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Lázaro-González A, Andivia E, Hampe A, Hasegawa S, Marzano R, Santos AMC, Castro J, Leverkus AB. Revegetation through seeding or planting: A worldwide systematic map. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117713. [PMID: 36958277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Roughly 2 billion ha of land are degraded and in need of ecological restoration worldwide. Active restoration frequently involves revegetation, which leads to the dilemma of whether to conduct direct seeding or to plant nursery-grown seedlings. The choice of revegetation method can regulate plant survival and performance, with economic implications that ultimately feed back to our capacity to conduct restoration. We followed a peer-reviewed protocol to develop a systematic map that collates, describes and catalogues the available studies on how seeding compares to planting in achieving restoration targets. We compiled a database with the characteristics of all retrieved studies, which can be searched to identify studies of particular locations and habitats, objectives of restoration, plant material, technical aspects, and outcomes measured. The search was made in eight languages and retrieved 3355 publications, of which 178 were retained. The systematic map identifies research gaps, such as a lack of studies in the global South, in tropical rainforests, and covering a long time period, which represent opportunities to expand field-based research. Additionally, many studies overlooked reporting on important technical aspects such as seed provenance and nursery cultivation methods, and others such as watering or seedling protection were more frequently applied for planting than for seeding, which limits our capacity to learn from past research. Most studies measured outcomes related to the target plants but avoided measuring general restoration outcomes or economic aspects. This represents a relevant gap in research, as the choice of revegetation method is greatly based on economic aspects and the achievement of restoration goals goes beyond the establishment of plants. Finally, we identified a substantial volume of studies conducted in temperate regions and over short periods (0-5 y). This research cluster calls for a future in-depth synthesis, potentially through meta-analysis, to reveal the overall balance between seeding and planting and assess whether the response to this question is mediated by species traits, environmental characteristics, or technical aspects. Besides identifying research clusters and gaps, the systematic map database allows managers to find the most relevant scientific literature on the appropriateness of seeding vs. planting for particular conditions, such as certain species or habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Lázaro-González
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France.
| | - Enrique Andivia
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - Arndt Hampe
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France
| | - Shun Hasegawa
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raffaella Marzano
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, IT, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Ana M C Santos
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Castro
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alexandro B Leverkus
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación Del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (IISTA), University of Granada, 18006, Granada, Spain
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Prats SA, Sierra-Abraín P, Moraña-Fontán A, Zas R. Effectiveness of community-based initiatives for mitigation of land degradation after wildfires. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152232. [PMID: 34896132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Local communities, informed about the main post-fire environmental threats, applied land restoration techniques after the 2017 Ponte Caldelas wildfire (Galicia, Spain). Volunteers crews, supervised by local researchers/technicians identified high-severity burned areas and applied: post-fire mulch by using corn mulch (chopped corn at a rate of 4 Mg ha-1), corn strip mulch (chopped corn on 1-m wide contourline-strips at the bottom of plots, at 1 Mg ha-1) and wheat mulch (wheat straw, at 2 Mg ha-1), as well as acorn seeding with native oak (Quercus robur) acorns. Furthermore, the mulch effect on seed germination/root elongation was tested in the laboratory using direct topsoil samples and <0.45 microns-filtered soil solutions. Soil erosion during the first post-fire year was 27-11 Mg ha-1 for the Parada-Laforet sites, respectively. Corn, corn strip, and wheat mulching were very effective at reducing soil erosion, leading to 95, 76% and 93% less erosion than in untreated plots. During post-fire year 2 mulching was still effective at reducing soil erosion in the case of corn (87%) and corn strip mulch (73%), but less effective with straw mulch (36%). For the third year no differences were observed. Acorn seedling establishment failed in 96% of the cases. Still, survival rate of the germinated acorns was significantly higher on the mulched (50%) than on the untreated spots (26%; p<0.05). The laboratory experiments also showed higher germination rates, shoot length and biomass in mulched than untreated soils. The results demonstrated that the mulching measures applied by the local volunteers were effective for preventing soil erosion after forest fires. The success of ecosystem restoration with acorn seeding was low due to the low germination and the high predation by rodents, and further research is needed to scale acorn seeding to natural recruitment rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Prats
- Universidade of Évora - MED Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006 Évora, Portugal; Universidade de Aveiro-CESAM, Dept. Environment and Planning, 3810 Aveiro, Portugal; A Rente do Chan Environmental Association. Ponte Caldelas, Spain.
| | - P Sierra-Abraín
- A Rente do Chan Environmental Association. Ponte Caldelas, Spain
| | - A Moraña-Fontán
- A Rente do Chan Environmental Association. Ponte Caldelas, Spain
| | - R Zas
- A Rente do Chan Environmental Association. Ponte Caldelas, Spain; Misión Biológica de Galicia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC), 36143 Salcedo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Moore EL, Scott MA, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Vulcan J, Cordova JJ, Chung HN, Linhares Lino de Souza D, Gonzales KK, Hansen IA. An online survey of personal mosquito-repellent strategies. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5151. [PMID: 30002979 PMCID: PMC6034598 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito repellents can be an effective method for personal protection against mosquito bites that are a nuisance and carry the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens like plasmodia, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, and Zika virus. A multitude of commercially available products are currently on the market, some of them highly effective while others have low or no efficacy. Many home remedies of unknown efficacy are also widely used. Methods We conducted a survey study to determine what kind of mosquito repellents and other mosquito control strategies people use. Our online survey was focused on unconventional methods and was answered by 5,209 participants. Results The majority of participants resided in the United States, were female (67%), had higher education (81% had a university degree), and were 18 to 37 years old (50%). The most commonly used repellent was DEET spray (48%), followed closely by citronella candles (43%) and ‘natural’ repellent sprays (36%). We collected a plethora of home remedies and other strategies people use that warrant further research into their effectiveness. Discussion Our study lays the foundation for future research in alternative, unconventional methods to repel mosquitoes that may be culturally acceptable and accessible for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lucille Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Mary Alice Scott
- Department of Anthropology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Stacy Deadra Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Julia Vulcan
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Joel Javierla Cordova
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Hae-Na Chung
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | | | - Kristina Kay Gonzales
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
| | - Immo Alex Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America.,Institute for Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
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