genetics, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, Wisconsin Energy Institute, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departmento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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da Silva Cruz J, Blanco CJC, de Oliveira Júnior JF. Modeling of land use and land cover change dynamics for future projection of the Amazon number curve. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152348. [PMID: 34919927 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The hydrological parameter Curve Number (CN) was projected in the future in a 30 m spatial resolution grid for the Amazon. Through the DINAMICA EGO platform, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) were calibrated, simulated, validated, and projected for 2049 in a five-year time frame from 2009. The reclassified LULCs of 2009, 2014, and 2019 of the MapBiomas 5.0 project were used as input to DINAMICA EGO. Calibration was prepared using the 2009 and 2014 maps and the 2014 simulated map; the validation was carried out using the 2014 map, 2019, and 2019 simulated. In the calibration, the multiple window similarity values were all above 50% for the models of each basin, except for the Tapajós which was 40% in spatial resolution of 255 m. Validation values ranged between 36% and 76% at a spatial resolution of 255 m. Concerning the future projection of CN, the average CN of the Amazon region is equal to 77. The highest values of CN were found in the southern regions of the basins of the Xingu, Tapajós, Madeira, and throughout the basins of the Araguaia and Tocantins. In this Amazon region, in 2049, the areas of high CN will increase due to forest conversion to pasture/agriculture, implying larger runoff and flooding, including the urban areas, which will also expand. These floods will be intensified concerning those that already occur in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josias da Silva Cruz
- Post-Graduation Program of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pará-PPGEC/ITEC/UFPA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, Brazil.
| | - Claudio José Cavalcante Blanco
- School of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Federal University of Pará - FAESA/ITEC/UFPA, Av. Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, Brazil.
| | - José Francisco de Oliveira Júnior
- Applied Meteorology and Environment Laboratory (LAMMA), Institute of Atmospheric Sciences (ICAT), Federal University of Alagoas - LAMMA/ICAT/UFAL, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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The Floodplain Forests of the Mamberamo Basin, Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea): Vegetation, Soils, and Local Use. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
New Guinea is the world’s largest, most speciose, and most culturally rich tropical island, and the little-studied Mamberamo Basin of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea) is recognised among the region’s most-important areas for biological diversity. Here, we examined the floodplain forests in the indigenous territory of Papasena, within the Mamberamo-Foja Wildlife Reserve in the Mamberamo Basin. As part of a training activity with local researchers, students, and civil servants, and with the permission and assistance of the local people, we employed various methods including the field surveys detailed here. We used variable-area tree plots, transects for non-trees and soil sampling, and local informants to document 17 plots: four in old-growth dryland forest, five in old-growth swamp forests (two seasonally flooded and three permanently wet including one dominated by sago, Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), five in secondary forest (fallows), and three in gardens (two in swamps and one on dryland). In total, we measured 475 trees over 10 cm in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh). The swamp forests had high local basal areas (highest value 45.1 m2 ha−1) but relatively low statures (20 m but with emergent trees over 40 m). In total, 422 morphospecies from 247 genera and 89 different families were distinguished. These included 138 tree species and 284 non-tree plant species. A quarter (105) of the morphospecies lacked species-level identifications. The woody families Rubiaceae, Araceae, Moraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were especially diverse, with 20 or more morphospecies each. Tree richness was highest in dryland forest (plot 7 having 28 species in 40 stems over 10 cm dbh) with more variation in the flooded forests. Non-tree vegetation showed similar patterns ranging from 65 species in one 40-by-5 m primary forest plot to just 5 in one seasonally flooded forest plot. The local people identified many plants as useful. Among trees, at least 59 species were useful for construction (the most common use), while, for non-trees, medicinal uses were most frequent. Inceptisols dominated (12 plots), followed by Ultisols and Entisols (3 and 2 plots, respectively). Drainage appeared poor and nutrient availability low, while land-suitability criteria implied little potential for crops aside from sago. We discuss the implication of local practises and more recent developments that may threaten the conservation of these floodplain systems. We underline the key role of local people in the oversight and protection of these ecosystems.
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Riley Peterson KN, Browne RA, Erwin TL. Carabid beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) richness, diversity, and community structure in the understory of temporarily flooded and non-flooded Amazonian forests of Ecuador. Zookeys 2021; 1044:831-876. [PMID: 34183894 PMCID: PMC8222208 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1044.62340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tropical regions harbor the greatest arthropod diversity on Earth, the majority of species are taxonomically and scientifically unknown. Furthermore, how they are organized into functional communities and distributed among habitats is mostly unstudied. Here we examine species richness, diversity, and community composition of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and compare them between flooded (FP) and non-flooded terra firme (TF) forests in the Yasuní area of Ecuador. The forest understory was sampled using flight intercept traps (FITs) and systematic hand collections at night in June and July 2011 and 2012, and FITs in October and November 2011. A total of 1,255 Carabidae representing 20 tribes, 54 genera, and 143 morphospecies was collected. Mean number of individuals and mean species richness did not differ significantly between FP and TF; however, numbers of Cicindelini (tiger beetles) and Pentagonicini were higher in TF forest while numbers of Lachnophorini and Scaritini were higher in FP forest. Overall, FP had significantly higher rarefied richness but extrapolation of rarefaction curves using the Chao1 nonparametric diversity estimator show that this difference may decrease with additional sampling. The inverse Simpson index was significantly higher for FP than TF forest. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination and dissimilarity coefficient values show that FP and TF forests maintain unique assemblages with minimal overlap in community composition. Given ongoing anthropogenic pressures, particularly petroleum extraction, and those resulting from climate change, a greater understanding of the richness, diversity and community assemblages of Yasuní rainforest are needed to better conserve the fauna of this megadiverse area of Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn N. Riley Peterson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USAWake Forest UniversityWinston-SalemUnited States of America
- Department of Natural Sciences, Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, NC, USAPfeiffer UniversityMisenheimerUnited States of America
| | - Robert A. Browne
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USAWake Forest UniversityWinston-SalemUnited States of America
| | - Terry L. Erwin
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USASmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
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