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Lampert R, Chung EH, Ackerman MJ, Arroyo AR, Darden D, Deo R, Dolan J, Etheridge SP, Gray BR, Harmon KG, James CA, Kim JH, Krahn AD, La Gerche A, Link MS, MacIntyre C, Mont L, Salerno JC, Shah MJ. 2024 HRS expert consensus statement on arrhythmias in the athlete: Evaluation, treatment, and return to play. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02560-8. [PMID: 38763377 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Youth and adult participation in sports continues to increase, and athletes may be diagnosed with potentially arrhythmogenic cardiac conditions. This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide electrophysiologists, sports cardiologists, and associated health care team members in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of arrhythmic conditions in the athlete with the goal of facilitating return to sport and avoiding the harm caused by restriction. Expert, disease-specific risk assessment in the context of athlete symptoms and diagnoses is emphasized throughout the document. After appropriate risk assessment, management of arrhythmias geared toward return to play when possible is addressed. Other topics include shared decision-making and emergency action planning. The goal of this document is to provide evidence-based recommendations impacting all areas in the care of athletes with arrhythmic conditions. Areas in need of further study are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lampert
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eugene H Chung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Rajat Deo
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joe Dolan
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Belinda R Gray
- University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew D Krahn
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andre La Gerche
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Lluis Mont
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jack C Salerno
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maully J Shah
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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2
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Luo Y, Tang Y, Huang W, Xiong S, Long Y, Liu H. Age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) score as predictive values for late non-valvular atrial fibrillation recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. Clin Exp Hypertens 2023; 45:2207784. [PMID: 37161316 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2023.2207784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The clinical risk factors associated with late recurrence in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) (NVAF) undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) remain unknown. Furthermore, the current prognostic risk score system is commonly used in such patients as a noninvasive method to assess late AF recurrence. According to recent research, the Age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) score is a useful risk score for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. As a result, we hypothesized that pre-ablation ACEF score could be used to assess late recurrence in patients with NVAF. We included 325 NVAF patients undergoing RFCA. During a median follow-up period of 12 months, patients with late AF recurrence had higher ACEF scores (P < .001). The pre-ablation ACEF score was a risk factor for late AF recurrence after RFCA (P = .027). The ACEF score was a predictor of late AF recurrence after RFCA, with an AUC of 0.624 (P = .001). Moreover, the AUC of left atrial diameter (LAD) was 0.7 (P < .001), which was higher than the ACEF score, but no significant difference was found (P = .104). The ACEF score was positively correlated with LAD, advanced age, and B-type natriuretic peptide. In patients with NVAF, the pre-ablation ACEF score is a valuable risk score for assessing late AF recurrence after RFCA, as with LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tang
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchao Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Long
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiong Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Yang M, Yoo H, Kim SY, Kwon O, Nam MW, Pan KH, Kang MY. Occupational Risk Factors for Stroke: A Comprehensive Review. J Stroke 2023; 25:327-337. [PMID: 37813670 PMCID: PMC10574301 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
For primary prevention, it is important for public health and clinical medicine to identify and characterize modifiable risk factors of stroke. In existing literature, the impact of occupational variables on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke has been extensively studied. This review summarizes the available data on the significance of occupational variables in stroke. The results of this review suggest that there is sufficient evidence for the relationship between increased risk of stroke and job stress, working in extreme temperatures, long working hours, and/or shift work. The association between long working hours and occupational exposure to noise and chemicals remains inconclusive although several studies have reported this finding. This review will act as a step toward future research and provide information that may serve as a baseline for developing targeted interventions to prevent stroke in the working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munyoung Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoungseob Yoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ohwi Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Woo Nam
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Pan
- Department of Neurology, Anam Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mo-Yeol Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Lobo HM, Naves ÍG, Marçal SB, Canzi CC, Rodrigues ABS, Menezes Jr AS. Atrial Fibrillation in Endurance Training Athletes: Scoping Review. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:155. [PMID: 39077536 PMCID: PMC11264108 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2406155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Moderate regular physical activity is indicated to avoid atrial fibrillation (AF), whereas athletes should be counseled that long-lasting vigorous sports engagement may cause AF, according to the 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations for AF treatment. Exercise and AF are complex. Objectives To evaluate the relationship between Endurance training and AF, in addition to the starting point/trigger by which Endurance Training causes impairment of cardiac function and AF, considering the time and intensity of Endurance training. Materials and Methods We synthesized evidence from articles published in the PubMed, EMBASE, and SciELO databases using their respective Boolean operators. A total of 112 original articles related to AF and endurance athletes published up to the year 2023 were reviewed. Results Our study verified multiples aspects of the genesis of AF in athletes, such as cardiac adaptations to exercise, disturbances in cardiac injury biomarkers, sex differences in cardiac adaptations and their role in AF risk, and the relationship between body composition (height, weight, and physical fitness) and AF pathogenesis. Conclusions Variations in cardiac structure (increased atrial thickness and size in addition to myocardial fibrosis) and significant increases in vagal tone (sinus bradycardia and imbalances in sympathetic and parasympathetic activation) shorten the refractory period shortening in athletes, induce the onset of re-entrance mechanisms, and serve as ectopic triggers that can lead to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique M. Lobo
- Medical and Life Sciences School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, 74175-120 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ícaro G. Naves
- Medical and Life Sciences School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, 74175-120 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Silvia Botelho Marçal
- Internal Medicine Department, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Camila Cassia Canzi
- Medical and Life Sciences School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, 74175-120 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio S. Menezes Jr
- Medical and Life Sciences School, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, 74175-120 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Sertcakacilar G, Yildiz GO. Association between Anemia and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Clin Pract 2022; 12:533-544. [PMID: 35892443 PMCID: PMC9326761 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in older patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although many comorbidities are associated with NOAF, the effect of anemia on the onset of atrial fibrillation is still unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that anemia is associated with an increased risk of developing NOAF in critically ill patients in intensive care. We performed a retrospective analysis of critically ill patients who underwent routine hemoglobin and electrocardiography monitoring in the ICU. Receiver operating characteristics analysis determined the hemoglobin (Hb) value that triggered NOAF formation. Bivariate correlation was used to determine the relationship between anemia and NOAF. The incidence of NOAF was 9.9% in the total population, and 12.8% in the patient group with anemia. Analysis of 1931 patients revealed a negative association between anemia and the development of NOAF in the ICU. The stimulatory Hb cut-off value for the formation of NOAF was determined as 9.64 g/dL. Anemia is associated with the development of NOAF in critically ill patients in intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Sertcakacilar
- Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Science, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gunes Ozlem Yildiz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Science, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey;
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Xie L, Huang G, Gao M, Huang J, Li H, Xia H, Xiang X, Wu S, Ruan Y. Identification of Atrial Fibrillation-Related lncRNA Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8307975. [PMID: 35154514 PMCID: PMC8837454 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8307975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the world. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been found to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. However, the role of lncRNA in AF has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study is to identify the expression profile of lncRNA in AF patients, explore the function of lncRNA in AF, and provide a potential scientific basis for the treatment of AF in the future. METHODS The lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles were obtained from the atrial appendage samples of GSE31821, GSE411774, GSE79768, and GSE115574 in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional analysis was performed via Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). The "CIBERSORT" R kit was used to analyze 22 immune cell infiltrates in AF and sinus rhythm (SR) patients. The "CORRPLOT" R package was used to analyze the immune correlation between lncRNA and immune cells. RESULTS A total of 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 45 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the AF and SR groups. GO, KEGG, and GSVA results showed that abnormally expressed lncRNAs were involved in signaling pathways related to the atrium, including the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that native B cells, follicular helper T cells, and resting dendritic cells may be involved in the AF process. In addition, LINC00844 was negatively correlated with resting dendritic cells. CONCLUSION The expression profile of lncRNA in AF patients was different from that in normal controls. The physiological functions of these differentially expressed lncRNAs may be related to the pathogenesis of AF, which provide a scientific basis for the prognosis and treatment of patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangzhen Xie
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - GuanShen Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Mingjian Gao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hai Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiuting Xiang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Saizhu Wu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunjun Ruan
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Jia S, Mou H, Wu Y, Lin W, Zeng Y, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wang W, Feng C, Xia S. A Simple Logistic Regression Model for Predicting the Likelihood of Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation Within 1 Year After Initial Radio-Frequency Catheter Ablation Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:819341. [PMID: 35155619 PMCID: PMC8828909 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.819341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical factors associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (Af) in patients undergoing catheter ablation (CA) are still ambiguous to date. Purpose 1. To recognize preoperative serologic factors and clinical features associated with Af recurrence after the first ablation treatment. 2. To Develop a Logical Regression Model for Predicting the Likelihood of Recurrence Within 1 Year After the Initial Radio-Frequency Catheter Ablation (RFCA) Therapy. Methods Atrial fibrillation patients undergoing RFCA at our institution from January 2016 to June 2021 were included in the analysis (n = 246). A combined dataset of relevant parameters was collected from the participants (clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and time to recurrence) (n = 200). We performed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression with 100 cycles, selecting variables present in all 100 cycles to identify factors associated with the first recurrence of atrial fibrillation. A logistic regression model for predicting whether Af would recur within a year was created using 70% of the data as a training set and the remaining data to validate the accuracy. The predictions were assessed using calibration plots, concordance index (C-index), and decision curve analysis. Results The left atrial diameter, albumin, type of Af, whether other arrhythmias were combined, and the duration of Af attack time were associated with Af recurrence in this sample. Some clinically meaningful variables were selected and combined with recognized factors associated with recurrence to construct a logistic regression prediction model for 1-year Af recurrence. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for this model was 0.8695, and the established prediction model had a C-index of 0.83. The performance was superior to the extreme curve in the decision curve analysis. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that several clinical features and serological markers can predict the recurrence of Af in patients undergoing RFCA. This simple model can play a crucial role in guiding physicians in preoperative evaluation and clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Jia
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Haochen Mou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiteng Wu
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Wenting Lin
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yajing Zeng
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Yayu Chen
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Shudong Xia
- Department of Heart Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- *Correspondence: Shudong Xia
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Scarfò G, Fusi J, Franzoni F. Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Induced by Ice-Cold Water Ingestion in a Triathlete: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e931460. [PMID: 34280178 PMCID: PMC8311385 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.931460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 35-year-old Final Diagnosis: Swallowing-induced atrial fibrillation Symptoms: Atrial fibrillation Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology • Sports Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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9
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Cao L, Zhang Y, Huang R, Li L, Xia F, Zou L, Yu Q, Lin J, Herold F, Perrey S, Mueller P, Dordevic M, Loprinzi PD, Wang Y, Ma Y, Zeng H, Qu S, Wu J, Ren Z. Structural and functional brain signatures of endurance runners. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 226:93-103. [PMID: 33159547 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although endurance running (ER) seems to be a simple repetitive exercise, good ER performance also requires and relies on multiple cognitive and motor control processes. Most of previous neuroimaging studies on ER were conducted using a single MRI modality, yet no multimodal study to our knowledge has been performed in this regard. In this study, we used multimodal MRI data to investigate the brain structural and functional differences between endurance runners (n = 22; age = 26.27 ± 6.07 years; endurance training = 6.23 ± 2.41 years) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 20; age = 24.60 ± 4.14 years). Compared with the HCs, the endurance runners showed greater gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical surface area in the left precentral gyrus, which at the same time had higher functional connectivity (FC) with the right postcentral and precentral gyrus. Subcortically, the endurance runners showed greater GMV in the left hippocampus and regional inflation in the right hippocampus. Using the bilateral hippocampi as seeds, further seed-based FC analyses showed higher hippocampal FC with the supplementary motor area, middle cingulate cortex, and left posterior lobe of the cerebellum. Moreover, compared with the HCs, the endurance runners also showed higher fractional anisotropy in several white matter regions, involving the corpus callosum, left internal capsule, left corona radiata, left external capsule, left posterior lobe of cerebellum and bilateral precuneus. Taken together, our findings provide several lines of evidence for the brain structural and functional differences between endurance runners and HCs. The current data suggest that these brain characteristics may have arisen as a result of regular ER training; however, whether they represent the neural correlates underlying the good ER performances of the endurance runners requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Lunxiong Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Fengguang Xia
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jingyuan Lin
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stephane Perrey
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Exercise & Memory Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yudan Ma
- Jilin Institute of Sport Science, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hongfa Zeng
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Sicen Qu
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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