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Moreira MJ, Pintado M, Almeida JMMMD. Are Aptamer-Based Biosensors the Future of the Detection of the Human Gut Microbiome?-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:423. [PMID: 39329798 PMCID: PMC11430143 DOI: 10.3390/bios14090423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is shaped early in life by dietary and lifestyle factors. Specific compounds in the gut affect the growth of different bacterial species and the production of beneficial or harmful byproducts. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked to various diseases resulting from the presence of harmful bacteria and their byproducts. Existing methods for detecting microbial species, such as microscopic observation and molecular biological techniques, are costly, labor-intensive, and require skilled personnel. Biosensors, which integrate a recognition element, transducer, amplifier, signal processor, and display unit, can convert biological events into electronic signals. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic survey of scientific publications from 2018 to June 2024, obtained from ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The aim was to evaluate the current state-of-the-art and identify knowledge gaps in the application of aptamer biosensors for the determination of gut microbiota. A total of 13 eligible publications were categorized based on the type of study: those using microbial bioreceptors (category 1) and those using aptamer bioreceptors (category 2) for the determination of gut microbiota. Point-of-care biosensors are being developed to monitor changes in metabolites that may lead to disease. They are well-suited for use in the healthcare system and offer an excellent alternative to traditional methods. Aptamers are gaining attention due to their stability, specificity, scalability, reproducibility, low production cost, and low immunogenicity. While there is limited research on using aptamers to detect human gut microbiota, they show promise for providing accurate, robust, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for monitoring the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Moreira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - José M M M De Almeida
- INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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2
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Sun Y, Yan Y, Yan S, Li F, Li Y, Yan L, Yang D, Peng Z, Yang B, Sun J, Xu J, Dong Y, Bai Y. Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and genomic analysis of Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seafood and freshwater products in China. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381457. [PMID: 39050630 PMCID: PMC11266014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study characterized Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from seafood and freshwater products in China (2020). Methods and Results In total, 122 (95.31%) V. alginolyticus isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic category, and 2 (1.56%) isolates were resistant to at least 3 antibiotic categories and belong to multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates. A high prevalence rate was observed to be blaCARB (98.04%) encoding beta-lactam resistance, followed by tet (97.06%) encoding tetracycline resistance and fos (4.90%) encoding resistance to fosfomycin. Among the 57 V. alginolyticus isolates, the commonest virulence genes were type III secretion system translocated gene vopD, vopB, and vcrH (54.4%, 31/57), type III secretion system regulated gene tyeA (54.39%), followed by vscI and vscF (50.88%) encoded type III secretion system inner rod protein and needle protein, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed considerable genetic diversity, with 34 distinct sequence types (STs) identified among 55 isolates. ST421 (n = 5), ST166 (n = 4), ST523 (n = 3), ST516 (n = 3), and ST507 (n = 3) were dominant STs among 55 V. alginolyticus isolates. Discussion These findings highlight the widespread occurrence of V. alginolyticus in both freshwater and seafood products, underscoring the critical need for vigilant monitoring of these bacteria. Such measures are essential for ensuring effective food safety management and safeguarding public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shaofei Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Dajin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zixin Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Bai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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Gao A, Fischer-Jenssen J, Slavic D, Rutherford K, Lippert S, Wilson E, Chen S, Leon-Velarde CG, Martos P. Rapid identification of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium using whole cell matrix assisted laser desorption ionization - Time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) coupled with multivariate analysis and artificial intelligence. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 213:106827. [PMID: 37748653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common food-borne pathogen with Enteritidis and Typhimurium being among the most important serovars causing numerous outbreaks. A rapid method was investigated to identify these serovars using whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS coupled with multivariate analysis and artificial intelligence and 113 Salmonella strains, including 38 Enteritidis (SE), 38 Typhimurium (ST) and 37 strains from 32 other Salmonella serovars (SG). Datasets of ions (presence/absence) with high discriminative power were created using newly developed criteria and subject to multivariate analyses and eight artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Principal Component Analysis based on 55 or 88 selected ions separated SE, ST and SG without overlap on the first three principal components. Datasets were partitioned using five partitioning methods with 70% of samples for AI model training and 30% for validation. Of the eight AI models evaluated, high performance (HP) SVM and HP Neural were the top performers, identified three serovar groups 97% correctly on average (range 82%-100%) according to the validation results. Selection of serovar specific ions facilitated differentiation of serotypes using unsupervised model PCA and improved the accuracy of classification using AI significantly (p < 0.01). MALDI-TOF MS incorporated with advanced data processing and classification tools is a promising method to allow rapid identification of Salmonella serovars of concern in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Gao
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Fischer-Jenssen
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kimani Rutherford
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Lippert
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Wilson
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Carlos G Leon-Velarde
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Perry Martos
- Agriculture and Food Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Jin L, Yang J, You G, Ge C, Cao Y, Shen S, Wang D, Hui Q. A characteristic bacterial SERS marker for direct identification of Salmonella in real samples assisted by a high-performance SERS chip and a selective culture medium. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122941. [PMID: 37302194 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella should be absent in pharmaceutical preparations and foods according to the regulations. However, up to now, rapid and convenient identification of Salmonella is still full of challenge. Herein, we reported a label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for direct identification of Salmonella spiked in drug samples based on a characteristic bacterial SERS marker assisted by a high-performance SERS chip and a selective culture medium. The SERS chip being fabricated through in situ growth of bimetallic Au-Ag nanocomposites on silicon wafer within 2 h, featured a high SERS activity (EF > 107), good uniformity and batch-to-batch consistency (RSD < 10 %), and satisfactory chemical stability. The directly-visualized SERS marker at 1222 cm-1 originated from bacterial metabolite hypoxanthine was robust and exclusive for discrimination of Salmonella with other bacterial species. Moreover, the method was successfully used for direct discrimination of Salmonella in mixed pathogens by using a selective culture medium, and could identify Salmonella contaminant at ∼1 CFU spiked level in a real sample (Wenxin granule, a botanical drug) after 12 h of enrichment. The combined results showed that developed SERS method is practical and reliable, and could be a promising alternative for rapid identification of Salmonella contamination in pharmaceutical and foods industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jinmei Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Guohui You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaojie Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanrong Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Danyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qi Hui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Mao X, Ye R. One-Pot Synthesis of Enzyme and Antibody/CaHPO 4 Nanoflowers for Magnetic Chemiluminescence Immunoassay of Salmonella enteritidis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2779. [PMID: 36904982 PMCID: PMC10006971 DOI: 10.3390/s23052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, through a bioinspired strategy, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and antibody (Ab) were co-embedded into CaHPO4 to prepare HRP-Ab-CaHPO4 (HAC) bifunctional hybrid nanoflowers by one-pot mild coprecipitation. The as-prepared HAC hybrid nanoflowers then were utilized as the signal tag in a magnetic chemiluminescence immunoassay for application in the detection of Salmonella enteritidis (S. enteritidis). The proposed method exhibited excellent detection performance in the linear range of 10-105 CFU/mL, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 10 CFU/mL. This study indicates great potential in the sensitive detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in milk with this new magnetic chemiluminescence biosensing platform.
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A Specific and Sensitive Aptamer-Based Digital PCR Chip for Salmonella typhimurium Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070458. [PMID: 35884261 PMCID: PMC9313467 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Food poisoning and infectious diseases caused by Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) are serious public health concerns for human health and food safety. The diversity and complexity of food matrices pose great challenges for rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of S. typhimurium in food samples. A method capable of identification, detection, and quantification of S. typhimurium is essential for addressing these issues. In this study, aptamer-coated magnetic beads (Apt-MBs) are employed as capture bio-probes to specifically and selectively concentrate S. typhimurium in food samples. A self-priming chip-based digital PCR was then presented as another biosensor for on-site detection and quantification of S. typhimurium cells. The chip we developed was robust and did not require any external power for sample loading. The combination of Apt-MBs with an on-chip digital detection realized the integration into lab-on-a-chip-based biosensors for on-site monitoring of foodborne pathogens. It was possible to capture and detect S. typhimurium cells as low as 90 CFU/reaction with a capture efficiency of 94.5%. Additionally, the whole process only took about 2 h. This unique platform could also be used to monitor other target bacteria with high specificity and sensitivity by utilizing different aptamers. Furthermore, the platform has potential applications in point-of-care testing in the future.
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7
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Wang L, Lin H, Zhang J, Wang J. Phage long tail fiber protein-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of Salmonella. Talanta 2022; 248:123627. [PMID: 35661002 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop fast and sensitive detection methods for foodborne pathogens. But the conventional culture method that typically requires 2-3 days is not ideal for the rapid analysis. Food samples demonstrate a great challenge for direct detection due to the complex matrix. Hence, we present a new method based on the phage long-tail-fiber proteins (LTF4-a) immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for specific separation and concentration of Salmonella. The LTF4-a-MNP was prepared via the coupling of recombinant LTF4-a with MNPs and used to isolate and enrich Salmonella cells from contaminated food samples. The captured material was further integrated with the direct PCR program for accurate detection of Salmonella. Our study successfully established a new method for detecting contaminated food samples of Salmonella, the overall approach took no more than 3 h, which allowed a detection limit of 7 CFU/mL, demonstrating a promising alternative to the immunomagnetic separation method by replacing antibodies or aptamers, that is compatible with downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luokai Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China
| | - Jingxue Wang
- Food Safety Laboratory, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, PR China.
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8
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Kim E, Yang SM, Kim HJ, Kim HY. Differentiating between Enterococcusfaecium and Enterococcuslactis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:1046. [PMID: 35407133 PMCID: PMC8997568 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike Enterococcus faecium strains, some Enterococcus lactis strains are considered potential probiotic strains as they lack particular virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. However, these closely related species are difficult to distinguish via conventional taxonomic methods. Here, for the first time, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) with BioTyper and in-house databases to distinguish between E. faecium and E. lactis. A total of 58 reference and isolated strains (89.2%) were correctly identified at the species level using MALDI-TOF MS with in-house databases. However, seven strains (10.8%) were not accurately differentiated as a single colony was identified as a different species with a similar score value. Specific mass peaks were identified by analyzing reference strains, and mass peaks at 10,122 ± 2 m/z, 3650 ± 1 m/z, and 7306 ± 1 m/z were unique to E. faecium and E. lactis reference strains, respectively. Mass peaks verified reproducibility in 60 isolates and showed 100% specificity, whereas 16S rRNA sequencing identified two different candidates for some isolates (E. faecium and E. lactis). Our specific mass peak method helped to differentiate two species, with high accuracy and high throughput, and provided a viable alternative to 16S rRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiseul Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences & Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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9
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Jin L, Wang S, Shao Q, Cheng Y. A rapid and facile analytical approach to detecting Salmonella Enteritidis with aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120625. [PMID: 34840047 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella should be absence in pharmaceutical preparations and foods according to regulations in many countries. Up to now, rapidly detecting Salmonella at 1 CFU·[10 g (mL) ]-1 in pharmaceutical preparation or 1 CFU·[25 g (mL) ]-1 in food samples is still a challenge. Herein, we present an aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for rapidly detecting Salmonella Enteritidis by using a handheld Raman instrument. The aptamer could specifically recognize S. Enteritidis, and 4-MBA self-assembled on the surface of Au@Ag NPs was used as a Raman reporter molecule. The method was validated to be high specific with no interference from other five pathogenic bacteria. It could identify S. Enteritidis contaminant at ∼ 1 CFU·(10 g)-1 spiked level in a real sample (Wenxin granule, a botanical drug) after 6 h of enrichment. The detection time was much shorter than that of the methods (more than 54 ∼ 96 h) in the standards of pharmaceutical preparations and foods. In addition, the method could quantitatively determinate S. Enteritidis with satisfactory results. The SERS peak intensities of 4-MBA at 1072 cm-1 showed a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.9873) with the logarithms of S. Enteritidis concentrations ranging from 4.17 × 102 to 1.39 × 107 CFU·mL-1. T-test result (P = 0.425) revealed that there was no significant difference between the determination results obtained by the SERS method and the plate counting method. Therefore, the study indicated that the method was practical and reliable, and it could be a promising alternative for the on-site detection of S. Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Qing Shao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yiyu Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Phillips SMB, Bergstrom C, Walker B, Wang G, Alfaro T, Stromberg ZR, Hess BM. Engineered Cell Line Imaging Assay Differentiates Pathogenic from Non-Pathogenic Bacteria. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020209. [PMID: 35215152 PMCID: PMC8874627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture systems have greatly expanded our understanding of how bacterial pathogens target signaling pathways to manipulate the host and cause infection. Advances in genetic engineering have allowed for the creation of fluorescent protein readouts within signaling pathways, but these techniques have been underutilized in pathogen biology. Here, we genetically engineered a lung cell line with fluorescent reporters for extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and the downstream transcription factor FOS-related antigen 1 (Fra1) and evaluated signaling after inoculation with pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Cells were inoculated with 100 colony-forming units of Acinetobacter baylyi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Staphylococcus epidermidis and imaged in a multi-mode reader. The alamarBlue cell viability assay was used as a reference test and showed that pathogenic P. aeruginosa induced significant (p < 0.05) cell death after 8 h in both wild-type and engineered cell lines compared to non-pathogenic S. epidermidis. In engineered cells, we found that Fra1 signaling was disrupted in as little as 4 h after inoculation with bacterial pathogens compared to delayed disruption in signaling by non-pathogenic S. epidermidis. Overall, we demonstrate that low levels of pathogenic versus non-pathogenic bacteria can be rapidly and sensitively screened based on ERK-Fra1 signaling.
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Ko YJ, Lee OJ, Lee SB, Kim CM, Lee J, Kook JK, Park SN, Shin JH, Kim SH, Won EJ, Park G, Kang SH, Jang SJ. Accuracy of ASTA MicroIDSys, a New Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry System, for the Identification of Korean Reference and Clinical Bacterial and Yeast Strains. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 103:115658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Advancement in Salmonella Detection Methods: From Conventional to Electrochemical-Based Sensing Detection. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090346. [PMID: 34562936 PMCID: PMC8468554 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale food-borne outbreaks caused by Salmonella are rarely seen nowadays, thanks to the advanced nature of the medical system. However, small, localised outbreaks in certain regions still exist and could possess a huge threat to the public health if eradication measure is not initiated. This review discusses the progress of Salmonella detection approaches covering their basic principles, characteristics, applications, and performances. Conventional Salmonella detection is usually performed using a culture-based method, which is time-consuming, labour intensive, and unsuitable for on-site testing and high-throughput analysis. To date, there are many detection methods with a unique detection system available for Salmonella detection utilising immunological-based techniques, molecular-based techniques, mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, optical phenotyping, and biosensor methods. The electrochemical biosensor has growing interest in Salmonella detection mainly due to its excellent sensitivity, rapidity, and portability. The use of a highly specific bioreceptor, such as aptamers, and the application of nanomaterials are contributing factors to these excellent characteristics. Furthermore, insight on the types of biorecognition elements, the principles of electrochemical transduction elements, and the miniaturisation potential of electrochemical biosensors are discussed.
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Wang J, Ma S, Li W, Wang X, Huang D, Jiang L, Feng L. Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Induces Host Metabolic Reprogramming to Increase Glucose Availability for Intracellular Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810003. [PMID: 34576166 PMCID: PMC8467381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is a human-limited intracellular pathogen and the cause of typhoid fever, a severe systemic disease. Pathogen–host interaction at the metabolic level affects the pathogenicity of intracellular pathogens, but it remains unclear how S. Typhi infection influences host metabolism for its own benefit. Herein, using metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, combined with in vitro and in vivo infection assays, we investigated metabolic responses in human macrophages during S. Typhi infection, and the impact of these responses on S. Typhi intracellular replication and systemic pathogenicity. We observed increased glucose content, higher rates of glucose uptake and glycolysis, and decreased oxidative phosphorylation in S. Typhi-infected human primary macrophages. Replication in human macrophages and the bacterial burden in systemic organs of humanized mice were reduced by either the inhibition of host glucose uptake or a mutation of the bacterial glucose uptake system, indicating that S. Typhi utilizes host-derived glucose to enhance intracellular replication and virulence. Thus, S. Typhi promotes its pathogenicity by inducing metabolic changes in host macrophages and utilizing the glucose that subsequently accumulates as a nutrient for intracellular replication. Our findings provide the first metabolic signature of S. Typhi-infected host cells and identifies a new strategy utilized by S. Typhi for intracellular replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wanwu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Di Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingyan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (L.F.)
| | - Lu Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.W.); (S.M.); (W.L.); (X.W.); (D.H.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (L.F.)
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