1
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Dabin J, Giacomini G, Petit E, Polo SE. New facets in the chromatin-based regulation of genome maintenance. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103702. [PMID: 38878564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity by DNA damage response machineries is key to protect cells against pathological development. In cell nuclei, these genome maintenance machineries operate in the context of chromatin, where the DNA wraps around histone proteins. Here, we review recent findings illustrating how the chromatin substrate modulates genome maintenance mechanisms, focusing on the regulatory role of histone variants and post-translational modifications. In particular, we discuss how the pre-existing chromatin landscape impacts DNA damage formation and guides DNA repair pathway choice, and how DNA damage-induced chromatin alterations control DNA damage signaling and repair, and DNA damage segregation through cell divisions. We also highlight that pathological alterations of histone proteins may trigger genome instability by impairing chromosome segregation and DNA repair, thus defining new oncogenic mechanisms and opening up therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Dabin
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Giacomini
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eliane Petit
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sophie E Polo
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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2
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Poltronieri P. Regulatory RNAs: role as scaffolds assembling protein complexes and their epigenetic deregulation. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:841-876. [PMID: 39280246 PMCID: PMC11390297 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, new data have been added to the interaction between non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and epigenetic machinery. Epigenetics includes enzymes involved in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA modifications, and mechanisms underlying chromatin structure, repressive states, and active states operating in transcription. The main focus is on long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) acting as scaffolds to assemble protein complexes. This review does not cover RNA's role in sponging microRNAs, or decoy functions. Several lncRNAs were shown to regulate chromatin activation and repression by interacting with Polycomb repressive complexes and mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) activating complexes. Various groups reported on enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) interactions with regulatory RNAs. Knowledge of the function of these complexes opens the perspective to develop new therapeutics for cancer treatment. Lastly, the interplay between lncRNAs and epitranscriptomic modifications in cancers paves the way for new targets in cancer therapy. The approach to inhibit lncRNAs interaction with protein complexes and perspective to regulate epitrascriptomics-regulated RNAs may bring new compounds as therapeuticals in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Agrofood Department, National Research Council, CNR-ISPA, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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3
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Liang X, Zhang C, Shen L, Ding L, Guo H. Role of non‑coding RNAs in UV‑induced radiation effects (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:262. [PMID: 38756908 PMCID: PMC11097301 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is divided into UVA (long-wave, 320-400 nm), UVB (middle-wave, 280-320 nm) and UVC (short-wave, 100-280 nm) based on wavelength. UV radiation (UVR) from sunlight (UVA + UVB) is a major cause of skin photodamage including skin inflammation, aging and pigmentation. Accidental exposure to UVC burns the skin and induces skin cancer. In addition to the skin, UV radiation can also impair visual function. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that do not have coding activity but can control cellular processes at the post-transcriptional level, including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circulatory RNA (circRNA). Through a review of the literature, it was determined that UVR can affect the expression of various ncRNAs, and that this regulation may be wavelength specific. Functionally, ncRNAs participate in the regulation of photodamage through various pathways and play pathogenic or protective regulatory roles. In addition, ncRNAs that are upregulated or downregulated by UVR can serve as biomarkers for UV-induced diseases, aiding in diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs, including the use of natural drugs and their extracts, have shown protective effects against UV-induced photodamage. In the present review, an extensive summarization of previous studies was performed and the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in UV-induced radiation effects was reviewed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of UV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qiqihar MingZhu Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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4
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Li W, Xu T, Jin H, Li M, Jia Q. Emerging role of cancer-associated fibroblasts in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155002. [PMID: 38056131 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is the sixth leading cause of cancer death globally and the majority of global cases are esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Difficulty in diagnosis exists as more than 70% of ESCC patients are diagnosed at the intermediate or advanced stage. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been considered one of the crucial components in the process of tumor growth, promoting communications between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). CAFs grow alongside malignancies dynamically and interact with ESCC cells to promote their progression, proliferation, invasion, tumor escape, chemo- and radio-resistance, etc. It is believed that CAFs qualify as a promising direction for treatment. Analyzing CAFs' subtypes and functions will elucidate the involvement of CAFs in ESCC and aid in therapeutics. This review summarizes current information on CAFs in ESCC and focuses on the latest interaction between CAFs and ESCC cancer cell discoveries. The origin of CAFs and their communication with ESCC cells and TME are also demonstrated. On the foundation of a thorough analysis, we highlight the clinical prospects and CAFs-related therapies in ESCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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5
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Zhang X, Zhao Q, Wang T, Long Q, Sun Y, Jiao L, Gullerova M. DNA damage response, a double-edged sword for vascular aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102137. [PMID: 38007046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a major risk factor for age-related cardiovascular diseases, which have high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by changes in the blood vessels, such as macroscopically increased vascular diameter and intima-medial thickness, chronic inflammation, vascular calcification, arterial stiffening, and atherosclerosis. DNA damage and the subsequent various DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are important causative factors of vascular aging. Deficient DDR, which may result in the accumulation of unrepaired damaged DNA or mutations, can lead to vascular aging. On the other hand, over-activation of some DDR proteins, such as poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), also can enhance the process of vascular aging, suggesting that DDR can have both positive and negative effects on vascular aging. Despite the evidence reviewed in this paper, the role of DDR in vascular aging and potential therapeutic targets remain poorly understood and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- M.D. Program, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qilin Long
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Yixin Sun
- First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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Durut N, Kornienko AE, Schmidt HA, Lettner N, Donà M, Nordborg M, Mittelsten Scheid O. Long noncoding RNAs contribute to DNA damage resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad135. [PMID: 37467473 PMCID: PMC10471225 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient repair of DNA lesions is essential for the faithful transmission of genetic information between somatic cells and for genome integrity across generations. Plants have multiple, partially redundant, and overlapping DNA repair pathways, probably due to the less constricted germline and the inevitable exposure to light including higher energy wavelengths. Many proteins involved in DNA repair and their mode of actions are well described. In contrast, a role for DNA damage-associated RNA components, evident from many other organisms, is less well understood. Here, we have challenged young Arabidopsis thaliana plants with two different types of genotoxic stress and performed de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis. We identified three long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are lowly or not expressed under regular conditions but up-regulated or induced by DNA damage. We generated CRISPR/Cas deletion mutants and found that the absence of the lncRNAs impairs the recovery capacity of the plants from genotoxic stress. The genetic loci are highly conserved among world-wide distributed Arabidopsis accessions and within related species in the Brassicaceae group. Together, these results suggest that the lncRNAs have a conserved function in connection with DNA damage and provide a basis for mechanistic analysis of their role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Durut
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra E Kornienko
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko A Schmidt
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna (CIBIV), Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Lettner
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mattia Donà
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magnus Nordborg
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Dutertre M. Editorial for the 'Reciprocal Links between RNA Metabolism and DNA Damage' Special Issue: July 2023. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1570. [PMID: 37628622 PMCID: PMC10454813 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two central parts of molecular biology are the control of genome integrity and genome expression [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dutertre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, INSERM U1278, 91401 Orsay, France;
- RNA Biology, Signaling and Cancer Lab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, 91401 Orsay, France
- Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 91401 Orsay, France
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8
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Gopinathan L, Gopinathan C. Ionizing radiation-induced cancer: perplexities of the bystander effect. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1579. [PMID: 37533937 PMCID: PMC10393308 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a carcinogen. This has been established beyond doubt from many years of studies such as those conducted among the survivors of the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and later from the Chernobyl accident. Despite immense progress in the field of carcinogenesis, complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind IR-induced cancer remains elusive. In particular, the long gestation period between exposure to IR and the onset of cancer, frequently unpredictable, and sometimes lasting for many years, remains poorly understood. The centrality of DNA damage and misrepair in carcinogenesis research has not entirely benefited IR-induced cancer research and the past decade has seen a shift in understanding radiation-driven cellular mechanisms beyond simplistic models of targeted DNA damage. This paper presents a viewpoint on the gaps in our knowledge of IR-induced cancer with a focus on the non-targeted bystander effect, the mechanisms underlying which may be key to radiotherapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Gopinathan
- Independent consultant, Navi Mumbai 400703, India
- Ex-Head, Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Du Z, Zhang F, Liu L, Shen H, Liu T, Jin J, Yu N, Wan Z, Wang H, Hu X, Chen Y, Cai J. LncRNA ANRIL promotes HR repair through regulating PARP1 expression by sponging miR-7-5p in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 36755223 PMCID: PMC9906921 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is an important treatment for lung cancer, mainly by triggering DNA double-strand breaks to induce cell death. Blocking DNA damage repair can increase the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Recent studies have identified long noncoding RNAs as key regulators in DNA damage repair. The lncRNA ANRIL was previously shown to be involved in homologous recombination (HR) repair, but its specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The downstream interacting miRNAs of ANRIL were predicted according to miRanda software. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of ANRIL and candidate miRNAs. Clone formation experiment and cell viability assays detect cell viability after ionizing radiation. Apoptosis assay was used to detect the apoptosis of cells after 8 h of ionizing radiation. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays verified the protein expression levels of the downstream target molecule PARP1 of miR-7-5p and key molecules in the HR pathway. Fluorescent reporter gene experiments were used to verify the interaction between ANRIL and miR-7-5p and between miR-7-5p and PARP1. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis and qPCR validation suggested that miR-7-5p might be a downstream molecule of ANRIL. The expression of miR-7-5p was up-regulated after knockdown of ANRIL, and the expression of miR-7-5p was down-regulated after overexpression of ANRIL. Meanwhile, there was a negative correlation between ANRIL and miR-7-5p expression changes before and after ionizing radiation. The luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the existence of ANRIL binding site with miR-7-5p, and found that transfection of miR-7-5p inhibitor can reduce the radiation sensitivity of ANRIL-KD cells. A downstream target molecule of miR-7-5p related to HR repair, PARP1, was screened through website prediction. Subsequently, it was confirmed by Western blot and luciferase reporter assays that miR-7-5p could down-regulate the expression of PARP1, and there was a miR-7-5p binding site on the 3'UTR of PARP1 mRNA. This suggests that ANRIL may act as a competitive endogenous RNA to bind miR-7-5p and upregulate the expression of PARP1. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression changes of HR repair factors in ANRIL-KD cells after ionizing radiation, and it was found that knockdown of ANRIL can inhibit the expression of PARP1, BRCA1 and Rad51, hinder radiation-induced HR repair, and eventually result in resensitizing ANRIL-KD cells to ionizing radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that ANRIL targets the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis to exert its regulatory effect on HR repair, suggesting that altering ANRIL expression may be a promising strategy to overcome radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Du
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Fangxiao Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- grid.417279.eDepartment of Oncology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Jin
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan P. R. China
| | - Nanxi Yu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wan
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hang Wang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China. .,Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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10
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DNA Double-Strand Break-Related Competitive Endogenous RNA Network of Noncoding RNA in Bovine Cumulus Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020290. [PMID: 36833217 PMCID: PMC9956238 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most serious form of DNA damage that affects oocyte maturation and the physiological state of follicles and ovaries. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in DNA damage and repair. This study aims to analyze and establish the network of ncRNAs when DSB occurs and provide new ideas for next research on the mechanism of cumulus DSB. (2) Methods: Bovine cumulus cells (CCs) were treated with bleomycin (BLM) to construct a DSB model. We detected the changes of the cell cycle, cell viability, and apoptosis to determine the effect of DSBs on cell biology, and further evaluated the relationship between the transcriptome and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and DSBs. (3) Results: BLM increased γH2AX positivity in CCs, disrupted the G1/S phase, and decreased cell viability. Totals of 848 mRNAs, 75 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 68 circular RNAs (circRNAs), and 71 microRNAs (miRNAs) in 78 groups of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, 275 groups of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, and five groups of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression regulatory networks were related to DSBs. Most differentially expressed ncRNAs were annotated to cell cycle, p53, PI3K-AKT, and WNT signaling pathways. (4) Conclusions: The ceRNA network helps to understand the effects of DNA DSBs activation and remission on the biological function of CCs.
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Grandt CL, Brackmann LK, Poplawski A, Schwarz H, Marini F, Hankeln T, Galetzka D, Zahnreich S, Mirsch J, Spix C, Blettner M, Schmidberger H, Marron M. Identification of lncRNAs involved in response to ionizing radiation in fibroblasts of long-term survivors of childhood cancer and cancer-free controls. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1158176. [PMID: 37182169 PMCID: PMC10174438 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1158176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) are involved in the cellular damage response following exposure to ionizing radiation as applied in radiotherapy. However, the role of lncRNAs in radiation response concerning intrinsic susceptibility to late effects of radiation exposure has not been examined in general or in long-term survivors of childhood cancer with and without potentially radiotherapy-related second primary cancers, in particular. Methods Primary skin fibroblasts (n=52 each) of long-term childhood cancer survivors with a first primary cancer only (N1), at least one second primary neoplasm (N2+), as well as tumor-free controls (N0) from the KiKme case-control study were matched by sex, age, and additionally by year of diagnosis and entity of the first primary cancer. Fibroblasts were exposed to 0.05 and 2 Gray (Gy) X-rays. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified with and without interaction terms for donor group and dose. Weighted co-expression networks of lncRNA and mRNA were constructed using WGCNA. Resulting gene sets (modules) were correlated to the radiation doses and analyzed for biological function. Results After irradiation with 0.05Gy, few lncRNAs were differentially expressed (N0: AC004801.4; N1: PCCA-DT, AF129075.3, LINC00691, AL158206.1; N2+: LINC02315). In reaction to 2 Gy, the number of differentially expressed lncRNAs was higher (N0: 152, N1: 169, N2+: 146). After 2 Gy, AL109976.1 and AL158206.1 were prominently upregulated in all donor groups. The co-expression analysis identified two modules containing lncRNAs that were associated with 2 Gy (module1: 102 mRNAs and 4 lncRNAs: AL158206.1, AL109976.1, AC092171.5, TYMSOS, associated with p53-mediated reaction to DNA damage; module2: 390 mRNAs, 7 lncRNAs: AC004943.2, AC012073.1, AC026401.3, AC092718.4, MIR31HG, STXBP5-AS1, TMPO-AS1, associated with cell cycle regulation). Discussion For the first time, we identified the lncRNAs AL158206.1 and AL109976.1 as involved in the radiation response in primary fibroblasts by differential expression analysis. The co-expression analysis revealed a role of these lncRNAs in the DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation post-IR. These transcripts may be targets in cancer therapy against radiosensitivity, as well as provide grounds for the identification of at-risk patients for immediate adverse reactions in healthy tissues. With this work we deliver a broad basis and new leads for the examination of lncRNAs in the radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine Lucas Grandt
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Caine Lucas Grandt,
| | - Lara Kim Brackmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heike Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular Genetics and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zahnreich
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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12
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Yang J, Liu C, Guan J, Wang Y, Su J, Wang Y, Liu S. SPI1 mediates transcriptional activation of TPX2 and RNF2 to regulate the radiosensitivity of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109425. [PMID: 36198346 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy acts by damaging DNA and hindering cancer cell proliferation. H2AX is phosphorylated to produce γH2AX that accumulates in a response to DNA double-strand breaks. Non-coding RNA can influence DNA damage response and enhance DNA repair, which show potential for cancer treatment. The study aimed to observe the influence of SPI1 on the radiosensitivity of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and to investigate the mechanisms. SPI1, TPX2, and RNF2 were overexpressed in LUSC tissues and radioresistant cells comspared with adjacent tissues and parental cells, respectively. The binding between SPI1 and TPX2 or RNF2 promoter was investigated using ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase assays. SPI1 bound to TPX2 and RNF2 promoters and activated their transcription. SPI1 downregulation increased the radiosensitivity of LUSC cells, which was comprised by TPX2 or RNF2 overexpression. Meanwhile, SPI1 downregulation elevated the protein expression of γH2AX at the late stage of DNA damage response and suppressed DNA damage repair in LUSC cells, which were compromised by TPX2 or RNF2. These results indicate that SPI1 silencing potentiates radiosensitivity in LUSC cells by downregulating the transcription of TPX2 and RNF2, which provides a potential target for the radiotherapy in LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jinlei Guan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jingwei Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China
| | - Sui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, PR China.
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Qiu L, Yue J, Ding L, Yin Z, Zhang K, Zhang H. Cancer-associated fibroblasts: An emerging target against esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 546:215860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Wu YZ, Su YH, Kuo CY. Stressing the Regulatory Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Cellular Stress Response during Cancer Progression and Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051212. [PMID: 35625948 PMCID: PMC9138696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response is an important adaptive mechanism for regulating cell fate decision when cells confront with stress. During tumorigenesis, tumor progression and the course of treatment, cellular stress signaling can activate subsequent response to deal with stress. Therefore, cellular stress response has impacts on the fate of tumor cells and tumor responsiveness relative to therapeutic agents. In recent years, attention has been drawn to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which has little protein-coding potential and possesses various functions in multiple biological processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that lncRNAs are also engaged in the regulation of cellular stress response, particularly in cancers. Here, we summarize lncRNAs that have been reported in the adaptive response to major types of cellular stress including genotoxic, hypoxic, oxidative, metabolic and endoplasmic reticulum stress, all of which are often encountered by cancer cells. Specifically, the molecular mechanisms of how lncRNAs regulate cellular stress response during tumor progression or the development of therapy resistance are emphasized. The potential clinical applications of stress-responsive lncRNAs as biomarkers will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Yong-Han Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 66909)
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Verhulst E, Garnier D, De Meester I, Bauvois B. Validating Cell Surface Proteases as Drug Targets for Cancer Therapy: What Do We Know, and Where Do We Go? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:624. [PMID: 35158891 PMCID: PMC8833564 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteases (also known as ectoproteases) are transmembrane and membrane-bound enzymes involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Several members, most notably dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26) and its related family member fibroblast activation protein (FAP), aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17/TACE), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP2 and MMP9, are often overexpressed in cancers and have been associated with tumour dysfunction. With multifaceted actions, these ectoproteases have been validated as therapeutic targets for cancer. Numerous inhibitors have been developed to target these enzymes, attempting to control their enzymatic activity. Even though clinical trials with these compounds did not show the expected results in most cases, the field of ectoprotease inhibitors is growing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on this subject and highlights the recent development of more effective and selective drugs targeting ectoproteases among which small molecular weight inhibitors, peptide conjugates, prodrugs, or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and derivatives. These promising avenues have the potential to deliver novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Verhulst
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.V.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Delphine Garnier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.V.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Brigitte Bauvois
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Cell Death and Drug Resistance in Lymphoproliferative Disorders Team, F-75006 Paris, France;
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Prognostic Biomarkers in Uveal Melanoma: The Status Quo, Recent Advances and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010096. [PMID: 35008260 PMCID: PMC8749988 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although rare, uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common cancer that develops inside adult eyes. The prognosis is poor, since 50% of patients will develop lethal metastases in the first decade, especially to the liver. Once metastases are detected, life expectancy is limited, given that the available treatments are mostly unsuccessful. Thus, there is a need to find methods that can accurately predict UM prognosis and also effective therapeutic strategies to treat this cancer. In this manuscript, we initially compile the current knowledge on epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular features of UM. Then, we cover the most relevant prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of UM patients. Afterwards, we highlight emerging molecular markers in UM published over the last three years. Finally, we discuss the problems preventing meaningful advances in the treatment and prognostication of UM patients, as well as forecast new roadblocks and paths of UM-related research. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant intraocular tumour in the adult population. It is a rare cancer with an incidence of nearly five cases per million inhabitants per year, which develops from the uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes in the choroid (≈90%), ciliary body (≈6%) or iris (≈4%). Patients initially present either with symptoms like blurred vision or photopsia, or without symptoms, with the tumour being detected in routine eye exams. Over the course of the disease, metastases, which are initially dormant, develop in nearly 50% of patients, preferentially in the liver. Despite decades of intensive research, the only approach proven to mildly control disease spread are early treatments directed to ablate liver metastases, such as surgical excision or chemoembolization. However, most patients have a limited life expectancy once metastases are detected, since there are limited therapeutic approaches for the metastatic disease, including immunotherapy, which unlike in cutaneous melanoma, has been mostly ineffective for UM patients. Therefore, in order to offer the best care possible to these patients, there is an urgent need to find robust models that can accurately predict the prognosis of UM, as well as therapeutic strategies that effectively block and/or limit the spread of the metastatic disease. Here, we initially summarized the current knowledge about UM by compiling the most relevant epidemiological, clinical, pathological and molecular data. Then, we revisited the most important prognostic factors currently used for the evaluation and follow-up of primary UM cases. Afterwards, we addressed emerging prognostic biomarkers in UM, by comprehensively reviewing gene signatures, immunohistochemistry-based markers and proteomic markers resulting from research studies conducted over the past three years. Finally, we discussed the current hurdles in the field and anticipated the future challenges and novel avenues of research in UM.
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