Probiotic Properties and Proteomic Analysis of Pediococcus pentosaceus 1101

Evaluating the Probiotic Profile, Antioxidant Properties, and Safety of Indigenous Lactobacillus spp. Inhabiting Fermented Green Tender Coconut Water

This study isolated and characterized four indigenous lactic acid bacterial strains from naturally fermented green tender coconut water: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CWJ3, Lacticaseibacillus casei CWM15, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CWKu14, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CWKu-12. Notably, among the isolates, Lact. plantarum CWJ3 showed exceptional acid tolerance, with the highest survival rate of 37.34% at pH 2.0 after 1 h, indicating its higher resistance against acidic gastric conditions. However, all strains exhibited robust resistance to bile salts, phenols, and NaCl, with survival rates exceeding 80% at given concentrations. Their optimal growth at 37 °C and survival at 20 °C and 45 °C underscored adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Additionally, all strains showed sustainable survival rates in artificial saliva and simulated gastrointestinal juices, with Lact. plantarum CWJ3 exhibiting significantly higher survival rate (70.66%) in simulated gastric juice compared to other strains. Adherence properties were particularly noteworthy, especially in Lact. rhamnosus CWKu-12, which demonstrated the highest hydrophobicity, coaggregation with pathogens and autoaggregation, among the strains. The production of exopolysaccharides, particularly by Lact. plantarum CWJ3, enhanced their potential for gut colonization and biofilm formation. Various in vitro antioxidative assays using spectrophotometric methods revealed the significant activity of Lact. plantarum CWJ3, while antimicrobial testing highlighted its efficacy against selected foodborne pathogens. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of biogenic amine production, hemolytic, DNase, and gelatinase activities, as well as the ability to hydrolase the bile salt. Furthermore, these non-dairy probiotics exhibited characteristics comparable to dairy derived probiotics, demonstrating their potential suitability in developing novel probiotic-rich foods and functional products.

The Role of Proteomics in Identification of Key Proteins of Bacterial Cells with Focus on Probiotic Bacteria

Probiotics can affect human health, keep the balance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, and their colonizing abilities enable the enhancement of the epithelial barrier, preventing the invasion of pathogens. Health benefits of probiotics were related to allergy, depression, eczema, cancer, obesity, inflammatory diseases, viral infections, and immune regulation. Probiotic bacterial cells contain various proteins that function as effector molecules, and explaining their roles in probiotic actions is a key to developing efficient and targeted treatments for various disorders. Systematic proteomic studies of probiotic proteins (probioproteomics) can provide information about the type of proteins involved, their expression levels, and the pathological changes. Advanced proteomic methods with mass spectrometry instrumentation and bioinformatics can point out potential candidates of next-generation probiotics that are regulated under pharmaceutical frameworks. In addition, the application of proteomics with other omics methods creates a powerful tool that can expand our understanding about diverse probiotic functionality. In this review, proteomic strategies for identification/quantitation of the proteins in probiotic bacteria were overviewed. The types of probiotic proteins investigated by proteomics were described, such as intracellular proteins, surface proteins, secreted proteins, and the proteins of extracellular vesicles. Examples of pathological conditions in which probiotic bacteria played crucial roles were discussed.

Pediococcus pentosaceus PP34 Ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Restoring the Gut Microbiota

Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) slows down the progress of cancer treatment and causes significant suffering to patients. Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), as a type of LAB, has a range of probiotic properties, including antioxidant, immune benefits, and cholesterol-lowering effects, which are attracting increasing attention. However, studies on the protective effect of P. pentosaceus against chemotherapeutic-induced intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential relieving effects of P. pentosaceus PP34 on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis and its mechanism. In the present study, a P. pentosaceus PP34 solution (2 × 109 CFU/mL) was administered daily by gavage followed by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU to model intestinal mucositis. The body weight, serum biochemical indices, jejunal pathological organization, and expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the jejunum were examined. The results indicated that the mice induced with 5-FU developed typical intestinal mucositis symptoms and histopathological changes with intense inflammatory and oxidative responses. Moreover, the gut microbiota was disturbed, while PP34 effectively decreased the oxidative reactions and the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and regulated the gut microbiota in 5-FU-exposed mice. Taken together, the study indicated that P. pentosaceus PP34 ameliorates 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring the gut microbiota.

Cereus jamacaru DC. (mandacaru) fruit as a source of lactic acid bacteria with in vitro probiotic-related characteristics and its protective effects on Pediococcus pentosaceus during lyophilization and refrigeration storage

This study isolated and identified autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from mandacaru fruit and evaluated their potential probiotic and technological aptitudes in vitro, as well as the protective effects of freeze-dried mandacaru fruit on the most promising LAB isolate during lyophilization and refrigeration storage. Initially, 212 colonies were isolated from mandacaru fruit, and 34 were preliminarily identified as LAB. Thirteen isolates identified by 16S-rRNA sequencing as Pediococcus pentosaceus were negative for DNase, gelatinase, hemolytic, and biogenic amine production. The selected isolates showed proteolytic activity, diacetyl and exopolysaccharide production, and good tolerance to different NaCl concentrations while having low cellular hydrophobicity and antagonistic activity against pathogens. The survival of isolates sharply decreased after 3 h of exposure to pH 2 and had a good tolerance to 1 % bile salt. A principal component analysis selected P. pentosaceus 57 as the most promising isolate based on the examined technological and probiotic-related physiological properties. This isolate was lyophilized with mandacaru fruit and stored under refrigeration for 90 days. P. pentosaceus 57 lyophilized with mandacaru fruit had high viable cell counts (9.69 ± 0.03 log CFU/mL) and >50 % of physiologically active cells at 90 days of refrigeration storage. The results indicate that mandacaru fruit is a source of P. pentosaceus with aptitudes to be explored as potential probiotic and technological characteristics of interest for the food industry, besides being a good candidate for use in lyophilization processes and refrigeration storage of LAB due to its cryoprotective effects.

Acetolactate Decarboxylase as an Important Regulator of Intracellular Acidification, Morphological Features, and Antagonism Properties in the Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri

SCORE

This study identifies the coding gene (aldB) of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALDC) as an important regulatory gene of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), uncovering the important role of ALDC in regulating intracellular pH, morphological features, and antagonism properties in the probiotic organism L. reuteri.

METHODS AND RESULTS

The aldB mutant (ΔaldB) of L. reuteri is established using the homologous recombination method. Compare to the wild-type (WT) strain, the ΔaldB strain shows a smaller body size, grows more slowly, and contains more acid in the cell cytoplasm. The survival rate of the ΔaldB strain is much lower in low pH and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) than that of the WT strain, but higher in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The antagonism test demonstrates the ΔaldB strain can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella more effectively than the WT strain. Additionally, there is a dramatic decrease in the adhesion rate of Salmonella to Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in the presence of the ΔaldB strain compared to the WT strain. Simultaneously analyze, the auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), hemolytic, temperature, NaCl, oxidative stress, and antibiotic susceptibility of the ΔaldB strain are consistent with the features of probiotics.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights that the aldB gene plays a significant role in the growth and antibacterial properties of L. reuteri.

Evaluation of Safety and Probiotic Traits from a Comprehensive Genome-Based In Silico Analysis of Ligilactobacillus salivarius P1CEA3, Isolated from Pigs and Producer of Nisin S

Ligilactobacillus salivarius is an important member of the porcine gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Some L. salivarius strains are considered to have a beneficial effect on the host by exerting different probiotic properties, including the production of antimicrobial peptides which help maintain a healthy gut microbiota. L. salivarius P1CEA3, a porcine isolated strain, was first selected and identified by its antimicrobial activity against a broad range of pathogenic bacteria due to the production of the novel bacteriocin nisin S. The assembled L. salivarius P1CEA3 genome includes a circular chromosome, a megaplasmid (pMP1CEA3) encoding the nisin S gene cluster, and two small plasmids. A comprehensive genome-based in silico analysis of the L. salivarius P1CEA3 genome reveals the presence of genes related to probiotic features such as bacteriocin synthesis, regulation and production, adhesion and aggregation, the production of lactic acid, amino acids metabolism, vitamin biosynthesis, and tolerance to temperature, acid, bile salts and osmotic and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the strain is absent of risk-related genes for acquired antibiotic resistance traits, virulence factors, toxic metabolites and detrimental metabolic or enzymatic activities. Resistance to common antibiotics and gelatinase and hemolytic activities have been discarded by in vitro experiments. This study identifies several probiotic and safety traits of L. salivarius P1CEA3 and suggests its potential as a promising probiotic in swine production.