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Leyva LR, Salguero A, Virgolini MB, Romero VL, Marengo L, Fabio MC, Morón I, Cendán CM, Pautassi RM. Binge eating promotes ethanol self-administration in female rats with a history of intermittent ethanol exposure at adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 243:109737. [PMID: 36535099 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethanol drinking begins during adolescence and, particularly when occurs in a binge-like pattern, exerts lingering adverse consequences. Pre-clinical studies indicate that intermittent ethanol exposure (IEA, a model of repeated ethanol intoxication), or binge eating (BE) can increase subsequent ethanol consumption. It is unknown if the promoting effects of BE upon ethanol drinking are found in female rats and are modulated by IEA at adolescence. This study assessed interactive effects between IEA and BE, upon ethanol drinking. METHODS Female Wistar rats were given 4.0 g/kg ethanol, every other day from postnatal day 25-45. At adulthood, they were exposed to sessions in which a brief offering of a sizeable portion of highly palatable sugary pills was followed by a 120-min exposure to an ethanol bottle. RESULTS Exploratory activity and recognition memory was not affected by the IEA. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation (measured in blood and brain at the end of the procedure) were not significantly affected by IEA or BE exposure. BE alone had a mild promoting effect on ethanol ingestion. Those rats that underwent IEA and BE, however, exhibited heightened and sustained ethanol self-administration (average of 2.12 g/kg/120 min, vs 1.15 g/kg/120 min of the other groups), that persisted throughout the BE sessions. IEA and a history of BE also promoted ethanol intake or preference in a two-bottle endpoint test. CONCLUSION The study suggests that exposure to IEA exerts, when followed by BE at adulthood, promoting effects upon ethanol intake, particularly at concentrations ≥ 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ruiz Leyva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Salguero
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Miriam Beatriz Virgolini
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Leonor Romero
- Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orsingher, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Técnicas (IFEC-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Marengo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - María Carolina Fabio
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Centre of Investigation of Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CIMCYC), Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC - CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, and is associated with significant comorbidity, with university students being particularly vulnerable. We aimed to assess associations of BED with a wide range of comorbidities and measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in university students, to gain better understanding of its prevalence, correlates and pathophysiology. METHODS We carried out an internet-based survey, assessing presence of BED using a validated structured self-report diagnostic tool, demographics, substance use, impulsive behaviors, psychiatric history, and measures of impulsivity and compulsivity. Approximately 10 000 students were invited to take part. Group differences between students with current BED and students without BED were investigated. RESULTS A total of 3415 students completed the survey, with 83 (2.4%) screening positive for BED. BED was associated with female gender, hazardous/harmful alcohol use, depression and anxiety symptoms, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, treatment for psychological/emotional problems (including prescribed medication) and trait impulsivity and compulsivity. However, the largest effect sizes were evident for associations with trait impulsivity and compulsivity. CONCLUSIONS The associations of BED with trait impulsivity and compulsivity implicate these latent phenotypes in its pathophysiology. The identified links between BED and a wide range of mental disorders highlight the need to screen for disordered eating in student populations, including when students present with other mental health conditions.
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Sampedro-Piquero P, Zancada-Menéndez C, Bernabéu-Brotons E, Moreno-Fernández RD. The Relationship between Binge Drinking and Binge Eating in Adolescence and Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:232. [PMID: 36612554 PMCID: PMC9819376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence and youth are critical periods in which alcohol consumption is usually initiated, especially in the form of binge drinking. In recent years, it is increasingly common to find adolescents and young people who also present binge behaviors towards unhealthy food with the aim of alleviating their anxiety (emotional eating) and/or because of impulsive personality. Despite the social and health relevance of this issue, it remains scarcely studied and more preventive research needs to be developed. Our meta-analysis study aimed to evaluate the relationship and co-occurrence of both binge behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood to clarify the link between binge drinking and eating. Selective literature search on different online databases was performed. We identified discrete but significant results regarding the direct association between binge drinking and binge eating in correlation coefficients and odds ratio. Future research should focus on the common psychological background and motives behind these problematic behaviors owing to their clinical implications for effective prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sampedro-Piquero
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Zancada-Menéndez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Bernabéu-Brotons
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Román D. Moreno-Fernández
- Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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Koo S, Kim JY, Park JH, Roh GS, Lim NK, Park HY, Kim WH. Binge alcohol drinking before pregnancy is closely associated with the development of macrosomia: Korean pregnancy registry cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271291. [PMID: 35819975 PMCID: PMC9275693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol drinking during pregnancy has been well-known to cause the detrimental effects on fetal development; however, the adverse effects of pre-pregnancy drinking are largely unknown. We investigate whether alcohol drinking status before pregnancy is associated with the risk for macrosomia, an offspring’s adverse outcome, in a Korean pregnancy registry cohort (n = 4,542) enrolled between 2013 and 2017. Methods Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on one occasion and ≥2 times a week, and a total 2,886 pregnant, included in the final statistical analysis, were divided into 3 groups: never, non-binge, and binge drinking. Results The prevalence of macrosomia was higher in binge drinking before pregnancy than those with never or non-binge drinking (7.5% vs. 3.2% or 2.9%, p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent association between macrosomia and prepregnancy binge drinking after adjusting for other confounders (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29; 95% CI, 1.08–4.86; p = 0.031). The model added binge drinking before pregnancy led to improvement of 10.6% (95% CI, 2.03–19.07; p = 0.0006) in discrimination from traditional risk prediction models. Conclusion Together, binge drinking before pregnancy might be an independent risk factor for developing macrosomia. Intensified intervention for drinking alcohol in women who are planning a pregnancy is important and may help prevent macrosomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Koo
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Converengence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Converengence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Converengence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Seob Roh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyoo Lim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Converengence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Converengence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Converengence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Miragall M, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Baños RM. Eating behaviors, eating styles and body mass index during COVID-19 confinement in a college sample: a predictive model. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35820922 PMCID: PMC9275146 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 confinement affected lifestyles. There is inconclusive evidence about changes in eating patterns, and there are few studies on the impact on body mass index (BMI), the occurrence of dysfunctional behaviors (binge eating, fat intake), and the predictive role of maladaptive eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). OBJECTIVES (1) To analyze the differences in binge eating, fat intake, BMI, and maladaptive eating styles before and during COVID-19 confinement, and (2) to analyze whether maladaptive eating styles (before confinement) predicted binge eating, fat intake, and BMI during confinement. METHODS The sample consisted of 146 Spanish college students, divided into 104 females (71.2%; age: M = 22.20, SD = 2.97) and 42 males (28.8%; age: M = 24.74; SD = 3.53). All completed several dietary measures and BMI twice: before COVID-19 confinement (T1, November 2019) and during COVID-19 confinement (T2, April 2020). RESULTS BMI and maladaptive eating styles did not change in T2 (vs. T1). However, binge eating and fat intake decreased in T2. Emotional eating at T1 positively predicted BMI and binge eating at T2. External eating at T1 positively (and marginally) predicted fat intake at T2. Restrained eating at T1 positively predicted binge eating at T2, and negatively (and marginally) predicted BMI and fat intake at T2. The model explained 80.5% of the variance in BMI, 41.5% of the variance in binge eating, and 25.8% of the variance in fat intake during COVID-19 confinement. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 confinement had a positive impact on some eating behaviors. Future policies should focus part of their prevention on maladaptive eating styles to curb dysfunctional eating behaviors and BMI problems in times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Sun FR, Wang BY. Alcohol and Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:719-730. [PMID: 34722187 PMCID: PMC8516839 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is based on the detection of liver steatosis together with the presence of metabolic dysfunction. According to this new definition, the diagnosis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease is independent of the amount of alcohol consumed. Actually, alcohol and its metabolites have various effects on metabolic-associated abnormalities during the process of alcohol metabolism. Studies have shown improved metabolic function in light to moderate alcohol drinkers. There are several studies focusing on the role of light to moderate alcohol intake on metabolic dysfunction. However, the results from studies are diverse, and the conclusions are often controversial. This review systematically discusses the effects of alcohol consumption, focusing on light to moderate alcohol consumption, obesity, lipid and glucose metabolism, and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing-Yuan Wang
- Correspondence to: Bing-Yuan Wang, Department of Elderly Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-6093. Tel: + 86-24-8328-3764, E-mail:
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7
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Rosen EM, Primeaux SD, Simon L, Welsh DA, Molina PE, Ferguson TF. Associations of Binge Drinking and Heavy Alcohol Use on Sugar and Fat Intake in a Cohort of Southern People Living with HIV. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:226-233. [PMID: 34611697 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether binge drinking and heavy alcohol use are associated with increased sugar and fat consumption among a Southern cohort of people living with HIV (PWH). METHODS This was a cross-sectional analysis of PWH enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol use in HIV (NOAH) Study (n = 215). Binge and heavy drinking were identified through a 30-day Alcohol Timeline-Followback and dietary intake was assessed through a 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS Participants were 65.4% male, 83.3% Black, with a mean age of 49.2 ± 9.9. Heavy drinkers consumed more total calories than abstainers (P = 0.035) and low-to-moderate drinkers (P = 0.024), and binge drinkers consumed more calories than non-binge drinkers (P = 0.025). Binge and heavy drinkers had significantly higher intake of total and saturated fat in grams. However, substantially increased caloric intake among these participants led to non-significant associations for alcohol use with high total and saturated fat intake as a percent of total energy intake (%TEI). Binge drinkers had lower odds of consuming high sugar as a %TEI (odds ratio: 0.31 [0.14, 0.68]). Additionally, sugar intake predicted total and saturated fat intake, and this association was slightly higher among binge drinkers (total fat P-value: 0.12). CONCLUSIONS In this population of PWH, while binge and heavy drinking predicted higher caloric and fat intake in grams, binge drinkers were less likely to consume a high-sugar diet. This analysis suggests that interventions focused on reduced alcohol use may be especially beneficial in reducing metabolic disease burden in PWH if supplemented with information on incorporating lower energy-dense foods with reduced fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Rosen
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Stefany D Primeaux
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Joint Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism Program, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Liz Simon
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonology, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tekeda F Ferguson
- Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Blanco-Gandia MC, Montagud-Romero S, Rodríguez-Arias M. Binge eating and psychostimulant addiction. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:517-529. [PMID: 34631457 PMCID: PMC8475000 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i9.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the various factors, characteristics, and variables involved in the addictive process can determine an individual’s vulnerability to develop drug addiction. Hedonic eating, based on pleasure rather than energy needs, modulates the same reward circuits, as do drugs of abuse. According to the last report of the World Health Organization, the worldwide obesity rate has more than doubled since 1980, reaching especially critical levels in children and young people, who are overexposed to high-fat, high-sugar, energy-dense foods. Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in the number of studies focused on how eating disorders can lead to the development of drug addiction and on the comorbidity that exists between the two disorders. Herein, we review the most recent research on the subject, focusing especially on animal models of binge eating disorders and drug addiction. The complex profile of patients with substance use and binge eating disorders requires an integrated response to dually diagnosed patients. Nutritional patterns should be considered an important variable in the treatment of substance use disorders, and future studies need to focus on specific treatments and interventions in individuals who show a special vulnerability to shift from one addiction to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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Kim J, Choi S, Kim H, An S. Binge Drinking and Obesity-Related Eating: The Moderating Roles of the Eating Broadcast Viewing Experience among Korean Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158066. [PMID: 34360359 PMCID: PMC8345399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a notable rise in binge drinking and in the popularity of eating broadcasts via TV and online platforms, especially in Korea. This study analyzed the moderating effect of the eating broadcast viewing experience on the relationship between binge drinking and obesity-related eating behaviors. Cross-sectional self-reported online survey data were collected from 1125 Korean adults. Moderation models for restrained, emotional, and external eating behaviors were tested using moderation analyses with Hayes’s PROCESS version 3.5 compatible with SPSS. As a result, the eating broadcast viewing experience moderated the relationship between binge drinking frequency and external eating (Fchange = 2.686, p = 0.045). More frequent binge drinking was associated with a higher level of external eating in participants who only watched online eating broadcasts, especially among women. Participants in their twenties showed the same above association; additionally, those who only watched TV eating broadcasts showed an inverse association, indicating that more frequent binge drinking was associated with a lower level of external eating. Consequently, an eating broadcast viewing experience was one of the environmental factors associated with binge drinking that influences obesity-related eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Saegyeol Choi
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea; (J.K.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4646
| | - Soontae An
- Department of Communication and Media, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
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