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Şahin MF, Topkaç EC, Doğan Ç, Şeramet S, Özcan R, Akgül M, Yazıcı CM. Still Using Only ChatGPT? The Comparison of Five Different Artificial Intelligence Chatbots' Answers to the Most Common Questions About Kidney Stones. J Endourol 2024. [PMID: 39212674 DOI: 10.1089/end.2024.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare the quality and comprehensibility of answers produced by five distinct artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots-GPT-4, Claude, Mistral, Google PaLM, and Grok-in response to the most frequently searched questions about kidney stones (KS). Materials and Methods: Google Trends facilitated the identification of pertinent terms related to KS. Each AI chatbot was provided with a unique sequence of 25 commonly searched phrases as input. The responses were assessed using DISCERN, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P), the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), and the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease (FKRE) criteria. Results: The three most frequently searched terms were "stone in kidney," "kidney stone pain," and "kidney pain." Nepal, India, and Trinidad and Tobago were the countries that performed the most searches in KS. None of the AI chatbots attained the requisite level of comprehensibility. Grok demonstrated the highest FKRE (55.6 ± 7.1) and lowest FKGL (10.0 ± 1.1) ratings (p = 0.001), whereas Claude outperformed the other chatbots in its DISCERN scores (47.6 ± 1.2) (p = 0.001). PEMAT-P understandability was the lowest in GPT-4 (53.2 ± 2.0), and actionability was the highest in Claude (61.8 ± 3.5) (p = 0.001). Conclusion: GPT-4 had the most complex language structure of the five chatbots, making it the most difficult to read and comprehend, whereas Grok was the simplest. Claude had the best KS text quality. Chatbot technology can improve healthcare material and make it easier to grasp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Şahin
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Urology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Erdem Can Topkaç
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Urology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Çağrı Doğan
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Urology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Serkan Şeramet
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Urology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Özcan
- Department of Urology, Bursa State Hospital, Nilufer, Turkey
| | - Murat Akgül
- Department of Urology, Ümraniye Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Murat Yazıcı
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Urology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Manna S, Rathnam U, Udayaraj A, Rajesh, Shree T. Groundwater Hardness and Alkalinity As Risk Factors for Kidney Stone Disease in Alwar, India: An Ecological Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62272. [PMID: 39015852 PMCID: PMC11250269 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rajasthan is a semi-arid state in India where people still use groundwater for drinking purposes. However, the quality of groundwater as compared to standards have not been studied in any details. This ecological study was done to study the groundwater quality parameters in the stone-belt states, compare the quality of groundwater in Alwar with the rest of Rajasthan, and study the morbidity profile of surgical in-patients in the same district, with special emphasis on kidney stone disease (KSDs). METHODS The morbidity profile of patients coming to the surgery department of a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2002 and June 2023 was obtained from the medical records department, and water quality data was obtained from the publicly available Water Resources Information System (WRIS) groundwater dataset for the year 2023. The dataset provided detailed information on the chemical parameters of water samples throughout the country that were evaluated to estimate the quality of groundwater. RESULTS It was found that the groundwater in Alwar is non-potable due to the presence of iron, alkalinity, magnesium, and total dissolved solids (TDS). Iron was estimated to be much higher than the acceptable limit of the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking-water quality guidelines (0.3 mg/L). Similarly, most of the chemical parameters in the groundwaters of Rajasthan significantly exceeded the national average. The median electrical conductivity, fluoride, magnesium, sodium, hardness, alkalinity, and turbidity were found to be 1680 μS/cm, 1.05 parts per million (PPM), 41 PPM, 233 PPM, 330 PPM, 310 PPM, 988 PPM, respectively, which are above the WHO recommendations for drinking water guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The levels of iron and total alkalinity were significantly higher in the study district as compared to the rest of the state. Also, magnesium hardness and TDS levels were very high in the groundwater of the entire state of Rajasthan, making the population vulnerable to KSDs in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Manna
- Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND
| | - Usharani Rathnam
- General Surgery, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
| | - Arun Udayaraj
- Internal Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
| | - Rajesh
- Dermatology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
| | - Tuhina Shree
- Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital, Alwar, IND
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Ahmad A, Mahmood K, Kumar N, Sharma RR, Ranjan N, Anand RK, Kumar S. Predictive Value of C-reactive Protein in the Spontaneous Passage of Lower Ureteric Stones: A Prospective Single-Centre Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62669. [PMID: 39036228 PMCID: PMC11258591 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ureteric stones, characterised by their presence in the ureter, present a common yet often painful urological condition requiring timely intervention. As C-reactive protein (CRP) emerges as a potential biomarker, its correlation with the spontaneous stone passage (SSP) offers valuable insights into patient management and treatment strategies. The present study aimed to assess if CRP levels can predict SSP in symptomatic lower ureteric calculi of size 5 mm-10 mm. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective observational study, conducted at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences in Patna, India, from July 2022 to June 2023, focused on individuals aged 13 to 60 years presenting with ureteric colic and single distal ureteral stones (5 mm-10 mm). Patients underwent comprehensive initial assessment and monitoring, including diagnostic procedures such as a complete blood count, urinalysis, CRP levels, and renal function evaluations. Treatment consisted of hydration encouragement, tamsulosin (0.4 mg) daily administration, and diclofenac (50 mg) as needed. Follow-up assessments at one-month post-treatment involved clinical examination and imaging studies to evaluate treatment efficacy. RESULTS This study analysed 157 patients with ureteric stones, finding that 76% experienced SSP. Lower CRP levels (≤6 mg/L), along with other laboratory parameters like low white blood cell counts, low neutrophil levels, absence of leukocyturia, absence of hematuria, and lower urine specific gravity, were associated with higher SSP rates. C-reactive protein levels ≤6 mg/L emerged as a strong predictor of SSP in multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the potential utility of CRP as a predictive biomarker in guiding the management and treatment strategies for ureteric stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ahmad
- Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Nandesh Kumar
- Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Ravi R Sharma
- Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | - Nikhil Ranjan
- Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
| | | | - Shishir Kumar
- Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, IND
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Bhat GS, Shastry A. Prospective randomized study to evaluate and compare the post-procedural sexual function in patients undergoing semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy for distal ureteric stones in three different operating room settings. Asian J Urol 2024; 11:331-338. [PMID: 38680574 PMCID: PMC11053307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate and compare the effect of semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy on post-procedural sexual function with three different operating room settings. Methods In this prospective randomized study, consecutive sexually active patients with normal pre-operative sexual function undergoing uncomplicated semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy for distal ureteric stones were randomized into three groups, with three different operating room settings. Procedure-related anxiety and sexual function were assessed pre-operatively using Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale and Brief Sexual Function Inventory (in males) and Female Sexual Function Index-6 (in females), respectively. All the participants were stented following the procedure, and the stent was removed after 3 weeks. Post-procedural sexual function and general discomfort were assessed and compared between three groups at 1 week, 3 weeks, and 12 weeks. The effect of surgery-related anxiety, preoperative sexual function, age, and general discomfort (including stent-related discomfort) on post-procedural sexual function were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Totally, 327 eligible patients were randomized into three groups. The group of patients who underwent the procedural with a screen separating the operating area from the patient vision, while the patient could watch the endoscopy through a separate monitor, had better post-procedural sexual function compared to those who had total vision of the operating area as well as to those whose eyes were blocked. This difference was statistically significant. This post-procedural reduction in sexual function could not be attributed to in situ stent alone. Conclusions Our study showed that semi-rigid ureterorenoscopy can have significant negative effect on sexual function, which can be reduced with proper preoperative counseling and an ideal operating room settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan S. Bhat
- Sexual Medicine, TSS Shripad Hegde Kadave Institute of Medical Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuradha Shastry
- Department of Urology, Andrology and Sexual Medicine, TSS Shripad Hegde Kadave Institute of Medical Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India
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Choudhury S, Patel P, Kundu G, Ahmed S, Bera MK. Prospective Comparative Analysis of Supine Versus Prone Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Patients with Complex Renal Stone Disease and Difficult Anatomy. UROLOGY RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2024; 50:107-114. [PMID: 39128124 PMCID: PMC11232091 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2024.24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In complex renal stone disease, few studies have shown that supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is not inferior to prone PCNL. In our study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of supine versus prone PCNL in patients with complex renal stone disease and patients with difficult anatomy. METHODS We prospectively analyzed 106 patients over 15 months from October 2022 to December 2023 and divided them as group S (Calcutta position supine arm) and group P (classical prone arm) by simple randomization. The measured data included body mass index (BMI), stone size, location of stone, number of punctures/ access, tract length, bleeding, operative time, stone-free rate (SFR), length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. RESULTS The operative time was 104.722 ± (34.48) versus 124.30 ± (22.67) minutes (group S vs. group P), which was significant (P=.01). The nephroscopy time was 89.722 ± 34.55 in group S vs. 92.212 ± 20.18 minutes, which was also significant (P = .01). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.889 ± 1.09 and 4.558 ± 1.33 days in supine and prone group (P = .021), respectively. Four patients in group S required re-look PCNL in comparison to 8 in group P. Overall SFR at 1 month was 76.92% and 68.51% (P .331), respectively in case of group S and P. CONCLUSION The study revealed that supine position in Calcutta position is a viable alternative to classical prone position even in patients with complex renal stone and patients with difficult anatomy as major complications are less, SFR is higher, and need of auxiliary procedures are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Choudhury
- Department of Urology Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Prakhar Patel
- Department of Urology Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Gourab Kundu
- Department of Urology Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Shahbaaz Ahmed
- Department of Urology Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, India
| | - Malay Kumar Bera
- Department of Urology Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, India
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González-Enguita C, Bueno-Serrano G, López de Alda-González A, García-Giménez R. Environmental Conditions as Determinants of Kidney Stone Formation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5030-5036. [PMID: 37913796 PMCID: PMC10863387 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of stones in the urinary tract, whether in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. Its origin is multiple, and causes can be cited as hereditary, environmental, dietary, anatomical, metabolic, or infectious factors. A kidney stone is a biomaterial that originates inside the urinary tract, following the principles of crystalline growth, and in most cases, it cannot be eliminated naturally. In this work, 40 calculi from the Don Benito, Badajoz University Hospital are studied and compared with those collected in Madrid to establish differences between both populations with the same pathology and located in very different geographical areas. Analysis by cathodoluminescence offers information on the low crystallinity of the phases and their hydration states, as well as the importance of the bonds with the Ca cation in all of the structures, which, in turn, is related to environmental and social factors of different population groups such as a high intake of proteins, medications, bacterial factors, or possible contamination with greenhouse gases, among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen González-Enguita
- Hospital
Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos,
2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Bueno-Serrano
- Hospital
Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos,
2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rosario García-Giménez
- Departamento
de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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El-Daly SM, Talaat RM, Braoudaki M, Youness RA, Cho WC. Editorial: Recent breakthroughs in the decoding of circulating nucleic acids and their applications to human diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1203495. [PMID: 37234920 PMCID: PMC10206394 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1203495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sherien M. El-Daly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Roba M. Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- Clinical, Pharmaceutical, and Biological Science Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Barh D, Aburjaile FF, Tavares TS, da Silva ME, Bretz GPM, Rocha IFM, Dey A, de Souza RP, Góes-Neto A, Ribeiro SP, Alzahrani KJ, Alghamdi AA, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Tiwari S, Aljabali AAA, Lundstrom K, Azevedo V, Ganguly NK. Indian food habit & food ingredients may have a role in lowering the severity & high death rate from COVID-19 in Indians: findings from the first nutrigenomic analysis. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:293-303. [PMID: 37102510 PMCID: PMC10438415 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1701_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, the death rate was reportedly 5-8 fold lower in India which is densely populated as compared to less populated western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary habits were associated with the variations in COVID-19 severity and deaths between western and Indian population at the nutrigenomics level. Methods In this study nutrigenomics approach was applied. Blood transcriptome of severe COVID-19 patients from three western countries (showing high fatality) and two datasets from Indian patients were used. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed for pathways, metabolites, nutrients, etc., and compared for western and Indian samples to identify the food- and nutrient-related factors, which may be associated with COVID-19 severity. Data on the daily consumption of twelve key food components across four countries were collected and a correlation between nutrigenomics analyses and per capita daily dietary intake was investigated. Results Distinct dietary habits of Indians were observed, which may be associated with low death rate from COVID-19. Increased consumption of red meat, dairy products and processed foods by western populations may increase the severity and death rate by activating cytokine storm-related pathways, intussusceptive angiogenesis, hypercapnia and enhancing blood glucose levels due to high contents of sphingolipids, palmitic acid and byproducts such as CO2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Palmitic acid also induces ACE2 expression and increases the infection rate. Coffee and alcohol that are highly consumed in western countries may increase the severity and death rates from COVID-19 by deregulating blood iron, zinc and triglyceride levels. The components of Indian diets maintain high iron and zinc concentrations in blood and rich fibre in their foods may prevent CO2 and LPS-mediated COVID-19 severity. Regular consumption of tea by Indians maintains high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low triglyceride in blood as catechins in tea act as natural atorvastatin. Importantly, regular consumption of turmeric in daily food by Indians maintains strong immunity and curcumin in turmeric may prevent pathways and mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity and lowered the death rate. Interpretation & conclusions Our results suggest that Indian food components suppress cytokine storm and various other severity related pathways of COVID-19 and may have a role in lowering severity and death rates from COVID-19 in India as compared to western populations. However, large multi-centered case-control studies are required to support our current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics & Applied Biotechnology, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia Figueira Aburjaile
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thais Silva Tavares
- Department of Laboratory of Algorithms in Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Fernando Martins Rocha
- Department of Centre of Research on Health Vulnerability, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Annesha Dey
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics & Applied Biotechnology, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Renan Pedra de Souza
- Department of Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Department of Laboratory of Ecology of Diseases & Forests, Nucleus of Biological Research, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Faisal Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Department of Post-Graduation Programs in Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology and Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- Policy Center for Biomedical Research, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Singh S, Gupta S, Mishra T, Banerjee BD, Sharma T. Risk Factors of Incident Kidney Stones in Indian Adults: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e35558. [PMID: 37007314 PMCID: PMC10060047 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diverse manifestations of urolithiasis provide very interesting epidemiological data. This has prompted various studies to look into the etiopathogenesis of renal stones, which is believed to be multifactorial, both exogenous and endogenous. VDR Fok1 is a risk factor for renal stone formation and could cause the formation of renal stones through the mechanism of crystal induction and crystallization in the urine. While a few recent studies have shown the role of heavy metals like cadmium and lead in the formation of renal stones, the current knowledge is still insufficient. Methods This case-control prospective study was conducted in Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, a tertiary care facility in Delhi with 30 cases and 30 controls. Patients visiting the department of surgery between November 2011 and April 2013 were enrolled in the study. Cases were defined as patients with renal stones diagnosed on the basis of history and radiological investigations. Controls were selected from the patients admitted to the department of surgery for reasons other than renal stones. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of the University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, Delhi. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Metal levels were analyzed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Flame AA-680, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) at Delhi University. The vitamin D receptor gene was measured using genomic DNA. Horizontal agarose gel electrophoresis was used for the quantification of the genomic DNA. Results There were 30 cases and 30 controls in the study. Stress was more prevalent among cases (63%) compared to controls (36%). Nearly 83% of cases had the ff allele of the Vitamin D receptor gene compared to 46% of controls. The median arsenic and lead levels were higher among cases compared to controls. In the unadjusted model of logistic regression, we found stressed patients had three times higher odds of developing renal stones compared to non-stressed patients (OR (95% CI): 2.98 (1.04-8.52); p=0.04). Similarly, patients with higher blood concentrations of arsenic and lead had higher odds of developing renal stones compared to those with lower concentrations. Conclusions There was a definitive role of heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, and arsenic, seen with renal stones. A significant association was seen between the ff allele of VDR polymorphism (Fok1 enzymes) and patients with renal stones. Other parameters, including male and stress factors, seem to have an important role in renal stone formation.
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Patel YP, Pandey SN, Patel SB, Parikh A, Soni S, Shete N, Srivastava R, Raval MA, Ganpule AP, Patel SG, Desai MR. Haplotype of CaSR gene is associated with risk of renal stone disease in West Indian population. Urolithiasis 2022; 51:25. [PMID: 36585523 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is the most abundant metabolite involved in the stone matrix. The CaSR gene controls calcium homeostasis, and genetic variation in the CaSR gene could lead to the development of renal stone disease. Therefore, the current study has been designed to assess the association of genetic variants of CaSR gene polymorphisms with renal stone disease. A single-centric prospective study has been carried out on a total of 300 participants (150 cases and 150 controls). Serum levels of calcium, creatinine, parathyroid hormone, and 24 h urine metabolites were measured. Two polymorphisms, rs1801725 and rs1042636, of the CaSR gene, have been genotyped for each participant. T test, binary logistic regression, and Chi-square analysis were used for statistical analysis. Renal stone patients had significantly higher levels of serum parathyroid hormone, creatinine, and 24-h urine metabolites in comparison to the controls. CaSR gene variants, rs1801725 (GG) and rs1042636 (AA), both have shown significant association with renal stone disease. In addition, individuals having specific genotypes along with metabolic abnormalities such as hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism are found to be at a higher significant risk of developing the renal stone disease. In the present study, the haplotype of the CaSR gene has shown an association with renal stone disease. Individuals with hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia and risk genotype have a higher susceptibility to developing renal stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash P Patel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Pandey
- Department of Pathology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
| | - Sandip B Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aditya Parikh
- Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
| | - Shailesh Soni
- Department of Pathology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
| | - Nitiraj Shete
- Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
| | - Ratika Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Manan A Raval
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Arvind P Ganpule
- Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
| | - Samir G Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Anand, Gujarat, 388421, India.
| | - Mahesh R Desai
- Department of Urology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India
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Chatterjee A, Sarkar K, Bank S, Ghosh S, Kumar Pal D, Saraf S, Wakle D, Roy B, Chakraborty S, Bankura B, Chattopadhyay D, Das M. Homozygous GRHPR C.494G>A mutation is deleterious that causes early onset of nephrolithiasis in West Bengal, India. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1049620. [PMID: 36619171 PMCID: PMC9815608 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1049620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric nephrolithiasis (NL) or Kidney stone disease (KSD) is an untethered topic in Asian population. In Western countries, the annual incidence of paediatric NL is around 6-10%. Here, we present data from West Bengal, India, on lower age (LA, 0-20 years) NL and its prevalence for the first time. To discover the mutations associated with KSD, twenty-four (18 + 6) rare LA-NL patients were selected for Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, respectively. It was found that GRHPR c. 494G>A mutation (MZ826703) is predominant in our study cohort. This specific homozygous mutation is functionally studied for the first time directly from human peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples. Using expression study with biochemical activity and computational analysis we assumed that the mutation is pathogenic with loss of function. Moreover, three genes, AGXT, HOGA1 and GRHPR with Novel variants known to cause hyperoxaluria were found frequently in the study cohort. Our study analyses the genes and variations that cause LA-NL, as well as the molecular function of the GRHPR mutation, which may serve as a clinical marker in the population of West Bengal, Eastern India.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunal Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sarbashri Bank
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sudakshina Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Pal
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Siddharth Saraf
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Dhansagar Wakle
- Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Bidyut Roy
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Biswabandhu Bankura
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India,Medical College, Kolkata, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, Kolkata, India,ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, India,School of Health Sciences, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Madhusudan Das, ; Debprasad Chattopadhyay,
| | - Madhusudan Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India,*Correspondence: Madhusudan Das, ; Debprasad Chattopadhyay,
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Bhattacharya S, Joshi NK, Jain YK, Bajpai N, Bhardwaj P, Chaturvedi M, Patil MS, Gaidhane A, Quazi Syed Z, Saxena D. Dietary Determinants of Renal Calculi: A Case-Control Study From a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Rajasthan. Cureus 2022; 14:e31460. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Choy SH, Nyanatay SA, Sothilingam S, Malek R, J. R. S, Toh CC, Sundram M, Md Yusoff NA, Nagappan P, Kamaruzaman S, Yeoh WS, Ong TA, Lim J. Cardiovascular risk factors, ethnicity and infection stone are independent factors associated with reduced renal function in renal stone formers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265510. [PMID: 35421118 PMCID: PMC9009641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggested the link between nephrolithiasis and renal function impairment. We aimed to determine the renal function profile and potential factors associated with reduced renal function amongst renal stone formers in multi-ethnic Asians. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy between May 2015 and December 2019. Reduced renal function was defined as having estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Renal stone samples were collected and quantified using infrared spectroscopy. Potential factors associated with reduced renal function including age, ethnicity, educational level, history of diabetes, hypertension, gout, hydronephrosis, serum uric acid level, and type of renal stone were evaluated using univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS A total of 1162 patients from a multi-ethnic population (Malays 67%, Chinese 19%, Indians 13% and indigenous people 1%) with median age of 57 years (Interquartile range 48-64) were enrolled in the study. Almost a third of patients were found with reduced renal function. Multivariable analysis showed that the odds of having reduced renal function increased with age, ethnicity, lower educational level, history of diabetes, hypertension, gout, bilateral hydronephrosis, elevated serum uric acid level and infection stone. CONCLUSIONS Reduced renal function varies between ethnicities and all age groups of renal stone formers. In addition to age and ethnicity, cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes and hypertension may also need to be taken into account in managing stone patients with reduced renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seow Huey Choy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Selina Ann Nyanatay
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Rohan Malek
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Charng Chee Toh
- Department of Urology, Hospital Selayang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murali Sundram
- Department of Urology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Shakirin Kamaruzaman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Sien Yeoh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jasmine Lim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Deshpande G, Tonannavar J, Tonannavar J, Patil SB, Kundargi VS, Patil S, Mulimani BG, Narayana Kalkura S, Ramana Ramya J, Thanigai Arul K. Detection of the mineral constituents in human renal calculi by vibrational spectroscopic analysis combined with allied techniques Powder XRD, TGA, SEM, IR imaging and TXRF. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120867. [PMID: 35033803 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Detection of the mineral constituents in a batch of 310 samples of human urinary calculi (kidney stones-235 and bladder stones-75) combined with a semi-quantitative analysis has been presented on the basis of Fourier Transform based IR and Raman spectral measurements. Some of the observed characteristic IR and Raman bands have been proposed as 'Marker Bands' for the most reliable identification of the constituents. A detailed vibrational spectral analysis combined with a DFT level calculation for the functional groups in Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM), Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate (MAPH), Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CHPD), Penta-Calcium Hydroxy-Triphosphate (PCHT) and Uric Acid (UA) has been proposed. It has been shown that the identified mineral constituents as major or minor components can be deduced from the application of Lambert-Beer law of radiation absorption and results are in agreement with quantitative Spectral Data base. This simple method has the potential to be integrated into the management of Urolithiasis, a process of forming renal calculi in the kidney, bladder and/or urethra. Employment of powder XRD, TGA, SEM, TXRF and IR Imaging techniques has provided additional support for the proposed foolproof identification of the mineral constituents. Among the mineral constituents, Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate, Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate or their mixture account for 85% of the total number of samples; the remaining 15% and 5% samples contain Phosphate and Uric acid stones respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouri Deshpande
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Group, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | - Jayashree Tonannavar
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Group, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, India
| | - J Tonannavar
- Vibrational Spectroscopy Group, Department of Physics, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580 003, India.
| | - Siddanagouda B Patil
- Department of Urology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE University, Vijaypur 586 103, India
| | - Vinay S Kundargi
- Department of Urology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE University, Vijaypur 586 103, India
| | - Santosh Patil
- Department of Urology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE University, Vijaypur 586 103, India
| | - B G Mulimani
- Department of Urology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE University, Vijaypur 586 103, India
| | | | - J Ramana Ramya
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - K Thanigai Arul
- Energy and Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, AMET, Kanathur, Chennai 603 112, India
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15
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Sudershan A, Mahajan K, Panjaliya RK, Dhar MK, Kumar P. Algorithm for sample availability prediction in a hospital-based epidemiological study spreadsheet-based sample availability calculator. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1860. [PMID: 35115548 PMCID: PMC8814063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Looking at the population's behavior by taking samples is quite uncertain due to its big and dynamic structure and unimaginable variability. All quantitative sampling approaches aim to draw a representative sample from the population so that the results of the studying samples can then be generalized back to the population. The probability of detecting a true effect of a study largely depends on the sample size and if taking small samples will give lowers statistical power, higher risk of missing a meaningful underlying difference. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis i.e., finding significant difference using the sample largely depends upon the statistical power. There are a lot of online tools used for calculating the sample size, but none tell us about the availability of samples from single site in a fixed span. This study aims to provide an efficient calculation method for the availability of samples during a specific period of a research study which is an important question to be answered during the research study design. So, we have designed a spreadsheet-based sample availability calculator tool implemented in MS-Excel 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Sudershan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India
| | - Kanak Mahajan
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India
| | - Rakesh K Panjaliya
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India
| | - Parvinder Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India.
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), 180006, India.
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16
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Asabe S, Mhaske S, Sabale V, Satav V, Sharma S, Belagalli H. Comparative study of transperitoneal laparoscopic versus retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy techniques. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_83_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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