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Guo J, Tang W, Tang W, Gao T, Yuan M, Wu Y, Wang G. Research progress on the types, functions, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation of ginkgo terpenoids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108754. [PMID: 38824693 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is a relict plant endemic to China that is commonly considered a "living fossil". It contains unique medicinal compounds that play important roles in its response to various stresses and help maintain human health. Ginkgo terpenoids are known to be important active ingredients but have received less attention than flavonoids. Hence, this review focuses on recent progress in research on the pharmacological effects of ginkgo terpenoid and the bioactivities of different terpenoid monomers. Many key structural genes, enzyme-encoding genes, transcription factors, and noncoding RNAs involved in the ginkgo terpenoid pathway were identified. Finally, many external factors (ecological factors, hormones, etc.) that regulate the biosynthesis and metabolism of terpenoids were proposed. All these findings improve the understanding of the biosynthesis, accumulation, and medicinal functions of terpenoids. Finally, this review includes an in-depth discussion regarding the limitations of terpenoid-related studies and potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing, 210014, China.
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu J, Wang D, Yan X, Jia L, Chen N, Liu J, Zhao P, Zhou L, Cao Q. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization management on soil properties and leaf traits and yield of Sapindus mukorossi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1300683. [PMID: 38529062 PMCID: PMC10961425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1300683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Rational fertilization is the main measure to improve crop yield, but there are differences in the optimal effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) rationing exhibited by the same crop species in different regions and soil conditions. In order to determine the optimum fertilization ratio for high yield of Sapindus mukorossi in western Fujian to provide scientific basis. We carried out the experimental design with different ratios of N, P and K to investigate the effects of fertilization on the yield. and leaf physiology of Sapindus mukorossiand soil properties. Results showed that the yield of Sapindus mukorossi reached the highest value (1464.58 kg ha-1) at N2P2K2 treatment, which increased to 1056.25 kg ha-1 compared with the control. There were significant differences in the responses of soil properties and leaf physiological factors to fertilization treatments. Factor analysis showed that the integrated scores of soil factors and leaf physiological characteristic factors of Sapindus mukorossi under N2P2K2 fertilization treatment were the highest, which effectively improved the soil fertility and leaf physiological traits. The yield of Sapindus mukorossi showed a highly significant linear positive correlation with the integrated scores (r=0.70, p<0.01). Passage analysis showed that soil available nitrogen content, organic carbon content, and leaf area index were the key main factors to affect the yield. RDA showed that soil organic carbon and available phosphorus were the most important factors to affect leaf physiological traits. We recommend that the optimum fertilization ratio of Sapindus mukorossi was 0.96Kg N, 0.80Kg P and 0.64Kg K per plant. Reasonable fertilization can improve soil fertility and leaf physiological traits, while excessive fertilization has negative effects on soil fertility, leaf physiology and yield. This study provides theoretical support for scientific cultivation of woody oil seed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liming Jia
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus Industry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuli Cao
- Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Guo J, Wang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Wu Y, Wang G. Overview and Recent Progress on the Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14604. [PMID: 37834050 PMCID: PMC10572177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and their derivatives play important roles in plants, such as exerting protective activity against biotic and abiotic stresses, functioning in visual signaling to attract pollinators, and regulating phytohormone activity. They are also important secondary metabolites that are beneficial to humans. Ginkgo biloba L. is a well-known relict plant considered to be a "living fossil". Flavonoids present in ginkgo leaves have antioxidant and anti-aging capacities and show good therapeutic effects on a variety of neurological diseases. To date, studies on flavonoids have mainly focused on their extraction, pharmacological effects, and component analysis and on the expression levels of the key genes involved. However, a systematic review summarizing the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms of ginkgo flavonoids is still lacking. Thus, this review was conducted to comprehensively introduce the biological characteristics, value, and utilization status of ginkgo; summarize the effects, biosynthetic pathways, and transcriptional regulation of flavonoids; and finally, discuss the factors (ecological factors, hormones, etc.) that regulate the biosynthesis of flavonoids in ginkgo. This review will provide a reference basis for future research on the biosynthesis and efficient utilization of flavonoids in ginkgo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yeqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China;
| | - Guibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (J.G.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (J.Z.)
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Guo J, Wu Y, Wang T, Xin Y, Wang G, Zhou Q, Xu LA. GbFLSa overexpression negatively regulates proanthocyanin biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1093656. [PMID: 36875575 PMCID: PMC9975577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1093656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites with extensive pharmacological functions. Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) has attracted extensive attention because of its high flavonoid medicinal value. However, little is understood about ginkgo flavonol biosynthesis. Herein, we cloned the full-length gingko GbFLSa gene (1314 bp), which encodes a 363 amino acid protein that has a typical 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-Fe(II) oxygenase region. Recombinant GbFLSa protein with a molecular mass of 41 kDa was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The protein was localized to the cytoplasm. Moreover, proanthocyanins, including catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin, were significantly less abundant in transgenic poplar than in nontransgenic (CK) plants. In addition, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase expression levels were significantly lower than those of their CK counterparts. GbFLSa thus encodes a functional protein that might negatively regulate proanthocyanin biosynthesis. This study helps elucidate the role of GbFLSa in plant metabolism and the potential molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yue Xin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Forest Breeding Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Guo J, Wu Y, Guo F, Wang G. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal stage- and tissue- specific flavonoid accumulation in Ginkgo biloba. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li R, Yu D, Zhang Y, Han J, Zhang W, Yang Q, Gessler A, Li MH, Xu M, Guan X, Chen L, Wang Q, Wang S. Investment of needle nitrogen to photosynthesis controls the nonlinear productivity response of young Chinese fir trees to nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156537. [PMID: 35679936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant carbon (C) assimilation is expected to nonlinearly increase with continuously increasing nitrogen (N) deposition, causing a N saturation threshold for productivity. However, the response of plant productivity to N deposition rates and further the N saturation threshold still await comprehensive quantization for forest ecosystem. Here, we tested the effect of N addition on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of three-year old Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) trees by adding N at 0, 5.6, 11.2, 22.4, and 44.8 g N m-2 yr-1 for 2.5 years. The N saturation threshold was estimated based on a quadratic-plus-plateau model. Results showed that ANPP transitioned from an increasing stage with increasing N addition rate to a plateaued stage at an N rate of 16.3 g N m-2 yr-1. The response of ANPP to N addition rates was well explained by the net photosynthetic rates of needles. Results from the dual isotope measurement [simultaneous determination of needle stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes] indicated that the photosynthetic capacity, rather than the stomatal conductance, mediated the response of photosynthesis and ANPP of the young Chinese fir trees to N addition. Accordingly, the amount of needle N partitioning to water-soluble fraction, which is associated with the photosynthetic capacity, also responded to N enrichment with a nonlinear increase. Our study will contribute to a more accurate prediction on the influence of N deposition on C cycles in Chinese fir plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshan Li
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yankuan Zhang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianming Han
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China.
| | - Qingpeng Yang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China.
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Mai-He Li
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519085, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Longchi Chen
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Qingkui Wang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Silong Wang
- Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
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Density Management Is More Cost Effective than Fertilization for Chimonobambusa pachystachys Bamboo-Shoot Yield and Economic Benefits. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stand-density management and fertilization practices are the main two factors affecting bamboo-shoot yield. However, the appropriate density and fertilization rates are still unclear for improving the bamboo-shoot yield and its economic benefits, especially for a high economic value bamboo-shoot forest. To fill this gap, we conducted a two-year split-plot design experiment in a Chimonobambusa pachystachys shoot forest. The main plots were assigned to five density rates, 40,000, 50,000, 60,000, 70,000, and 100,000 culms ha−1, and the subplots were assigned to four fertilization rates (nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium = 23:3:15): 0, 820, 1640, and 2460 kg ha−1 a−1. Results showed that the bamboo-shoot yield increased first and then decreased with stand density, while it increased with fertilization rates. Density management and fertilization regulate bamboo-shoot yield by changing the soil’s Olsen P, available nitrogen, organic matter, and available potassium contents. The maximum bamboo-shoot yield was 9315.92 kg ha−1, which appeared in the density of 60,000 culms ha−1 and the fertilization of 2460 kg ha−1 a−1. However, the maximum bamboo-shoot net profit was 135,242.63 CNY ha−1, which appeared at the density of 60,000 culms ha−1 and the fertilization of 1640 kg ha−1 a−1. The economic-benefit analysis shows that density management achieves a net-profit growth comparable to fertilizer application at a much lower cost. The study results provide a basis for the scientific management of C. pachystachys shoot forests and bamboo farmers to improve their income.
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Liu L, Wang X, Lai Y, He G, Wen S, He H, Li Z, Zhang B, Zhang D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the significant effects of fertilization on the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in Phoebe bournei. Genomics 2022; 114:110375. [PMID: 35490893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant. Its essential oils (Eos) are mainly composed of sesquiterpenes that has potential activities of anti-bacteria and anti-tumors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of compost and compound fertilizer on the total amount and main components of Eos in P. bournei, we also studied the molecular mechanism undergoing this process by deep sequencing the genes involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. Fertilization enhanced the total amount of main components in Eos from both leaves and twigs. Bicyclogermacrene, the primary sesquiterpene in the leaf EO, was significantly increased under compost treatment, while bicyclogermacrene and δ-cadinene (the second most abundant sesquiterpene) were decreased under compound fertilizer treatment. The two fertilizers had no significant effect on the abundance of the primary (+) - δ-cadinene in the twig EO, but had a positive effect on the second most abundant sesquiterpene copaene. Significant differences were observed in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the leaves showing greater number of DEGs as compared to the twigs after compost treatment. Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (TBB) is a key pathway of sesquiterpenes synthesis. The expression of genes regulating several important enzymes in TBB was altered after fertilization. After the compost treatment, the expression of the leaf DXS gene (ACQ66107.1), being closely related to the sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. bournei leaves, was decreased. Compost and compound fertilizer altered the expression of the two important branch-point enzymes (FPPS and GGPPS) genes (ART33314.1 and ATT59265.1), which contributed to the changes of the total amount and components of P. bournei sesquiterpenes. This study provides a new insight into the future use of P. bournei for Eos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yong Lai
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gongxiu He
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Shizhi Wen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanjie He
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenshan Li
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Wu L, Dong Q, Luo S, Li Y, Liu Y, Li J, Zhu Z, He M, Luo Y, Chen Q. An Empirical Study of the Restoration Potential of Urban Deciduous Forest Space to Youth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063453. [PMID: 35329142 PMCID: PMC8952006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban deciduous forests are an important ecological resource and seasonal landscape in the urban environment. However, in the abundant literature on how urban green space promotes human health and well-being, research on urban seasonal deciduous forests is limited. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and psychological recovery potential provided of urban deciduous forest space for youths and the spatial preferences of youths regarding such spaces. We recruited 120 participants to study the restorative potential of two typical urban deciduous forest landscape spaces (experimental groups) and one urban road environment (control group). The results showed that after 15 min of observation, the blood pressure (especially the diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01)) and pulse of the deciduous forest trail setting (DFTS) group effectively decreased, and the restorative mood significantly increased. Regarding change in emotional parameters, the DFTS group scored higher on “interest” and significantly higher than the other two groups on positive emotion. The correlation results show that density and level are the key factors affecting spatial preferences regarding complex deciduous forests. An increase in density reduces the mood of re-laxation, and an increase in level decreases fatigue and interest. We suggest (1) constructing foot-paths in urban deciduous forests to reduce their spatial density as to improve the relaxation effect and (2) increasing landscape diversity according to the forest space to facilitate user participation and interest. This study provides a scientific basis for the environmental restoration of deciduous landscapes and for urban forestry management decision-makers based on space type construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjia Wu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qidi Dong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shixian Luo
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Yanling Li
- School of Literature and Arts, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhixian Zhu
- School of Fine Arts and Design, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China;
| | - Mingliang He
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qibing Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (L.W.); (Q.D.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Huang S, Chen C, Xu M, Wang G, Xu LA, Wu Y. Overexpression of Ginkgo BBX25 enhances salt tolerance in Transgenic Populus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:946-954. [PMID: 34555668 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
B-box (BBX) genes play important roles in plant growth, light morphogenesis, and environmental stress responses. Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is known as a living fossil species that has a strong ability to adapt to environmental changes and tolerate harsh conditions. In this study, we chose this species to investigate the function of the GbBBX25 gene. We isolated the BBX gene from ginkgo and named it GbBBX25; this gene consists of an 819 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes 273 amino acids with two B-box domains but no CCT domain. GbBBX25 was localized in only the nucleus. The expression of GbBBX25 transcripts was observed in the leaves and was significantly enhanced under salt stress conditions. To further verify its function, we overexpressed the GbBBX25 gene in Populus davidiana × Populus bolleana and found that the transgenic Populus had greater soluble sugar levels and higher peroxidase (POD) activity in response to salt stress than nontransgenic (NT) Populus. Five genes related to salt stress were induced in transgenic plants with significantly higher expression levels than those in NT plants. This finding suggests that GbBBX25 improves the salt adaptation abilities of transgenic Populus and provides a scientific basis for related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Caihui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Science, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Mengxuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Guibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Li-An Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; Research Center for Pomology, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No. 1, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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11
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Wu Y, Guo J, Wang T, Cao F, Wang G. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of mutant yellow leaves provide insights into pigment synthesis and metabolism in Ginkgo biloba. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:858. [PMID: 33267778 PMCID: PMC7709416 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is an excellent landscape species. Its yellow-green leaf mutants are ideal materials for research on pigment synthesis, but the regulatory mechanism of leaf coloration in these ginkgo mutants remains unclear. RESULTS We compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of green and mutant yellow leaves of ginkgo over the same period in this study. The results showed that the chlorophyll content of normal green leaves was significantly higher than that of mutant yellow leaves of ginkgo. We obtained 931.52M clean reads from different color leaves of ginkgo. A total of 283 substances in the metabolic profiles were finally detected, including 50 significantly differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). We identified these DEMs and 1361 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 37, 4, 3 and 13 DEGs involved in the photosynthesis, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Moreover, integrative analysis of the metabolomes and transcriptomes revealed that the flavonoid pathway contained the upregulated DEM (-)-epicatechin. Fourteen DEGs from the photosynthesis pathway were positively or negatively correlated with the DEMs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a complex metabolic network in mutant yellow leaves. This study will provide a basis for studies of leaf color variation and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Research Center for Pomology, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qian Hu Hou Cun No.1, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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12
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Guo Y, Wang T, Fu FF, El-Kassaby YA, Wang G. Temporospatial Flavonoids Metabolism Variation in Ginkgo biloba Leaves. Front Genet 2020; 11:589326. [PMID: 33329734 PMCID: PMC7728922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.589326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a high-value medicinal tree species characterized by its flavonoids beneficial effects that are abundant in leaves. We performed a temporospatial comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome dynamics analyses of clonally propagated Ginkgo plants at four developmental stages (time: May to August) across three different environments (space) to unravel leaves flavonoids biosynthesis variation. Principal component analysis revealed clear gene expression separation across samples from different environments and leaf-developmental stages. We found that flavonoid-related metabolism was more active in the early stage of leaf development, and the content of total flavonoid glycosides and the expression of some genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway peaked in May. We also constructed a co-expression regulation network and identified eight GbMYBs and combining with other TF genes (3 GbERFs, 1 GbbHLH, and 1 GbTrihelix) positively regulated the expression of multiple structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We found that part of these GbTFs (Gb_11316, Gb_32143, and Gb_00128) expressions was negatively correlated with mean minimum temperature and mean relative humidity, while positively correlated with sunshine duration. This study increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flavonoids biosynthesis in Ginkgo leaves and provided insight into the proper production and management of Ginkgo commercial plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fang-Fang Fu
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Kovalenko IM, Klymenko GO, Melnik TI, Yaroshchuk RA, Zherdetska SV, Su Y, Lykholat OA. Morphogenesis and vitality of seedlings of Ginkgo biloba in outdoor conditions. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is a relic tree that is preserved in natural conditions only in China. In the North-East Ukraine ginkgo is only in the process of introduction, but in certain places ginkgo trees are grown for decorative purposes which show high vitality. Therefore a relevant and promising task is the creation of industrial plantations of ginkgo for collection of its leaves. The objective of the study was morphological peculiarities of ginkgo plants and their vital condition depending on the calendar age of the seedlings at the stage when they were transplanted into the soil. For growing ginkgo, in our studies, a combined two-stage system was approbated, according to which seedlings were grown in greenhouses during 2–3 years, and then moved into soil outdoors. In our study, as planting material we used seedlings of ginkgo from a plant nursery (greenhouse) of Sumy National Agrarian University planted in 2014 and 2015. Seedlings were planted in the soil in early spring. Seedlings for growth completion were planted in rows with inter-row distance of 0.8 m and distance between the plants measuring 2.5–3.0 m. We studied the condition of the seedlings in two variants: variant 1 – three-year old seedlings obtained in the greenhouse were transplanted in spring 2018; variant 2 – two-year old seedlings obtained in greenhouse were transplanted in spring 2017. Comparative morphometric analysis and evaluation of vitality of these plants was performed in August 2019. Both groups of seedlings were five years old at the time of survey. For evaluation of morphometric structure of the ginkgo seedlings and their vital condition we used randomized selections of specimens in amount of up to 30 from plantations of variants 1 and 2. Analysis of the plants was conducted during the end of the vegetative period of 2019, when active growth of the plants stopped. Four main parameters of the plants were recorded: height, value of annual increment, diameter of the stem near the root neck and the number of leaves. Vital condition of the seedlings was evaluated on the basis of algorithm of vital analysis. Vitality of each seedling was evaluated by the coefficient of Q vitality, value of which was in interval from 0 to 1.0. Depending on the value of Q the seedlings were divided into five classes of vitality: 0–0.2 – cc (specimens of the lowest vitality), 0.2–0.4 – c (low vitality), 0.4–0.6 – b (average vitality), 0.6–0.8 – a (high vitality), 0.8–1.0 – aa (specimens with highest vitality). Comparative analysis of morphological peculiarities of the ginkgo seedlings revealed that two-year plants transplanted outdoors from the greenhouse had higher annual increment of the main stem, diameter of stem and number of leaves. Vital condition of such seedlings was the highest and was evaluated using Q index, which ranges between vitality of classes b to aa. This allows recommending a two-stage scheme of growing seedlings of ginkgo in North-East Ukraine. The optimum age for transplanting seedlings from greenhouses to open soil is two years.
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14
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Wu Y, Guo J, Wang T, Cao F, Wang G. Transcriptional profiling of long noncoding RNAs associated with leaf-color mutation in Ginkgo biloba L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:527. [PMID: 31783794 PMCID: PMC6884798 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in diverse biological processes and have been widely studied in recent years. However, the roles of lncRNAs in leaf pigment formation in ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) remain poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, lncRNA libraries for mutant yellow-leaf and normal green-leaf ginkgo trees were constructed via high-throughput sequencing. A total of 2044 lncRNAs were obtained with an average length of 702 nt and typically harbored 2 exons. We identified 238 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), 32 DELs and 49 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) that constituted coexpression networks. We also found that 48 cis-acting DELs regulated 72 target genes, and 31 trans-acting DELs regulated 31 different target genes, which provides a new perspective for the regulation of the leaf-color mutation. Due to the crucial regulatory roles of lncRNAs in a wide range of biological processes, we conducted in-depth studies on the DELs and their targets and found that the chloroplast thylakoid membrane subcategory and the photosynthesis pathways (ko00195) were most enriched, suggesting their potential roles in leaf coloration mechanisms. In addition, our correlation analysis indicates that eight DELs and 68 transcription factors (TFs) might be involved in interaction networks. CONCLUSIONS This study has enriched the knowledge concerning lncRNAs and provides new insights into the function of lncRNAs in leaf-color mutations, which will benefit future selective breeding of ginkgo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jing Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037 China
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15
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Van Do T, Thang NT, Lam VT, Van Thuyet D, Trung PD, Quy TH, Phuong NTT, Huyen LTT, Thinh NH, Van Tuan N, Duc DT, Ha DTH, Trung DQ, Luong HT, Anh NTH, Nykiel P. Monitoring fine root growth to identify optimal fertilization timing in a forest plantation: A case study in Northeast Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225567. [PMID: 31765411 PMCID: PMC6876795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilizer is applied widely to improve the productivity of plantations. Traditionally, fertilization is conducted in spring and/or in the early rainy season, and it is believed to support the growth of planted trees in the growing season. Little attention to date has been paid on identification of the optimal timing of fertilization and fertilizer dose. In this study, application of the fine root monitoring technique in identifying optimal fertilization timing for an Acacia plantation in Vietnam is described. The study used two fertilizer doses (100 and 200 g NPK/tree) and three fertilization timings (in spring; in the early rainy season; and based on the fine root monitoring technique to identify when the fine roots reach their growth peak). As expected fertilization timings significantly affected growth and above-ground biomass (AGB) of the plantation. Fertilization based on the fine root monitoring technique resulted in the highest growths and AGB, followed by fertilization in the early rainy season and then in spring. Applying fertilizer at 200 g NPK/tree based on the fine root monitoring technique increased diameter at breast height (DBH) by 16%, stem height by 8%, crown diameter (Dc) by 16%, and AGB by 40% as compared to early rainy season fertilization. Increases of 32% DBH, 23% stem height, 44% Dc, and 87% AGB were found in fertilization based on fine root monitoring technique compared to spring fertilization. This study concluded that forest growers should use the fine root monitoring technique to identify optimal fertilization timing for higher productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Do
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
- * E-mail:
| | - Nguyen Toan Thang
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Tien Lam
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Van Thuyet
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phung Dinh Trung
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hoang Quy
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ly Thi Thanh Huyen
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Thinh
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Tuan
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dao Trung Duc
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Hai Ha
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duong Quang Trung
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ho Trung Luong
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoai Anh
- Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Patrick Nykiel
- Independent Australian Researcher, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
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16
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Guo J, Wang G, Wu Y, Shi Y, Feng Y, Cao F. Ginkgo agroforestry practices alter the fungal community structures at different soil depths in Eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:21253-21263. [PMID: 31119541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry practices aim to achieve environmentally friendly land use. Fungi play a primarily role in soil organic carbon and nutrient maintenance, while the response of the soil fungi community to land use changes is little explored. Here, a high-throughput sequencing method was applied to understand the fungal community structure distinction in ginkgo agroforestry systems and adjacent croplands and nurseries. Our results showed that the agroforestry systems achieved better soil fertility and carbon contents. The agroforestry practices significantly altered the composition of soil fungal communities comparing with pure gingko plantation, adjacent cropland, and nursery. The dominant fungal phyla were always Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The relative abundance of Ascomycota was correlated with the TN and AP, while the abundance of Basidiomycota was negatively correlated with the TN and NN. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen explained 59.80% and 63.36% of the total variance in the fungal community composition in the topsoil and subsoil, and the available phosphorus also played a key role in the topsoil. Considering soil fertility maintenance and fungal community survival and stability, the agroforestry systems achieved better results, and the ginkgo and wheat system was the best among the five planting systems we studied. In the ginkgo and wheat system, applying readily available mineral nitrogen fertilizer either alone or in combination with organic amendments will improve the soil quality and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuanbao Shi
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
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17
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Impacts of a High Nitrogen Load on Foliar Nutrient Status, N Metabolism, and Photosynthetic Capacity in a Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Plantation. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9080483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
At present, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has dramatically increased worldwide and has shown negative impacts on temperate/boreal forest ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how an elevated N load affects plant growth in the relatively N-rich subtropical forests of Southern China. To address this question, a study was conducted in a six-year-old Cupressus lusitanica Mill. plantation at the Scientific Research and Teaching Base of Nanjing Forestry University, with N addition levels of N0 (0 kg ha−1 year−1), N1 (24 kg ha−1 year−1), N2 (48 kg ha−1 year−1), N3 (72 kg ha−1 year−1), N4 (96 kg ha−1 year−1), and N5 (120 kg ha−1 year−1). Leaf physiological traits associated with foliar nutrient status, photosynthetic capacity, pigment, and N metabolites were measured. The results showed that (1) N addition led to significant effects on foliar N, but had no marked effects on K concentration. Furthermore, remarkable increases of leaf physiological traits including foliar P, Ca, Mg, and Mn concentration; photosynthetic capacity; pigment; and N metabolites were always observed under low and middle-N supply. (2) High N supply notably decreased foliar P, Ca, and Mg concentration, but increased foliar Mn content. Regarding the chlorophyll, photosynthetic capacity, and N metabolites, marked declines were also observed under high N inputs. (3) Redundancy analysis showed that the net photosynthesis rate was positively correlated with foliar N, P, Ca, Mg, and Mn concentration; the Mn/Mg ratio; and concentrations of chlorophyll and N metabolites, while the net photosynthesis rate was negatively correlated with foliar K concentration and N/P ratios. These findings suggest that excess N inputs can promote nutrient imbalances and inhibit the photosynthetic capacity of Cupressus lusitanica Mill., indicating that high N deposition could threaten plant growth in tropical forests in the future. Meanwhile, further study is merited to track the effects of high N deposition on the relationship between foliar Mn accumulation and photosynthesis in Cupressus lusitanica Mill.
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