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Abugisisa L, Royse EX, Kemp MW, Jobe AH, Hillman NH. Preterm ovine respiratory epithelial cell responses to mechanical ventilation, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-13. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L815-L824. [PMID: 37096911 PMCID: PMC10259867 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00355.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation causes airway injury, respiratory epithelial cell proliferation, and lung inflammation in preterm sheep. Whether preterm epithelial cells respond similarly to adult epithelial cells or are altered by mechanical ventilation is unknown. We test the hypothesis that mechanical ventilation alters the responses of preterm airway epithelium to stimulation in culture. Respiratory epithelial cells from the trachea, left mainstem bronchi (LMSB), and distal bronchioles were harvested from unventilated preterm lambs, ventilated preterm lambs, and adult ewes. Epithelial cells were grown in culture or on air-liquid interface (ALI) and challenged with combinations of either media only, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL), bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), or interleukin-13 (IL-13). Cell lysates were evaluated for mRNA changes in cytokine, cell type markers, Notch pathway, and acute phase markers. Mechanical ventilation altered preterm respiratory epithelium cell types. Preterm respiratory epithelial cells responded to LPS in culture with larger IL-8 induction than adults, and mechanical ventilation further increased cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA induction at 2 h. IL-8 protein is detected in cell media after LPS stimulation. The addition of BALF from ventilated preterm animals increased IL-1β mRNA to LPS (fivefold) in both preterm and adult cells and suppressed IL-8 mRNA (twofold) in adults. Preterm respiratory epithelial cells, when grown on ALI, responded to IL-13 with an increase in goblet cell mRNA. Preterm respiratory epithelial cells responded to LPS and IL-13 with responses similar to adults. Mechanical ventilation or exposure to BALF from mechanically ventilated animals alters the responses to LPS.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Preterm lamb respiratory epithelial cells can be extracted from the trachea and bronchi and frozen, and the preterm cells can respond in culture to stimulation with LPS or IL-13. Brief mechanical ventilation changes the distribution and cell type of preterm respiratory cells toward an adult phenotype, and mechanical ventilation alters the response to LPS in culture. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from preterm lambs receiving mechanical ventilation also alters unventilated preterm and adult responses to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leenah Abugisisa
- Division of Neonatology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Emily X Royse
- Division of Neonatology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Center for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan H Jobe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Noah H Hillman
- Division of Neonatology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Zhang X, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Zhang X, Burleson JD, Brandt EB, Ji H. Diesel exhaust and house dust mite allergen lead to common changes in the airway methylome and hydroxymethylome. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2018; 4:dvy020. [PMID: 30090644 PMCID: PMC6063278 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) from traffic and house dust mite (HDM) allergens significantly increase risks of airway diseases, including asthma. This negative impact of DEP and HDM may in part be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Beyond functioning as a mechanical barrier, airway epithelial cells provide the first line of immune defense towards DEP and HDM exposures. To understand the epigenetic responses of airway epithelial cells to these exposures, we exposed human bronchial epithelial cells to DEP and HDM and studied genome-wide 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) at base resolution. We found that exposures to DEP and HDM result in elevated TET1 and DNMT1 expression, associated with 5mC and 5hmC changes. Interestingly, over 20% of CpG sites are responsive to both exposures and changes in 5mC at these sites negatively correlated with gene expression differences. These 5mC and 5hmC changes are located in genes and pathways related to oxidative stress responses, epithelial function and immune cell responses and are enriched for binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) involved in these pathways. Histone marks associated with promoters, enhancers and actively transcribed gene bodies were associated with exposure-induced DNA methylation changes. Collectively, our data suggest that exposures to DEP and HDM alter 5mC and 5hmC levels at regulatory regions bound by TFs, which coordinate with histone marks to regulate gene networks of oxidative stress responses, epithelial function and immune cell responses. These observations provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate the epithelial responses to DEP and HDM in airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Pyrosequencing Lab for Genomic and Epigenomic Research
- Division of Human Genetics
| | | | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Genomics, Epigenomics and Sequencing Core, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J D Burleson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric B Brandt
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Pyrosequencing Lab for Genomic and Epigenomic Research
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Turner S, Custovic A, Ghazal P, Grigg J, Gore M, Henderson J, Lloyd CM, Marsland B, Power UF, Roberts G, Saglani S, Schwarze J, Shields M, Bush A. Pulmonary epithelial barrier and immunological functions at birth and in early life - key determinants of the development of asthma? A description of the protocol for the Breathing Together study. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:60. [PMID: 30191183 PMCID: PMC6097397 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Childhood asthma is a common complex condition whose aetiology is thought to involve gene-environment interactions in early life occurring at the airway epithelium, associated with immune dysmaturation. It is not clear if abnormal airway epithelium cell (AEC) and cellular immune system functions associated with asthma are primary or secondary. To explore this, we will (i) recruit a birth cohort and observe the evolution of respiratory symptoms; (ii) recruit children with and without asthma symptoms; and (iii) use existing data from children in established STELAR birth cohorts. Novel pathways identified in the birth cohort will be sought in the children with established disease. Our over-arching hypothesis is that epithelium function is abnormal at birth in babies who subsequently develop asthma and progression is driven by abnormal interactions between the epithelium, genetic factors, the developing immune system, and the microbiome in the first years of life. Methods. One thousand babies will be recruited and nasal AEC collected at 5-10 days after birth for culture. Transcriptomes in AEC and blood leukocytes and the upper airway microbiome will be determined in babies and again at one and three years of age. In a subset of 100 individuals, AEC transcriptomes and microbiomes will also be assessed at three and six months. Individuals will be assigned a wheeze category at age three years. In a cross sectional study, 300 asthmatic and healthy children aged 1 to 16 years will have nasal and bronchial AEC collected for culture and transcriptome analysis, leukocyte transcriptome analysis, and upper and lower airway microbiomes ascertained. Genetic variants associated with asthma symptoms will be confirmed in the STELAR cohorts. Conclusions. This study is the first to comprehensively study the temporal relationship between aberrant AEC and immune cell function and asthma symptoms in the context of early gene-microbiome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, UK
| | - Adnan Custovic
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Peter Ghazal
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mindy Gore
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - John Henderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ben Marsland
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004 , Australia
| | - Ultan F Power
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, PO30 5TG, UK
| | - Sejal Saglani
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health and MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 1UW, UK
| | - Michael Shields
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andrew Bush
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, SW3 6NP, UK
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Turner S, Miller D, Walsh GM, Scaife A, Power UF, Shields MD, Devereux G. Pro-inflammatory mediator responses from neonatal airway epithelial cells and early childhood wheeze. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:10-16. [PMID: 29136347 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cell (AEC) function differs between children with and without asthma. Here, we associated neonatal AEC function with asthma symptoms at 4 years of age. METHODS Nasal AEC were collected from neonates within 48 h of birth. Cells were cultured and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha/interleukin-1 beta (TNFα/IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or house dust mite (HDM). Absolute concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators in the culture supernatant were quantified and expressed as median [interquartile range] in pg/mg protein. A parent-completed respiratory questionnaire was returned when the child was 4 years old. RESULTS AEC were successfully cultured in 139 neonates, of whom 120 were contacted at 4 years and 91 (76%) questionnaires were returned. Sixteen children had wheezed ever and 11 had recent wheeze. At birth, when compared to those with no recent wheeze, supernatants from cultured neonatal AEC from the children with recent wheeze had reduced median IL-8 (CXCL8) release after treatment with culture medium alone (P = 0.049), with TNFα/IL-1β (P < 0.001) and LPS (P = 0.004). Additionally, and when compared to those with no recent wheeze, 4 year olds with recent wheeze had reduced neonatal AEC release of IL-6 (P = 0.013), GMCSF (P = 0.012), and ICAM-1 (P = 0.017) after treatment with TNFα/IL-1β and reduced release of ICAM-1 (P = 0.038) and RANTES (P = 0.042) after treatment with HDM. CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities in AEC function are present at birth before the onset of childhood wheeze. The relationship between reduced AEC function at birth and wheeze at 4 years was not exclusive, suggesting that post-natal factors are required for the AEC abnormality to translate into symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, United Kingdom
| | - David Miller
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, United Kingdom
| | - Garry M Walsh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Scaife
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Ultan F Power
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Queens' University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Shields
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Queens' University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Devereux
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZG, United Kingdom
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Royer PJ, Henrio K, Pain M, Loy J, Roux A, Tissot A, Lacoste P, Pison C, Brouard S, Magnan A. TLR3 promotes MMP-9 production in primary human airway epithelial cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Respir Res 2017; 18:208. [PMID: 29237464 PMCID: PMC5729411 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway epithelial cells (AEC) act as the first line of defence in case of lung infections. They constitute a physical barrier against pathogens and they participate in the initiation of the immune response. Yet, the modalities of pathogen recognition by AEC and the consequences on the epithelial barrier remain poorly documented. Method We investigated the response of primary human AEC to viral (polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, poly(I:C)) and bacterial (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) stimulations in combination with the lung remodeling factor Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β). Results We showed a strong production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor α, TNFα) or chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10, CXCL11) by AEC stimulated with poly(I:C). Cytokine and chemokine production, except CXCL10, was Toll Like Receptor (TLR)-3 dependent and although they express TLR4, we found no cytokine production after LPS stimulation. Poly(I:C), but not LPS, synergised with TGF-β for the production of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and fibronectin. Mechanistic analyses suggest the secretion of Wnt ligands by AEC along with a degradation of the cellular junctions after poly(I:C) exposure, leading to the release of β-catenin from the cell membrane and stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion Our results highlight the cross talk between TGF-β and TLR signaling in bronchial epithelium and its impact on the remodeling process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0690-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-J Royer
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France.
| | - K Henrio
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
| | - M Pain
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
| | - J Loy
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
| | - A Roux
- Hopital Foch, Pneumology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center and Lung Transplantation Department,Suresnes, France, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UPRESS EA220, Montigny le Bretonneux, Grenoble, France
| | - A Tissot
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
| | - P Lacoste
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
| | - C Pison
- Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire de Bioénergétique Fondamentale et Appliquée, Inserm, 1055, Grenoble, France
| | - S Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CIC Biotherapy, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - A Magnan
- UMR_S 1087 CNRS UMR_6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, Centre National de Référence Mucoviscidose Nantes-Roscoff, Nantes, France
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Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Children's Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: An Editorial Reflection of Articles in the IJERPH Special Issue Entitled, "Children's Exposure to Environmental Contaminants". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111117. [PMID: 27834888 PMCID: PMC5129327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Children are at increased vulnerability to many environmental contaminants compared to adults due to their unique behavior patterns, increased contaminant intake per body weight, and developing biological systems. Depending upon their age, young children may crawl on the floor and may practice increased hand to mouth activity that may increase their dose-intake of specific contaminants that accumulate in dust and other matrices. Children are also smaller in size than adults, resulting in a greater body burden for a given contaminant dose. Because children undergo rapid transitions through particular developmental stages they are also especially vulnerable during certain growth-related time windows. A Special Issue was organized focused on the latest findings in the field of children’s environmental exposure for these reasons. This editorial introduces articles in this Special Issue and emphasizes their main findings in advancing the field. From the many articles submitted to this Special Issue from around the world, 23 were accepted and published. They focus on a variety of research areas such as children’s activity patterns, improved risk assessment methods to estimate exposures, and exposures in various contexts and to various contaminants. The future health of a nation relies on protecting the children from adverse exposures and understanding the etiology of childhood diseases. The field of children’s environmental exposures must consider improved and comprehensive research methods aimed at introducing mitigation strategies locally, nationally, and globally. We are happy to introduce a Special Issue focused on children’s environmental exposure and children’s health and hope that it contributes towards improved health of children.
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