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Yang G, Li B, Chen K, Du M, Zalán Z, Hegyi F, Kan J. Isolation and evaluation of probiotics from traditional Chinese foods for aflatoxin B 1 detoxification: Geotrichum candidum XG1 (yeast) and mechanistic insights. Food Chem 2024; 452:139541. [PMID: 38718457 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Identifying aflatoxin-detoxifying probiotics remains a significant challenge in mitigating the risks associated with aflatoxin contamination in crops. Biological detoxification is a popular technique that reduces mycotoxin hazards and garners consumer acceptance. Through multiple rounds of screening and validation tests, Geotrichum candidum XG1 demonstrated the ability to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by 99-100%, exceeding the capabilities of mere adsorption mechanisms. Notably, the degradation efficiency was demonstrably influenced by the presence of copper and iron ions in the liquid medium, suggesting a potential role for proteases in the degradation process. Subsequent validation experiments with red pepper revealed an 83% reduction in AFB1 levels following fermentation with G. candidum XG1. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the disruption of the AFB1 furan ring structure, leading to a subsequent reduction in its toxicity. Collectively, these findings establish G. candidum XG1 as a promising candidate for effective aflatoxin degradation, with potential applications within the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Zsolt Zalán
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Buda Campus, Herman Ottó str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Hegyi
- Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Buda Campus, Herman Ottó str. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products on Storage and Preservation (Chongqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Saravanan P, Chatterjee A, Kiran KJ, Bhowmick GD, Sappati PK, Nagarajan V. Exploring Seaweed-Associated Marine Microbes: Growth Impacts and Enzymatic Potential for Sustainable Resource Utilization. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:593-602. [PMID: 39011007 PMCID: PMC11246340 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, a valuable marine resource widely cultivated worldwide, can be vulnerable to stress and microbiome alterations, resulting in the decay of seaweeds and substantial economic losses. To investigate the seaweed-microbiome interaction, our study aimed to isolate marine bacteria and fungi that can cause Ice-Ice disease and evaluate their enzymatic characteristics for potential application in bioethanol production from seaweed biomass. Three red seaweed species (Gracilaria edulis, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Eucheuma cottonii) were obtained for our study and placed in separate culture tanks. Among the 18 isolated marine microbial species, 12 tested positive for agar and carrageenan activity: six exhibited both activities, three displayed only agar activity, and three only carrageenan activity. DNA sequencing of the positive microbes identified ten bacteria and two yeast species. The 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) assay results revealed that the identified bacterial Caldibacillus kokeshiiformis strain FJAT-47861 exhibited the highest carrageenase activity (0.76 units/ml), while the yeast Pichia fermentans strain PM79 demonstrated the highest agarase activity (0.52 units/ml). Notably, Pichia fermentans strain PM79 exhibited the highest overall agarase and carrageenase activity, averaging 0.63 units/ml. The average carrageenase activity of all six positive microbes was 1.5 times higher than their agarase activity. These findings suggest that the 12 isolated microbes hold potential for bioethanol production from macroalgae, as their agarase and carrageenase activity indicates their ability to break down seaweed cell wall carbohydrates, causing ice-ice disease. Moreover, these results provide exciting prospects for harnessing the bioconversion capabilities of these microbes, paving the way for sustainable and efficient bioethanol production from seaweed resources. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01205-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Saravanan
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Antara Chatterjee
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - K J Kiran
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Gourav Dhar Bhowmick
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Praveen Kumar Sappati
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Vishwanath Nagarajan
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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Hu G, Hong X, Zhu M, Lei L, Han Z, Meng Y, Yang J. Improving the Quality of Wheat Flour Bread by a Thermophilic Xylanase with Ultra Activity and Stability Reconstructed by Ancestral Sequence and Computational-Aided Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:1895. [PMID: 38675714 PMCID: PMC11054572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is an essential component used to hydrolyze the xylan in wheat flour to enhance the quality of bread. Presently, cold-activated xylanase is popularly utilized to aid in the development of dough. In this study, ancestral sequence reconstruction and molecular docking of xylanase and wheat xylan were used to enhance the activity and stability of a thermophilic xylanase. The results indicated that the ancestral enzyme TmxN3 exhibited significantly improved activity and thermal stability. The Vmax increased by 2.7 times, and the catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) increased by 1.7 times in comparison to TmxB. After being incubated at 100 °C for 120 min, it still retained 87.3% of its activity, and the half-life in 100 °C was 330 min, while the wild type xylanase was only 55 min. This resulted in an improved shelf life of bread, while adding TmxN3 considerably enhanced its quality with excellent volume and reduced hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. The results showed that the hardness was reduced by 55.2%, the chewiness was reduced by 40.11%, and the gumminess was reduced by 53.52%. To facilitate its industrial application, we further optimized the production conditions in a 5L bioreactor, and the xylanase activity reached 1.52 × 106 U/mL culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Hu
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (G.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xizhi Hong
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (G.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Meixin Zhu
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (G.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lei Lei
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (G.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Zhenggang Han
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (G.H.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yong Meng
- Mianyang Habio Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Mianyang 621000, China;
| | - Jiangke Yang
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; (G.H.); (M.Z.)
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Bianco A, Zara G, Garau M, Castaldi P, Atzori AS, Deroma MA, Coronas R, Budroni M. Microbial community assembly and chemical dynamics of raw brewers' spent grain during inoculated and spontaneous solid-state fermentation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:518-527. [PMID: 38134539 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) carried out by microbial bioinoculants is an environmentally friendly technology for the sustainable recovery and valorization of agri-food wastes. Particularly, mesophilic SSF processes allows the production of bio-organic fertilizers enriched with beneficial soil microorganisms. However, the establishment of microbial consortia and the interaction with native waste microbiota still require thoughtful investigations. Here, raw brewers' spent grain (BSG), the main waste from the brewing industry, was subjected to two mesophilic SSF processes (maximum temperature of 35 °C) carried out by a multi-kingdom microbial bioinoculant and the BSG spontaneous microbiota. After 90 days, both SSF processes led to stable organic soil amendments, as indicated by the C:N ratio (10.00 ± 1.4), pH (6.66 ± 0.09), and DOC (8.45 ± 1.2 mg/g) values. Additionally, the fermented BSG showed a high nitrogen content (42.2 ± 3.4 mg/Kg) and biostimulating activities towardLepidium sativumseeds. The monitoring of microbial communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA indicated that BSG samples were enriched in microbial genera with interesting agronomic applications (i.e.,Devosia, Paenibacillum, Trichoderma, Mucor, etc.). Microbial cross-kingdom network analyses suggested that the microbial assembly of BSG was significantly influenced by the bioinoculant, despite the inoculated microbial genera being able to persist in BSG samples only the first week of SSF. This suggests that the study of microbial interactions between exogenous microbial inoculants and waste resident microbiota is required to optimize SSF processes aimed at the recovery and valorization of unprocessed wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bianco
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy; Associated Member of the JRU MIRRI-IT, Italy
| | - Giacomo Zara
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy; Associated Member of the JRU MIRRI-IT, Italy.
| | - Matteo Garau
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Paola Castaldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Alberto S Atzori
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Mario A Deroma
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Roberta Coronas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy; Associated Member of the JRU MIRRI-IT, Italy
| | - Marilena Budroni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy; Associated Member of the JRU MIRRI-IT, Italy
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