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Şahan S, Güler S, Korkmaz E. Implementation of stethoscope disinfection: an observational study on nursing staff practice and knowledge. GMS HYGIENE AND INFECTION CONTROL 2024; 19:Doc30. [PMID: 38883408 PMCID: PMC11177224 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infections cause high mortality and morbidity, and lack of stethoscope disinfection is one of the reasons for healthcare-associated infections. Nurses who frequently use stethoscopes in the clinic do not disinfect stethoscopes at high rates. This study aimed to identify the frequency of stethoscope disinfection by nurses and their knowledge about the same. Methods This was a mixed-methods observational study. The quantitative part of the study included 202 nurses, the qualitative part included 12. Two researchers who made observations during stethoscope use recorded the procedures the nurses performed on the "Observation Form". Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted based on phenomenological methods. Results 23.7% of the nurses disinfected their stethoscopes before contact with patients, 11.8% after contact with patients and 6.4% before and after contact with patients. The nurses used a stethoscope on an average of 7.42 patients without disinfecting it. In the qualitative interview, some nurses stated that they did not have information about the disinfectants to be used for stethoscopes and their effectiveness. Some of the participants in the present study stated that they did not receive training on stethoscope disinfection and that they did not know that there were guidelines about it. Conclusion Since there were deficiencies in the implementation of stethoscope disinfection as well as knowledge, the transfer of knowledge in this context must receive more attention in education and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Şahan
- İzmir Bakircay University, Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevil Güler
- Erciyes University, Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Kayseri, Turkey
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2
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Croke L. Guideline for Surgical Attire. AORN J 2024; 119:P4-P6. [PMID: 38275254 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.14088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
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Jovanovic A, Paunovic K, Ercegovac M, Popovic D, Davidovic D. Personal stethoscope disinfection practices and bacterial contamination: A cross-sectional study at the University Hospital Emergency Department in Belgrade, Serbia. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:176-182. [PMID: 37598902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant reduction in bacterial growth on stethoscope membranes has been noticed after performing daily disinfection. Nevertheless, disinfection is rarely performed. We aimed to assess self-reported stethoscope disinfection practices among medical doctors, detect bacterial contamination on personal stethoscopes, and estimate the effectiveness of 70% ethanol as a stethoscope disinfecting agent. METHODS To determine stethoscope disinfection practices, participants filled out a questionnaire (N = 47), followed by providing stethoscopes for bacterial analysis. Differences in bacterial contamination were observed through the self-reported frequency and method of stethoscope disinfection. The effect of disinfecting with 70% ethanol was evaluated by comparing the presence of bacterial growth before and after disinfection. RESULTS The presence of bacterial growth was found in 78.7% of the stethoscope samples, with the median (interquartile range) number of colony-forming units at 25 (10-105). The frequency of disinfection greatly impacted the number of colony-forming units, and the method affected the presence of bacterial growth. Disinfection of stethoscope membranes using 70% ethanol resulted in a compelling 97.3% reduction of bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS Adequate stethoscope disinfection is highly efficient in reducing bacterial contamination and as such should be considered a critical step in hygienic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jovanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Paunovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Ercegovac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Popovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Davidovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Yu P, Yang R, Cen C. Evaluation of the prevention effect of high-quality nursing quality control in disinfection supply center on nosocomial infection. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35459. [PMID: 38215132 PMCID: PMC10783402 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the application effect of high-quality nursing quality control in disinfection supply center. The control group consisted of 1850 medical devices managed using the conventional quality control mode from January 2021 to December 2021, while the observation group consisted of 1900 medical devices managed using the high-quality nursing quality control mode from January 2022 to December 2022. The qualified rates of equipment cleaning, sterilization, and packaging were analyzed in both the observation and control groups. The occurrence of nosocomial infections in 2021 and 2022 were compared, and the changes in the Beck-Srivaatava stress scale index (BSSI) and Symptom Checklist-90 scores of the staff before and after implementing the high-quality nursing quality control mode were analyzed. The qualified rate of equipment cleaning, sterilization, and packaging in the observation group were 99.08%, 99.73%, and 99.78%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The incidence of nosocomial infections in interventional and surgical cases in 2022 was 0.79%, which was significantly lower than that in 2021 (P < .05). The BSSI score of female staff was (68.76 ± 7.81) points, which was higher than that of male staff (P < .05). After the implementation of the high-quality nursing quality control mode, the BSSI score of the staff was (47.76 ± 9.12) points, which was significantly lower than that before implementation (P < .05). After the implementation of the high-quality nursing quality control mode, the staff's Symptom Checklist-90 scores for somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoia were (1.28 ± 0.29), (1.53 ± 0.24), (1.50 ± 0.21), (1.46 ± 0.32), (1.44 ± 0.26), and (1.38 ± 0.30) points, respectively, showing a decrease compared to before implementation (P < .05). The high-quality nursing quality control mode has great application value in the disinfection supply center. It can effectively improve the qualified rates of equipment cleaning, sterilization, and packaging, prevent nosocomial infections and improve the working pressure and psychological health of staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Nursing, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Changfei Cen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renhe Hospital Affiliated to China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Nazari-Shafti TZ, Meyborg H, Iske J, Schloss M, Seeber F, Friedrich A, Exarchos V, Richter A, Falk V, Emmert MY. A clinical study to evaluate the safe and effective use of a new, single use stethoscope cover to enable reduction in pathogen transmission during auscultation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1179145. [PMID: 37425319 PMCID: PMC10324409 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1179145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Stethoscopes carry a significant risk for pathogen transmission. Here, the safe use and performance of a new, non-sterile, single-use stethoscope cover (SC), that is impermeable for pathogens, was investigated by different healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the postoperative care setting of an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Fifty-four patients underwent routine auscultations with the use of the SC (Stethoglove®, Stethoglove GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). The participating HCPs (n = 34) rated each auscultation with the SC on a 5-point Likert scale. The mean ratings of acoustic quality and the SC handling were defined as primary and secondary performance endpoint. Results 534 auscultations with the SC were performed (average 15.7/user) on the lungs (36.1%), the abdomen (33.2%), the heart (28.8%), or other body-sites (1.9%). No adverse device-effects occurred. The acoustic quality was rated at 4.2 ± 0.7 (mean) with a total of 86.1% of all auscultations being rated at least as 4/5, and with no rating as below 2. The SC handling was rated at 3.7 ± 0.8 (mean) with a total of 96.4% of all auscultations being rated at least 3/5. Conclusion Using a real-world setting, this study demonstrates that the SC can be safely and effectively used as cover for stethoscopes during auscultation. The SC may therefore represent a useful and easy-to-implement tool for preventing stethoscope-mediated infections.Study Registration: EUDAMED no. CIV-21-09-037762.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Meyborg
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasper Iske
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schloss
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Seeber
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aljona Friedrich
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasileios Exarchos
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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TALAGA-ĆWIERTNIA KATARZYNA, OCHOŃSKA DOROTA, GAJDA MATEUSZ, KOWALCZYK MONIKA, PALCZEWSKA MAGDALENA, BRZYCHCZY-WŁOCH MONIKA. Stethoscopes or Maybe "Bacterioscopes" - Is hand Hygiene Solely Capable of Preventing Hospital-Associated Infections? Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:79-91. [PMID: 36929886 PMCID: PMC10280307 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The stethoscope remains an indispensable diagnostic tool for medical students. Improper stethoscope hygiene may cause bacterial infections, including hospital-associated infections (HAIs), which challenge the Polish medical system. The study's main objective was to evaluate the hygiene habits declared by medical students. Moreover, microbiological control with the characteristics of potentially pathogenic microorganisms was performed. The study included 66 medical students from the Faculty of Medicine at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Cracow, Poland. The participants filled in an anonymous questionnaire. Stethoscope contamination was assessed through isolation, identification, testing of antibiotic resistance, and clonality of the isolates bacterial pathogens. The survey showed that only 30.3% of students cleaned their stethoscopes after each patient, and 1.5% never did this. Of the 66 stethoscopes tested, 100% were positive for bacterial growth. Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequently isolated contaminant (50.5%). The questionnaire results demonstrated the necessity of the validated procedures for cleaning the stethoscopes. Stethoscopes used by medical students are contaminated with numerous bacterial species, including multidrug-resistant organisms. The clonal structure of the MRSA and MRSE populations acquired from stethoscopes has been demonstrated. Our results confirm the possibility that these medical devices mediate the spread of hazardous pathogens in the hospital environment. Practical exercises are essential to forming the correct hygiene habits involving stethoscopes, which enable practicing and checking the correctness of the established skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- KATARZYNA TALAGA-ĆWIERTNIA
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - DOROTA OCHOŃSKA
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - MATEUSZ GAJDA
- Students’ Scientific Group of Microbiology at the Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Angiology Department, University Hospital in Cracow, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - MONIKA KOWALCZYK
- Students’ Scientific Group of Microbiology at the Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Department of Neurology with a Stroke Unit, Żeromski Specialist Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - MAGDALENA PALCZEWSKA
- Students’ Scientific Group of Microbiology at the Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology Clinical Department, University Hospital of Cracow, Cracow, Poland
| | - MONIKA BRZYCHCZY-WŁOCH
- Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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7
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Decreasing Pathogen Transmission From Stethoscopes. AORN J 2022; 116:P16. [PMID: 35880917 DOI: 10.1002/aorn.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Impact of alcohol-based hand-rub disinfection on bacterial bioburden on stethoscopes in a real-world clinical setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2022:1-3. [DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this randomized study, use of alcohol-based hand-rub disinfection significantly reduced bacterial bioburden of stethoscopes in routine clinical use. Prior cleaning of stethoscopes on the study day did not affect baseline contamination rates, which suggests that the efficacy of alcohol disinfection is short-lived and may need to be repeated between patients.
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In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Different Lights and Combined or Uncombined with Chlorhexidine on Candida spp. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081176. [PMID: 34452140 PMCID: PMC8398142 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is very common and complicated to treat in some cases due to increased resistance to antifungals. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative treatment. It is based on the principle that light of a specific wavelength activates a photosensitizer molecule resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species that are able to kill pathogens. The aim here is the in vitro photoinactivation of three strains of Candida spp., Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258, using aPDT with different sources of irradiation and the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), alone or in combination with chlorhexidine (CHX). Irradiation was carried out at a fluence of 18 J/cm2 with a light-emitting diode (LED) lamp emitting in red (625 nm) or a white metal halide lamp (WMH) that emits at broad-spectrum white light (420–700 nm). After the photodynamic treatment, the antimicrobial effect is evaluated by counting colony forming units (CFU). MB-aPDT produces a 6 log10 reduction in the number of CFU/100 μL of Candida spp., and the combination with CHX enhances the effect of photoinactivation (effect achieved with lower concentration of MB). Both lamps have similar efficiencies, but the WMH lamp is slightly more efficient. This work opens the doors to a possible clinical application of the combination for resistant or persistent forms of Candida infections.
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O'Hearn K, Gertsman S, Sampson M, Webster R, Tsampalieros A, Ng R, Gibson J, Lobos AT, Acharya N, Agarwal A, Boggs S, Chamberlain G, Staykov E, Sikora L, McNally JD. Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:163-175. [PMID: 32687870 DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/29z6u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate supply of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers during a pandemic such as the novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health issue. The aim of this study was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for N95 FFR decontamination. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020176156) was conducted on UVGI in N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility and extracted predefined variables. Original research reporting on function, decontamination, or mask fit following UVGI were included. Thirteen studies were identified, comprising 54 UVGI intervention arms and 58 N95 models. FFRs consistently maintained certification standards following UVGI. Aerosol penetration averaged 1.19% (0.70-2.48%) and 1.14% (0.57-2.63%) for control and UVGI arms, respectively. Airflow resistance for the control arms averaged 9.79 mm H2O (7.97-11.70 mm H2O) vs 9.85 mm H2O (8.33-11.44 mm H2O) for UVGI arms. UVGI protocols employing a cumulative dose >20,000 J/m2 resulted in a 2-log reduction in viral load. A >3-log reduction was observed in seven UVGI arms using >40,000 J/m2. Impact of UVGI on fit was evaluated in two studies (16,200; 32,400 J/m2) and no evidence of compromise was found. Our findings suggest that further work in this area (or translation to a clinical setting) should use a cumulative UV-C dose of 40,000 J/m2 or greater, and confirm appropriate mask fit following decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Webster
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Tsampalieros
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Ng
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Gibson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A T Lobos
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Acharya
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Agarwal
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S Boggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Staykov
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J D McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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11
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O'Hearn K, Gertsman S, Sampson M, Webster R, Tsampalieros A, Ng R, Gibson J, Lobos AT, Acharya N, Agarwal A, Boggs S, Chamberlain G, Staykov E, Sikora L, McNally JD. Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation does not impair mask efficacy and safety. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:163-175. [PMID: 32687870 PMCID: PMC7367810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate supply of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) for healthcare workers during a pandemic such as the novel coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious public health issue. The aim of this study was to synthesize existing data on the effectiveness of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for N95 FFR decontamination. A systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42020176156) was conducted on UVGI in N95 FFRs using Embase, Medline, Global Health, Google Scholar, WHO feed, and MedRxiv. Two reviewers independently determined eligibility and extracted predefined variables. Original research reporting on function, decontamination, or mask fit following UVGI were included. Thirteen studies were identified, comprising 54 UVGI intervention arms and 58 N95 models. FFRs consistently maintained certification standards following UVGI. Aerosol penetration averaged 1.19% (0.70-2.48%) and 1.14% (0.57-2.63%) for control and UVGI arms, respectively. Airflow resistance for the control arms averaged 9.79 mm H2O (7.97-11.70 mm H2O) vs 9.85 mm H2O (8.33-11.44 mm H2O) for UVGI arms. UVGI protocols employing a cumulative dose >20,000 J/m2 resulted in a 2-log reduction in viral load. A >3-log reduction was observed in seven UVGI arms using >40,000 J/m2. Impact of UVGI on fit was evaluated in two studies (16,200; 32,400 J/m2) and no evidence of compromise was found. Our findings suggest that further work in this area (or translation to a clinical setting) should use a cumulative UV-C dose of 40,000 J/m2 or greater, and confirm appropriate mask fit following decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O'Hearn
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S Gertsman
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - M Sampson
- Library Services, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Webster
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Tsampalieros
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Ng
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Gibson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A T Lobos
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N Acharya
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - A Agarwal
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - S Boggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - G Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E Staykov
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L Sikora
- Health Sciences Library, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J D McNally
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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12
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Comparison of Effectiveness of 70%-isopropanol, 65%-ethanol and 1%-chlorhexidine for Stethoscope Decontamination. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.14.3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stethoscopes are potential vector for health care associated infections worldwide. Ethyl alcohol (EA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and chlorhexidine (CH) are widely used for disinfecting stethoscope, however, comparative analysis of these disinfectants are scarce. Hence this paper aims to compare the reduction in bioburden with respect to stethoscope decontamination. A randomized, double-blind study was undertaken from various categories of health care workers (HCW) working in various departments. Each participant was asked to fill a questionnaire and diaphragms of their stethoscopes were imprinted on blood agar and sabourauds dextrose agar before and after disinfection with either 65%-EA, 70%-IPA or 1%-CH. The culture plates were incubated aerobically and the growth was further identified. 384 HCW participated in the study. 168 participants never cleaned their stethoscope, out of which 147 respondents (91.6%) comprised of students. EA (47%) and IPA (23%) were the two major types of alcohols used as disinfecting agents. 280 samples showed growth among which 51.8% were potent pathogens. Before disinfection, Staphylococcus aureus (27%) was the predominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella (6.8%), Enterococcus and Candida respectively. Among the disinfectants used, maximum antimicrobial activity was exhibited by IPA (92.5%) compared to EA (82.5%) and CH (77.8%). Huge lacunae regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of stethoscope maintenance was found among student community. The microbial growth varies at various department. Disinfecting stethoscope with 70%-IPA for just 30 seconds is equally efficient compared to 1 minute and IPA was superior to EA and CH for decontaminating stethoscope. Stethoscopes are potential vector for health care associated infections worldwide. Ethyl alcohol (EA), isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and chlorhexidine (CH) are widely used for disinfecting stethoscope, however, comparative analysis of these disinfectants are scarce. Hence this paper aims to compare the reduction in bioburden with respect to stethoscope decontamination. A randomized, double-blind study was undertaken from various categories of health care workers (HCW) working in various departments. Each participant was asked to fill a questionnaire and diaphragms of their stethoscopes were imprinted on blood agar and sabourauds dextrose agar before and after disinfection with either 65%-EA, 70%-IPA or 1%-CH. The culture plates were incubated aerobically and the growth was further identified. 384 HCW participated in the study. 168 participants never cleaned their stethoscope, out of which 147 respondents (91.6%) comprised of students. EA (47%) and IPA (23%) were the two major types of alcohols used as disinfecting agents. 280 samples showed growth among which 51.8% were potent pathogens. Before disinfection, Staphylococcus aureus (27%) was the predominant pathogen, followed by Klebsiella (6.8%), Enterococcus and Candida respectively. Among the disinfectants used, maximum antimicrobial activity was exhibited by IPA (92.5%) compared to EA (82.5%) and CH (77.8%). Huge lacunae regarding knowledge, attitude and practice of stethoscope maintenance was found among student community. The microbial growth varies at various department. Disinfecting stethoscope with 70%-IPA for just 30 seconds is equally efficient compared to 1 minute and IPA was superior to EA and CH for decontaminating stethoscope.
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Patel L, Gandhi D, Beddow D. Controversies on the Stethoscope During COVID-19: A Necessary Tool or an Unnecessary Evil? Am J Med Sci 2020; 361:278-280. [PMID: 32736834 PMCID: PMC7336914 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Love Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Darshan Gandhi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David Beddow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Hospital, Allina Health, Coon Rapids, MN
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Atolani O, Baker MT, Adeyemi OS, Olanrewaju IR, Hamid AA, Ameen OM, Oguntoye SO, Usman LA. COVID-19: Critical discussion on the applications and implications of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:785-799. [PMID: 32636732 PMCID: PMC7332783 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi Atolani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Infectious Diseases, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oloduowo M. Ameen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Lamidi A. Usman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Atolani O, Baker MT, Adeyemi OS, Olanrewaju IR, Hamid AA, Ameen OM, Oguntoye SO, Usman LA. COVID-19: Critical discussion on the applications and implications of chemicals in sanitizers and disinfectants. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020. [PMID: 32636732 DOI: 10.17179/2fexcli2020-1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi Atolani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicinal Biochemistry, Infectious Diseases, Nanomedicine & Toxicology Laboratory, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-Aran 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Oloduowo M Ameen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Stephen O Oguntoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lamidi A Usman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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