Content Analysis of Student Essays after Attending a Problem-Based Learning Course: Facilitating the Development of Critical Thinking and Communication Skills in Japanese Nursing Students

Application of problem based learning (PBL) and case based learning (CBL) in the teaching of international classification of diseases encoding

To study the application of PBL combined with CBL teaching mode in the teaching of international classification of diseases (ICD) encoding, so as to improve students' grasp of ICD encoding knowledge. From March 2020 to June 2020, 50 students majoring in health information management who were interns in a Grade A general hospital were selected as the research participants and randomly divided into experimental group and control group, 25 in each group. The experimental group and the control group adopted the PBL combined CBL teaching mode and the traditional teaching mode respectively to carry out the classification and coding teaching. The academic achievement of the two groups of students was evaluated by means of achievement assessment and questionnaire survey based on information processing theory. The scores of theoretical knowledge in the experimental group and the control group were 79.78 ± 8.55 and 70.92 ± 10.81, respectively, and the scores of skill operation in the two groups were 79.76 ± 8.28 and 70.00 ± 10.41, respectively. The test scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The scores of knowledge acquisition ability of experimental group and control group were 16.72 ± 1.79 and 16.60 ± 2.36, the scores of knowledge sharing ability were 24.20 ± 2.61 and 21.00 ± 2.65, the scores of knowledge storage ability were 20.80 ± 2.47 and 17.24 ± 4.90, respectively. The scores of knowledge application ability were 14.00 ± 1.80 and 11.00 ± 2.69, the scores of knowledge innovation ability were 20.16 ± 2.34 and 18.08 ± 3.70, and the total scores were 95.88 ± 6.08 and 83.92 ± 11.30, respectively. The scores of all questionnaires in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. The scores of knowledge sharing ability, knowledge storage ability, knowledge application ability, knowledge innovation ability and total score between the two groups were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). PBL combined with CBL teaching model has good academic achievement in ICD encoding teaching, which can significantly improve academic performance and learning ability, and is worthy of promotion.

Determinants of the Effectiveness of Using Renewable Resource Management-Based Simulations in the Development of Critical Thinking: An Application of the Experiential Learning Theory

The twenty-first century’s society experiences new challenges in being immersed in a new paradigm of the educational system. Higher education institutions should train professionals so that they are able to experience real situations in order to encourage reflection on affective, aesthetic, and ethical dimensions of these people in their relations with the natural and sociocultural environment. Learning strategies must allow the acquisition of creative, active, and applied knowledge as well as the development of critical thinking. According to the experiential learning theory, to achieve this, higher education should use student-centered interactive and collaborative teaching methodologies and focus studies on the skills that graduates must have, promoting student know-how, initiative, and autonomous learning. Business simulations are instruments that fulfil the above characteristics, facilitating learning. The objective of this research was to provide a model that identifies the determining factors (simulation’s realism and structure, perceived usefulness, and students’ learning motivation) in the effectiveness of using these tools to develop critical thinking focused on sustainability. Three hundred and twenty-six surveys completed by undergraduate students were obtained, which used a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the influence of realism, simulation structure, perceived usefulness, and students’ motivations to develop critical thinking. The outcomes according to the experiential learning theory showed that the game’s realism lets students perceive its usefulness and, together with an adequate simulation structure, determines the students’ learning motivations by developing critical thinking.

Critical Thinking and Scientific Writing Skills of Non-Anglophone Medical Students: a Model of Training Course

There are currently very limited reports on the strengths and weaknesses of Japanese medical students in processing (i.e., searching, reading, synthesizing, writing, editing, refining) and presenting medical content based on scholarly journal articles. We developed and offered a 3-week group independent research course in English as a summer elective named "Improving Medical English Skills and Creating English Medical Content (PPT and video) Based on Medical Journal Articles" to our fourth-year Japanese medical students who follow a 6-year medical curriculum as the target audience. Herein, we describe the specific strengths and weaknesses of 6 students who chose and completed the course. Thereafter, we assessed the possible reasons underlying these weaknesses, pondered on the potential implications of such weaknesses on the critical thinking, logical reasoning, and communication skills of Japanese medical students, and suggested approaches to further enhance these skills. The assessments, implications, and suggestions given may provide medical educators new insights on how to newly organize educational and clinical programs to address such weaknesses, improve searching, reading, writing, editing, and presentation skills, enhance critical thinking and logical reasoning abilities, and gain in-depth knowledge essential for effectively appraising and communicating medical content.