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Takahashi I, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Orui M, Noda A, Shinoda G, Nagami F, Hozawa A, Nishimura T, Tsuchiya KJ, Kuriyama S. Prospective associations of screen time at age 2 with specific behavioral subscales at age 3: a cohort study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024:fdae240. [PMID: 39263935 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to discover which, if any, of the subscales of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems at age 3 are still associated with screen time (ST) at age 2 after adjusting for behavioral problems scores at age 2. METHODS This study was conducted under the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Information was gathered prospectively, with 7207 mother-child pairs included in the analysis. Children's ST was categorized in hours a day at age 2 (<1, 1-<2, 2-<4, ≥4). We assessed children's behavioral problems using the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½-5 (CBCL) at ages 2 and 3. 'Having behavioral problems' was defined by them being within a clinical range for internalizing behaviors (withdrawn, somatic complaints, anxious/depressed and emotionally reactive) and externalizing behaviors (attention problems and aggressive behaviors) at age 3. Continuous scores on each of the behavioral problem scales at age 2 were used as covariates. RESULTS Greater ST for children at age 2 was associated with specific subscales for emotionally reactive and aggressive behaviors at age 3. CONCLUSIONS This study found that ST is prospectively associated with some behavioral scales but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Orui
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Genki Shinoda
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Fuji Nagami
- Department of Public Relations and Planning, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 3F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Division of Personalized Prevention and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Division of Disaster Public Health, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 7F, Tohoku Medical Megabank Building 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
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Zong B, Li L, Cui Y, Shi W. Effects of outdoor activity time, screen time, and family socioeconomic status on physical health of preschool children. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1434936. [PMID: 39171316 PMCID: PMC11337874 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Experienced 3 years of pandemic-induced home life, in the post-epidemic period, preschoolers in China are falling short of the World Health Organization's standards for screen time and outdoor activities. This notably impacts their physical well-being. The study aims to probe the associations between screen time, outdoor activities, and the physical health of preschoolers, offering insights to shape interventions targeting myopia and obesity prevention in children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong Province, involving a representative sample of 23,992 preschoolers and their caregivers recruited through proportional stratified cluster sampling. Data collection utilized the Chinese Early Human Capability Index (CHeHCI, eHCi), a questionnaire on children's media use in daily family life, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Linear regression and binary logistic regression models were employed to analyze the impact of screen time and outdoor activity duration on the physical health of preschoolers. Results In the high family socioeconomic status (SES) group, children had significantly less screen time compared to those in the medium and low SES groups. Outdoor activity time varied significantly based on SES, with higher SES linked to extended outdoor engagement. Additionally, children's eHCi health dimension score exhibited significant SES-related differences, showcasing higher scores for children in higher SES groups. In terms of gender differences, boys dedicated significantly more time to outdoor activities than girls, yet boys had a notably higher overweight rate. Furthermore, girls demonstrated better health outcomes based on eHCi health scores. A significant association emerged between overweight and screen time in children with high SES, indicating that prolonged screen time was linked to a higher likelihood of overweight based on BMI. Additionally, a substantial negative correlation was observed between children's eHCi health dimension score and screen time. Furthermore, children's outdoor activity time exhibited a significant positive correlation with eHCi health dimension score. Regression analysis revealed that screen time could significantly negatively predict children's physical health score, while outdoor activity time could significantly positively predict children's eHCi physical health score. Conclusion The current study highlights that family SES, age, and gender play pivotal roles in influencing preschoolers' screen time and outdoor activity duration, with family SES being particularly influential. Higher family SES correlates with reduced screen time, increased outdoor activity, and elevated health levels among children. Importantly, children's screen time negatively predicts their health status, while outdoor time positively predicts their health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Zong
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of P.E., China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lun Li
- School of P.E., China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufang Cui
- China National Children’s Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Shi
- Center Teacher Education Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Johnson SB, Kuehn M, Lambert JO, Spin JP, Klein LM, Howard B, Sturner R, Perrin EM. Developmental Milestone Attainment in US Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2024; 178:586-594. [PMID: 38648043 PMCID: PMC11036311 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.0683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Importance Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of young children, but the association between the pandemic and any changes in early childhood developmental milestone achievement in the US remains unclear. Objectives To determine the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in developmental screening scores among US children aged 0 to 5 years and to investigate whether caregivers self-reported more worries about their children or concerns about children's behavior during the pandemic, regardless of milestone achievement. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cohort study using an interrupted time series analysis comparing prepandemic (March 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020), interruption (March 1 to May 31, 2020), and intrapandemic (June 1, 2020, to May 30, 2022) periods among 50 205 children (randomly sampled from a population of 502 052 children) aged 0 to 5 years whose parents or caregivers completed developmental screening at pediatric visits at US pediatric primary care practices participating in a web-based clinical process support system. Exposure COVID-19 pandemic period. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-standardized Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (ASQ) domain scores (communication, personal-social, problem-solving, gross motor, fine motor), and rate of caregivers' concerns about the child's behavior or worries about the child as measured on the ASQ. Results A total of 50 205 children (25 852 [51.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 18.6 [16.0] months) and 134 342 ASQ observations were included. In adjusted models, significant age-specific mean score decreases from prepandemic to intrapandemic were observed in communication (-0.029; 95% CI, -0.041 to -0.017), problem-solving (-0.018; 95% CI, -0.030 to -0.006), and personal-social (-0.016; 95% CI, -0.028 to -0.004) domains. There were no changes in fine or gross motor domains prepandemic to intrapandemic. For infants aged 0 to 12 months, similar effect sizes were observed but only for communication (-0.027; 95% CI, -0.044 to -0.011) and problem-solving (-0.018; 95% CI, -0.035 to -0.001). After accounting for age-standardized ASQ scores, caregiver worries about the child increased slightly in the intrapandemic period compared with the prepandemic period (rate ratio, 1.088; 95% CI, 1.036-1.143), but there were no changes in caregiver concerns about the child's behavior. While changes in developmental screening scores were modest (2%-3%), nationwide, this could translate to more than 1500 additional recommended developmental referrals over baseline each month. Conclusions and Relevance Modest changes in developmental screening scores are reassuring in the short term but may tax an already overburdened developmental behavioral pediatrics infrastructure. Continued attention to developmental surveillance is critical since the long-term population- and individual-level implications of these changes are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Molly Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer O. Lambert
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Lauren M. Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- CHADIS, Inc, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raymond Sturner
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Promotion of Child Development Through Primary Care, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eliana M. Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mebarak M, Mendoza J, Romero D, Amar J. Healthy Life Habits in Caregivers of Children in Vulnerable Populations: A Cluster Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:537. [PMID: 38791757 PMCID: PMC11121232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Intervention programs aimed at mitigating the effects of chronic noncommunicable disease (CNDs) focus on promoting healthy lifestyle habits (HLH), especially in the early stages of life. Because of this, different typologies of caregivers have been identified according to HLH during middle childhood and adolescence. However, the available studies have focused on aspects such as nutrition, physical activity, and rest, ignoring other HLHs that are equally important for children's well-being. Likewise, few studies address HLH during the first five years of life and how caregivers affect children's health. In a sample of 544 caregivers of children aged zero to five years from low-income Colombian communities, we established a typology of attitudes toward different HLHs. The results indicate the presence of three clusters that grouped caregivers with (1) positive attitudes toward all HLHs, (2) toward some HLHs, and (3) relatively low positive attitudes toward all HLHs. Membership in clusters with less positive attitudes toward HLHs was also found to be associated with low educational levels and living in rural areas. This study detected profiles of caregivers who may have unhealthy lifestyles, so the results would allow social workers to design differential interventions on HLHs in non-industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Mebarak
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Juan Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Duban Romero
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
| | - José Amar
- Human Development Research Center, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia; (M.M.); (J.A.)
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Mayer Y, Cohen-Eilig M, Chan J, Kuzyk N, Glodjo A, Jarus T. Digital citizenship of children and youth with autism: Developing guidelines and strategies for caregivers and clinicians to support healthy use of screens. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1010-1028. [PMID: 37615409 PMCID: PMC10981179 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231192870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Children and youth with autism use screens in their daily lives and in their rehabilitation programs. Although parents and clinicians experience specific challenges when supporting positive screen time use of children and youth with autism, no detailed information for this group exists. Therefore, this study aimed to develop clear guidelines that are agreed by expert clinicians and parents of children and youth with autism. Using a method called Delphi, 30 experts-20 clinicians and 10 caregivers, who have experience working with or caring for children and youth with autism were invited to complete a series of three surveys. In each round, the experts had to rate their agreement with statements regarding screen time management. The agreement level was set to 75%. The final themes to be included in the guidelines were accepted by more than 75% of the panel. The final guidelines included six main sections: (1) general principles, (2) considerations for timing and content of leisure screen time use, (3) strategies for caregivers and clinicians to monitor and regulate screen time use, (4) behaviors to monitor for screen time overuse, (5) additional guidelines for clinicians, and (6) resources. The new guidelines developed in this study can provide potential guidance on how to further the development of digital citizenship for children and youth with autism and provide strategies to families to help manage screen time use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Mayer
- University of Haifa, Israel
- The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Tal Jarus
- The University of British Columbia, Canada
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Abreu RWFD, Lima CRG, Verdério BN, Santos MMD, Dos Santos AN, Brugnaro BH, Rocha NACF. Association between environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and functioning of infants with biological risk in the first year of life: Cross-sectional exploratory study. Early Hum Dev 2024; 191:105987. [PMID: 38520911 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child development can be influenced by family and environmental factors, which changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is important to explore how these factors are associated with the functioning of infants with biological risk in the first year of life. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate associations between family factors, home opportunities, caregiver perception of environmental support and barriers at home and environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and gross motor skills and home participation in infants with biological risk in the first year of life. METHODS Fifty-six infants aged two to 12 months (M = 5.80 months; ±2.44) and their mothers performed remote assessments of gross motor skills using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS); participation and environment (phone call) by the Young Children's Participation and Environment Measure (YC-PEM); family factors (income, age and maternal education), home opportunities - The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) and environmental factors during the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, emotional and financial factors and physiotherapy) (online forms). Regression models were constructed, considering gross motor skills and home participation as outcome variables, with a 5 % significance level. RESULTS We found that older maternal age (p = 0.001), more home opportunities (p = 0.043), and less rigorous social distancing (as opposed to total social distancing [p = 0.045]) were significantly associated with better gross motor skills; and higher maternal education (p = 0.050) was associated with more involvement in home activities. CONCLUSION Family factors, home opportunities and social distancing were differently associated with the gross motor skills and home participation of infants with biological risk in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Wanderley Ferraz de Abreu
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Resende Gâmbaro Lima
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Nayara Verdério
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Martins Dos Santos
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Neves Dos Santos
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departament of Health Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Helena Brugnaro
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
- Infant Development Analysis Laboratory (LADI), Departament of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Slobodin O, Hetzroni OE, Mandel M, Saad Nuttman S, Gawi Damashi Z, Machluf E, Davidovitch M. Infant screen media and child development: A prospective community study. INFANCY 2024; 29:155-174. [PMID: 38157284 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The current study examined longitudinal associations between early screen media exposure (assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months) and the child's motor and language/communication development at the ages of 24 and 36 months. We also aimed to study whether these associations varied by socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were 179 parent-infant dyads, recruited from well-baby clinic services during routine visits. Child development measures included standardized measures of developmental milestones as assessed by professionals and referral data to child developmental centers. Both measures were retrieved from the official health maintenance organization records by an expert in child development. Results indicated that screen exposure at 6 and 12 months was associated with a higher risk for language/communication deficits at 36 months in children with moderate or high SES but not in children with low SES. Our findings are consistent with existing literature demonstrating cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between early screen exposure and language development deficits. Given that media use practices and motivations vary among families from different backgrounds, further investigation of the interaction between SES and screen exposure is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Slobodin
- School of Education, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Orit E Hetzroni
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Moran Mandel
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Zainab Gawi Damashi
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eden Machluf
- Faculty of Education, Department of Special Education, Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Davidovitch
- Kahn Sagol Maccabi Research and Innovation Center, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Yang YC, Tsai DC, Wang CY, Chen YL, Shyong MP, Hsu NW. The prevalence of myopia remains stable under tighter COVID-19 social restriction in preschoolers receiving a school-based eyecare program. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:e78-e85. [PMID: 37144676 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the impact of different levels of COVID-19 social restrictions (social distancing in 2020, large-scale home confinement in 2021) on myopia prevalence and behaviours in a preschool population with school-based eyecare programme. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted between August and December in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Children aged 5-6 years received ocular examinations, and questionnaires were answered by caregivers before the day of the examination. The main outcome measures were the changes in after-school time spent on homework, screen-based devices and outdoors. Secondary outcome was the change in myopia prevalence (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ -0.5 D in either eye after cycloplegia). RESULTS A total of 9997 preschoolers were included in the analysis. Under tighter restrictions, more preschoolers spent ≥1 h/day on screen-based devices (42.8% in 2019, 45.2% in 2020, 48.9% in 2021, p < 0.001), and fewer preschoolers spent ≥30 min/day on after-school outdoor activities (49.5% in 2019, 46.0% in 2020, 41.0% in 2021, p < 0.001) on weekdays. A similar trend was found on weekends. While more preschoolers spent ≥2 h/day on screen-based devices (35.3% in 2019, 38.5% in 2020, 43.0% in 2021, p < 0.001), fewer preschoolers spent ≥2 h/day on outdoor activities (41.7% in 2019, 41.7% in 2020, 34.0% in 2021, p < 0.001). The mean SE and myopia prevalence were stable (9.1% in 2019, 10.3% in 2020, 9.4% in 2021, p = 0.707). CONCLUSION Our study showed dose-dependent effect of social restrictions on near-work and outdoor behaviours at home. The prevalence of myopia did not increase significantly with short-term cessation of school-based eyecare programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Der-Chong Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | | | - Mong-Ping Shyong
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suao Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wei Hsu
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Public Health Bureau, Yilan County, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
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Gios TS, Mecca TP, Kataoka LE, Rezende TCB, Lowenthal R. Sleep Problems Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Down Syndrome, and Typical Development. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:491-500. [PMID: 36323992 PMCID: PMC9629760 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep problems are common in children and adolescents, particularly those with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. With the changes in daily habits resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, we have analyzed sleep characteristics, during social isolation, in Brazilian children and adolescents aged between 4 and 12 years with Autism Spectrum Disorder (N = 267), Down Syndrome (N = 74), and typical development (N = 312). The ASD group presented with worse indicators of sleep habits in the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-BR) and fell asleep later during the pandemic. The entire group started fall asleep and waking up later during the pandemic - as well as waking up more often during the night. These results may contribute to parental guidance and sleep habit-related interventions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaisa Silva Gios
- Instructor in Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dona Veridiana, 55 3 andar, CEP 01238-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Pontrelli Mecca
- Instructor in Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Rua Dona Veridiana, 55 3 andar, CEP 01238-010, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eiji Kataoka
- Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Lowenthal
- Department of Mental Health, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cai H, Chen P, Jin Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ng CH, Xiang YT, Feng Y. Prevalence of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:12. [PMID: 38191533 PMCID: PMC10774396 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing widespread lockdown measures have had a negative impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. We thus conducted a meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We performed a systematic literature search of the major international (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) and Chinese (Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG) databases from their commencement dates to 27 December 2022. Altogether, 57 articles covering 206,601 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of sleep disturbances was 34.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 28-41%). The prevalence of parent-reported sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher than that of self-reported (p = 0.005) sleep disturbances. Epidemiological studies jointly conducted across Asia and Europe had a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to those conducted in Asia, Europe, America, Oceania, or South America alone (p < 0.001). Children had a significantly higher prevalence of sleep disturbances compared to adolescents alone or a mixed cohort of children and adolescents (p = 0.022). Meta-regression analyses revealed that mean age (p < 0.001), quality evaluation score (p < 0.001), and percentage of men (p < 0.001) showed negative associations, while time of survey (B = 1.82, z = 34.02, p < 0.001) showed a positive association with the prevalence of sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were common in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Unit of Medical Psychology and Behavior Medicine, School of public health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teris Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Yuan Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Liu H, Ma S, Feng L, Gao J, Wu B, Xia W, Xie P, Sun L, Chen M, Qin Q, Ding X, Qu G, Sun Y. Longitudinal association of nighttime sleep duration with emotional and behavioral problems among rural preschool children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:267-277. [PMID: 36781466 PMCID: PMC9925221 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between nighttime sleep duration and emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among rural preschool children. This longitudinal study including 1595 preschool children aged 3-6 years from 26 kindergartens in four counties was conducted in Anhui Province rural areas. Cross-lagged panel models and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine the bidirectional association between nighttime sleep duration and EBPs and further explore the predictive effect of nighttime sleep duration on EBPs. Compared to baseline, preschool children at follow-up had significantly more nighttime sleep duration (10.01 ± 0.68 vs. 10.15 ± 0.69) and lower EBPs (total difficulties: 15.8% vs. 11.2%; prosocial behavior problems: 12.4% vs. 7.0%). Results of cross-lagged panel models indicated that nighttime sleep duration was a predictor for EBPs, but not vice versa. Results of logistic regression analysis showed that each 1-h increase in nighttime sleep duration at T1 was associated with a 0.77-fold reduction in the risk of total difficulties at T2 (the most adjusted OR = 0.774, 95% CI 0.607-0.988, P = 0.040), but not with the prosocial behavior. Interestingly, the predictive effect of nighttime sleep duration at T1 on EBPs at T2 was only found in girls, children aged 3 years and children with lower maternal education. The decreased nighttime sleep duration may predict future EBPs, especially in girls, younger preschool children and children with lower maternal education. Extending sleep duration may improve EBPs in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Linya Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Birong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Weihang Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuyang, 236030, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, 231100, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Maanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Maanshan, 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Ding
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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12
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Gliga T, Hendry A, Kong SP, Ewing B, Davies C, McGillion M, Gonzalez‐Gomez N. More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8-38-month-old children, during the Covid-19 pandemic. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12190. [PMID: 38054058 PMCID: PMC10694540 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background How often a child naps, during infancy, is believed to reflect both intrinsic factors, that is, the need of an immature brain to consolidate information soon after it is acquired, and environmental factors. Difficulty accounting for important environmental factors that interfere with a child's sleep needs (e.g., attending daycare) has clouded our ability to understand the role of intrinsic drivers of napping frequency. Methods Here we investigate sleep patterns in association with two measures of cognitive ability, vocabulary size, measured with the Oxford-Communicative Development Inventory (N = 298) and cognitive executive functions (EF), measured with the Early EF Questionnaire (N = 463), in a cohort of 8-38-month-olds. Importantly, because of the social distancing measures imposed during the Covid-19 Spring 2020 lockdown, in the UK, measures of sleep were taken when children did not access daycare settings. Results We find that children with more frequent but shorter naps than expected for their age had lower concurrent receptive vocabularies, lower cognitive EF and a slower increase in expressive vocabulary from spring to winter 2020, when age, sex, and SES were accounted for. The negative association between vocabulary and frequency of naps became stronger with age. Conclusions These findings suggest that the structure of daytime sleep is an indicator of cognitive development and highlight the importance of considering environmental perturbations and age when investigating developmental correlates of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Gliga
- School of PsychologyUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Alexandra Hendry
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Shannon P. Kong
- Centre for Psychological ResearchOxford Brookes UniversityOxfordUK
| | - Ben Ewing
- School of PsychologyUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Catherine Davies
- School of Languages, Cultures and SocietiesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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Blanta M, Karathanasi A, Tzonichaki I. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's occupations. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2023; 36:69-83. [PMID: 38027048 PMCID: PMC10680856 DOI: 10.1177/15691861231204905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic changed the daily lives and limited everyday activities of children worldwide. Objectives To document the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's occupations, the associated factors, and the impact on children's health, wellbeing, and development. Methods A narrative review was conducted by searching four databases (Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews). Results A total of 35 articles met the inclusion criteria. Out of the 34 articles, 23 were relevant to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on occupations related to leisure (n = 17), productivity (n = 11), and self-care (n = 9). Ten articles highlighted specific factors that had been linked to changes in occupational engagement and child behavior. Ten articles focused on the impact of occupational disruption during COVID-19 on health, wellbeing, and general development. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic seems to have had a negative impact on children's occupations, while the restrictions were still in effect. Further research is needed to establish reliable conclusions.
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Mitra R, Campbell JE, Vanderloo LM, Faulkner G, Tremblay MS, Rhodes RE, Stone MR, Moore SA. Child and youth physical activity throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: The changing role of the neighbourhood built and social environments. Health Place 2023; 84:103127. [PMID: 37751631 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We explored associations between neighbourhood environments and children and youths' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during three different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: spring 2020, fall 2020 and spring 2021, using three nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. In wave 2, higher dwelling density was associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA, however, the odds were higher in neighbourhoods with higher density that also had better access to parks. With regard to the social environment, ethnic concentration (wave 3) and greater deprivation (waves 1 and 3) were associated with lower odds of a child achieving higher-level MVPA. Results indicate that built and social environments were differently associated with MVPA levels depending on pandemic restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mitra
- School of Urban and Regional Planning, Toronto Metropolitan University, 105 Bond Street, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5B 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Julie E Campbell
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada; School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3N4, Canada
| | - Michelle R Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sarah A Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, PO Box 150000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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15
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Li Q, Zhou W, Liao Y, Chen H, Sun Y, Wang M, Wang X, Wang W. Prevalence Trend of Myopia during the Post-COVID-19 Epidemic Period among Preschoolers: A Prospective School-based Study. Optom Vis Sci 2023; 100:727-734. [PMID: 37678562 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000002069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Changes in behavior and lifestyle during the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic may have some impact on myopia rates in preschoolers, and exploring the changes in myopia rates in preschool children may inform the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of myopia in preschool children during the post-COVID-19 epidemic period in Xuzhou, China. METHODS A series of cross-sectional school-based studies was conducted. A total of 117,632 preschool children aged 3 to 6 years were subjected to annual vision screening from 2019 to 2021. Spot photo screening was used to record the spherical equivalent refraction for each child and to analyze the prevalence of myopia by age, sex, and region during the post-COVID-19 epidemic period. RESULTS A total of 113,979 preschool children were included in the analysis, of whom 60,784 (53.3%) were male and 53,195 (46.7%) were female. For all children, the mean ± standard deviation spherical equivalent refraction in 2019, 2020, and 2021 was +0.32 ± 0.50, +0.34 ± 0.55, and +0.34 ± 0.54 D, respectively (all P < .05), indicative of a very slight hyperopic shift. In all age groups, the change in mean spherical equivalent refraction and its distribution were relatively stable. From 2019 to 2021, the overall prevalence of myopia in preschool children was 3.1, 3.3, and 3.5%, respectively. The rise in myopia rates was minimal. The largest increase in the annual prevalence of myopia was seen among children aged 6 years, at 0.5%, followed by those aged 5 years (0.4%) and aged 3 years (0.4%). The prevalence was higher in boys than girls and in urban versus rural areas. CONCLUSIONS During the post-COVID-19 epidemic period, the refractive status of Xuzhou preschool children remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanmei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Takahashi I, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Murakami K, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T, Shinoda G, Nishimura T, Tsuchiya KJ, Kuriyama S. Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1039-1046. [PMID: 37603356 PMCID: PMC10442786 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Importance Whether some domains of child development are specifically associated with screen time and whether the association continues with age remain unknown. Objective To examine the association between screen time exposure among children aged 1 year and 5 domains of developmental delay (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal and social skills) at age 2 and 4 years. Design, Participants, and Setting This cohort study was conducted under the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Pregnant women at 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures in Japan were recruited into the study between July 2013 and March 2017. The information was collected prospectively, and 7097 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed on March 20, 2023. Exposure Four categories of screen time exposure were identified for children aged 1 year (<1, 1 to <2, 2 to <4, or ≥4 h/d). Main Outcomes and Measures Developmental delays in the 5 domains for children aged 2 and 4 years were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Each domain ranged from 0 to 60 points. Developmental delay was defined if the total score for each domain was less than 2 SDs from its mean score. Results Of the 7097 children in this study, 3674 were boys (51.8%) and 3423 were girls (48.2%). With regard to screen time exposure per day, 3440 children (48.5%) had less than 1 hour, 2095 (29.5%) had 1 to less than 2 hours, 1272 (17.9%) had 2 to less than 4 hours, and 290 (4.1%) had 4 or more hours. Children's screen time was associated with a higher risk of developmental delay at age 2 years in the communication (odds ratio [OR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.10] for 1 to <2 h/d; 2.04 [1.52-2.74] for 2 to <4 h/d; 4.78 [3.24-7.06] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), fine motor (1.74 [1.09-2.79] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), problem-solving (1.40 [1.02-1.92] for 2 to <4 h/d; 2.67 [1.72-4.14] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), and personal and social skills (2.10 [1.39-3.18] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) domains. Regarding risk of developmental delay at age 4 years, associations were identified in the communication (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.20-2.25] for 2 to <4 h/d; 2.68 [1.68-4.27] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) and problem-solving (1.91 [1.17-3.14] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) domains. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, greater screen time for children aged 1 year was associated with developmental delays in communication and problem-solving at ages 2 and 4 years. These findings suggest that domains of developmental delay should be considered separately in future discussions on screen time and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Genki Shinoda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji J. Tsuchiya
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Sato K, Fukai T, Fujisawa KK, Nakamuro M. Association Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Childhood Development. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:930-938. [PMID: 37428500 PMCID: PMC10334298 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Importance Although a growing number of studies have reported negative associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with academic performance among school-aged children, less is known about the pandemic's association with early childhood development. Objective To examine the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and early childhood development. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study conducted in all accredited nursery centers in a Japanese municipality, baseline surveys of children aged 1 and 3 years (1000 and 922, respectively) were conducted between 2017 and 2019, and participants were followed up for 2 years. Exposure Children's development was compared at age 3 or 5 years between cohorts that were exposed to the pandemic during the follow-up and a cohort that was not. Main Outcome and Measure Children's developmental age was measured by nursery teachers using the Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS). Data were analyzed between December 8, 2022, and May 6, 2023. Results A total of 447 children (201 girls [45.0%] and 246 boys [55.0%]) aged 1 year at baseline were followed up to age 3 years, and 440 children (200 girls [45.5%] and 240 boys [54.5%]) aged 3 years at baseline were followed up to age 5 years. During the follow-up, the cohorts that were exposed to the pandemic were 4.39 months behind in development at age 5 compared with the cohort that was not (coefficient, -4.39; 95% credible interval, -7.66 to -1.27). Such a negative association was not observed in development at age 3 years (coefficient, 1.32; 95% credible interval, -0.44 to 3.01). Variations in development were greater during the pandemic than before the pandemic regardless of age. Additionally, the quality of care at nursery centers was positively associated with development at age 3 years during the pandemic (coefficient, 2.01; 95% credible interval, 0.58-3.44), while parental depression appeared to amplify the association between the pandemic and delayed development at age 5 (coefficient of interaction, -2.62; 95% credible interval, -4.80 to -0.49; P = .009). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study showed an association between exposure to the pandemic and delayed childhood development at age 5 years. Variations in development widened during the pandemic regardless of age. It is important to identify children with developmental delays associated with the pandemic and provide them with support for learning, socialization, physical and mental health, and family support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koryu Sato
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taiyo Fukai
- Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko K. Fujisawa
- The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Education, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Nakamuro
- The Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
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18
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Kucirkova NI, Livingstone S, Radesky JS. Faulty screen time measures hamper national policies: here is a way to address it. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1243396. [PMID: 37575444 PMCID: PMC10416100 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1243396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I. Kucirkova
- The Open University, Faculty of Education, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- Learning Environment Centre, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sonia Livingstone
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny S. Radesky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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19
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Zhang J, Smith J, Browne D. Children's activities, parental concerns, and child care service utilization in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1047234. [PMID: 37457258 PMCID: PMC10341151 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1047234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, most Canadian provinces and territories enacted public health measures to reduce virus spread, leading most child care centers across the country to limit or halt in-person service delivery. While it is broadly known that the range of activities available to children and youth reduced drastically as a result, research has yet to explore if and how children's activities shifted in relation to changes in child care arrangements. Method Children's activities during the early months of the pandemic were assessed based on parent-report data (n = 19,959). Activity patterns were extracted via latent profile analysis. Thereafter, differences in child-care related outcomes across profiles were compared via logistic regression models. Results Latent profile analysis yielded three distinct activity patterns: Screenies (91.5%) were children who engaged in high amounts of screen use relative to all other activities; Analog children (3.1%) exhibited mostly off-screen activities (e.g., reading, physical exercise); and children in the Balanced group (5.4%) appeared to pursue a wide variety of activities. Children were more likely to fall into the Screenies or Balanced profiles when caregivers reported changes in child care arrangements. Moreover, parents of children with Balanced activity profiles were more likely to be planning to use child care when services reopened post-pandemic, compared to parents of children in the Analog group. Discussion The present findings call attention to heterogeneity in children's activities during COVID-19, which should be considered in the context of pandemic-related child care closures. Implications for children, families, and child care services during and beyond COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Zhang
- Whole Family Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jackson Smith
- Whole Family Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon Browne
- Whole Family Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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20
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Ouyang X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Gong X, Zhang R. Preschool children's screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic: associations with family characteristics and children's anxiety/withdrawal and approaches to learning. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37359597 PMCID: PMC10230141 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04783-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
With schools closed due to the COVID-19, many children have been exposed to media devices for learning and entertainment, raising concerns over excessive screen time for young children. The current study examined how preschoolers' screen time was associated with their family characteristics and anxiety/withdrawal and approaches to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 764 caregivers of 3- to 6-year-old children (mean age = 59.07 months, SD = 12.28 months; 403 boys and 361 girls) from nine preschools in Wuhan, China, where the pandemic started. The effects of family characteristics on children's screen time during the pandemic outbreak and the associations between screen time and children's anxiety/withdrawal and approaches to learning were examined using path analysis. The results showed that children who spent more time on interactive screen use (e.g., playing with tablets) showed higher levels of anxiety/withdrawal and fewer positive learning behaviors. Unexpectedly, children who spent more time on noninteractive screen use (e.g., watching TV) showed lower levels of anxiety/withdrawal. Additionally, children's screen time was related to family characteristics: children living in more chaotic families with fewer screen time restrictions spent more time on screen use after the pandemic outbreak. The findings suggest that young children's frequent use of interactive screens, such as tablets and smartphones, might be harmful to their learning and wellbeing during the pandemic. To mitigate the potential negative effects, it is essential to manage the screen time of preschoolers by establishing rules for their interactive screen use and improving the household routines related to the overall screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzi Ouyang
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiusi Zhang
- English Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Xin Gong
- Faculty of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Institute of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Schillok H, Coenen M, Rehfuess EA, Kuhlmann PH, Matl S, Kindermann H, Maison N, Eckert J, von Both U, Behrends U, Frühwald MC, Neubert A, Woelfle J, Melter M, Liese J, Hübner J, Klein C, Kern A, Jung-Sievers C. Changes in behavior and quality of life in German young children during the COVID-19 pandemic-results from the COVID kids bavaria study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1135415. [PMID: 37228432 PMCID: PMC10204608 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1135415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic with its containment measures such as closures of schools and daycare facilities led to numerous restrictions in daily life, putting developmental opportunities and health-related quality of life in children at risk. However, studies show that not every family was impacted equally by the pandemic and that this exceptional health and societal situation reinforced pre-existing health inequalities among the vulnerable. Our study aimed at analyzing changes in behavior and health-related quality of life of children attending elementary schools and daycare facilities in Bavaria, Germany in spring 2021. We also sought to identify associated factors contributing to inequalities in quality of life. Methods Data from a multi-center, open cohort study ("COVID Kids Bavaria") conducted in 101 childcare facilities and 69 elementary schools across all electoral districts of Bavaria were analyzed. Children attending these educational settings (aged 3-10 years) were eligible for participation in a survey on changes in behavior and health-related quality of life. The KINDLR questionnaire (based on children's self-report and parental report) was administered about one year after the onset of the pandemic (spring 2021). Descriptive and logistic regression analyses and comparisons to pre-pandemic KiGGS (German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents) data were undertaken. Results Among respondents, a high percentage of parents reported changes in their children's eating and sleeping behavior, sports and outdoor activities as well as altered screen time. Health-related quality of life in KINDLR analyses compared to pre-pandemic population averages were lower in all age groups (for 3-6-year-old KINDLR-total score: COVID Kids Bavaria MD 74.78 ± 10.57 vs KiGGS data 80.0 ± 8.1; 7-10 years-old KINDLR-total score: COVID Kids Bavaria MD 73.88 ± 12.03 vs KiGGS data 79.30 ± 9.0). No significant differences were detected with regard to associated factors, namely type of institution, sex of the child, migration background, household size and parental education. Conclusion These findings suggest a relevant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's behavior and health-related quality of life one year after the onset of the pandemic. Further analyses in large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to determine the effects of specific pandemic or crisis associated factors contributing to health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schillok
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Coenen
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva A. Rehfuess
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia H. Kuhlmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Matl
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Kindermann
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Maison
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Asthma- and Allergy Prevention (IAP), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Jana Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich von Both
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Behrends
- Department of Pediatrics, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, StKM GmbH und Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael C. Frühwald
- Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Antje Neubert
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Melter
- University Children’s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Liese
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hübner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Kern
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
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22
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Emiroğlu İlvan T, Ceylan R. Predicting preschool children's digital play addiction tendency during Covid-19 pandemic: Regarding the mother-child relationship, and child- and family-related factors. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 28:1-30. [PMID: 37361780 PMCID: PMC10149632 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-023-11802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research about children's digital play has predominantly focused on parental perspectives and parental mediation strategies. Although research on the effects of digital play on young children's development is plentiful, there is little evidence on young children's digital play addiction tendency. Herein, preschool children's digital play addiction tendency, and the mother-child relationship perceived by mothers, examining child- and family-related factors were explored. The present study also aimed to contribute to the current research pertaining to preschool-aged children's digital play addiction tendency through an examination of the mother-child relationship, and child- and family-related factors as potential predictors of children's digital play addiction tendency. A sample of 450 mothers of children between 4 and 6 years filled out two measures that identify the mother-child relationship and children's digital play addiction tendency. Correlational analyses revealed that in general, the mother-child relationship was significantly associated with children's digital play addiction tendency. Significant differences were evident in the relationship between numerous child- and family-related factors, and children's digital play addiction tendency, as well as the mother-child relationship. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that a negative mother-child relationship, the children's digital play usage, and the mothers' digital device usage predicted the children's digital play addiction tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Emiroğlu İlvan
- Early Childhood Education Department, Istanbul 29 Mayıs University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Remziye Ceylan
- Early Childhood Education Department, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Hwang Y, Boyd M, Davenport C, Carson V. The Relative Contributions of Center Demographic, Director, Parental, Social, Environmental, and Policy Factors to Changes in Outdoor Play in Childcare Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:508-521. [PMID: 37055024 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of factors from multiple social-ecological levels in explaining outdoor play changes in childcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In Alberta, Canada, licensed childcare center directors (n = 160) completed an online questionnaire. For outcomes, changes in the frequency and duration of outdoor play in childcare centers during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19 were measured. For exposures, center demographic, director, parental, social, environmental, and policy-level factors were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted separately for winter (December-March) and nonwinter months (April-November). RESULTS In most instances, factors at each social-ecological level explained a statistically significant amount of unique variance in changes in outdoor play in childcare centers during COVID-19. Full models accounted for more than 26% of the variance in the outcomes. Changes in parental interest in outdoor play was the most consistent correlate of changes in the frequency and duration of outdoor play in both winter and nonwinter months during COVID-19. In terms of changes in the duration of outdoor play, social support from the provincial government, health authority, and licensing, and changes in the number of play areas in licensed outdoor play spaces were also consistent correlates in both winter and nonwinter months during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Factors from multiple social-ecological levels uniquely contributed to changes in outdoor play in childcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings can help inform interventions and public health initiatives related to outdoor play in childcare centers during and after the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Hwang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Madison Boyd
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Cody Davenport
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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24
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Kästner A, Ernst VS, Hoffmann W, Franze M. Changes in social behavioral developmental risks in preschool children after the first COVID-19 wave: a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5615. [PMID: 37024603 PMCID: PMC10078017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32877-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social-emotional developmental risks (SE-DR) of preschool children is largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this prospective longitudinal dynamic cohort study was to assess changes in preschoolers' SE-DR from before the pandemic to after the first COVID-19 wave. SE-DR were assessed annually with the instrument "Dortmund Developmental Screening for Preschools" (DESK). Longitudinal DESK data from 3- to 4-year-old children who participated both in survey wave (SW) three (DESK-SW3, 2019) and SW four (DESK-SW4, 2020) from August 1 to November 30 were used, respectively. Additionally, data from previous pre-pandemic SW were analyzed to contextualize the observed changes (SW1: 2017; SW2: 2018). A total of N = 786 children were included in the analysis. In the pre-pandemic DESK-SW3, the proportion of children with SE-DR was 18.2%, whereas in DESK-SW4 after the first COVID-19 wave, the proportion decreased to 12.4% (p = 0.001). Thus, the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) was 0.68. Compared to data from previous SW (SW1-SW2: PRR = 0.88; SW2-SW3: PRR = 0.82), this result represents a notable improvement. However, only short-term effects were described, and the study region had one of the highest preschool return rates in Germany. Further studies are needed to examine long-term effects of the pandemic on preschoolers' SE-DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Kästner
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Sophie Ernst
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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25
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Sarialioğlu A, Ayran G, Köse S. Determining the relationship between sleep disturbances in children and parental stress during COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1100-1114. [PMID: 36588189 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2163670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between child sleep disturbances and parental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional web-based study was conducted between February and April 2021 among 409 parents residing in Turkey who had children between the ages of 6 and 16 years. Data were collected online using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Parental Stress Scale (PSS). In the study, there was a significant relationship found between the mean scores of the SDSC and PSS (r = 0.499, p < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, family type, socioeconomic status, occupation, the presence of sleep problems in the child before the pandemic, and the total score of the PSS significantly affected the total score of the SDSC. The presence of sleep problems in the child before the pandemic was significantly associated with the total score of the PSS (p < 0.05). Approximately 3.9% of the children had sleep disturbances (at scores over 70 points) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, as the stress levels of parents increase, the rate of sleep disturbances in their children increases, and many demographic characteristics are associated with the occurrence of sleep disturbances in their children. It is important that parents do not reflect on their stress related to the pandemic and that their children maintain a normal sleep pattern whenever possible. School nurses should educate children and their parents about the importance of enough sleep and factors that contribute to inadequate sleep among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Sarialioğlu
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gülsün Ayran
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan
| | - Semra Köse
- Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya
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26
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Pang JCY, Chan ELS, Lau HMC, Reeves KKL, Chung THY, Hui HWL, Leung AHL, Fu ACL. The impacts of physical activity on psychological and behavioral problems, and changes in physical activity, sleep and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1015943. [PMID: 36969271 PMCID: PMC10038232 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1015943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the level of physical activity (PA). However, little is known about its effect on health outcomes. Methods Articles without language restrictions published from the database inception through March 16, 2022, were retrieved using the CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases. High-quality articles assessing the effect of PA on psychological and behavioral problems. Additionally, PA, QoL, and/or sleep problems before and during the pandemic were included. Articles without data regarding PA or involving non-general populations were excluded. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed. Data quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and GRADE approach. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis if heterogenicity was high (I 2 ≥ 50%). The relationship between PA and psychological and behavioral problems; and changes in PA, QoL, and sleeping patterns before and during the pandemic in preschoolers, children, and adolescents were investigated. A meta-analysis was conducted; odds ratios (ORs), mean differences (MD), and standardized MDs (SMDs) were calculated. Results Thirty-four articles involving 66,857 participants were included. The results showed an overall significant protective effect between PA and psychological and/or behavioral problems (OR = 0.677; 95% CI = 0.630, 0.728; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 59.79%). This relationship was also significant in the subgroup analysis of children (OR = 0.690; 95% CI = 0.632, 0.752; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 58.93%) and adolescents (OR = 0.650; 95% CI = 0.570, 0.741; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 60.85%); however, no data on the relationship in preschoolers were collected. In addition, the overall time spent on PA significantly decreased by 23.2 min per day during the COVID-19 pandemic (95% CI = -13.5, -32.9; p-value <0.001; I 2 = 99.82%). Moreover, the results showed an overall significant decrease in QoL (SMD = -0.894, 95% CI = -1.180, -0.609, p-value <0.001, I 2 = 96.64%). However, there was no significant difference in sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic (MD = 0.01 h per day, 95% CI = -0.027, 0.225; p-value = 0.125; I 2 = 98.48%). Conclusion During the pandemic, less PA was contributed to poor QoL and sleep quality. However, increases in PA are associated with reduced occurrences of psychological and behavioral problems. Implementing recovery plans to address the health effect of the pandemic is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson C. Y. Pang
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric L. S. Chan
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Herman M. C. Lau
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kara K. L. Reeves
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tina H. Y. Chung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Heidi W. L. Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alfred H. L. Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Caritas Institute of HIgher Education, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allan C. L. Fu
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Musculoskeletal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- China Studies Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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27
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Lewis KL, Howard SJ, Verenikina I, Kervin LK. Parent perspectives on young children's changing digital practices: Insights from Covid-19. JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH : ECR 2023; 21:76-90. [PMID: 38603242 PMCID: PMC9813658 DOI: 10.1177/1476718x221145486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Young children's use of digital technologies has presented challenges for parents, particularly in response to an increased reliance on digital resources during the Covid-19 pandemic. This mixed-methods study explored young children's digital practices within the context of their families and homes. Although this study was originally planned, the timing of data collection meant that it was uniquely positioned to capture parent perspectives as the pandemic and first lockdown was unfolding in Australia. Data was collected through questionnaire (N = 101) and semistructured interview (n = 20) about status and change in children's digital practices, and parents' rules and flexibility in governing these experiences. Quantitative findings suggested children's frequency and duration of digital device use trended upwards during lockdown, and parents were more flexible in their rules about the amount of screen time, as well as when and where children could use digital devices. Qualitative results suggested that, more than a temporary and situational change, for many parents, exposure to new ways of engaging with digital technologies facilitated a shift in their perceptions, leading to greater consideration of quality in their choices for their children. This study highlights the influential role of parents in shaping children's digital experiences. Understanding their perceptions, as well as children's current and shifting digital practices in the home, is important for informing efforts and guidance for supporting young children's safe and effective use of digital technologies.
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28
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León Rojas D, Castorena Torres F, Alvarado Ramos S, del Castillo Morales A, Rodríguez-de-Ita J. Sleep Disturbances and Mental Well-Being of Preschool Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4386. [PMID: 36901397 PMCID: PMC10002191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic confinement caused changes in families and children's routines worldwide. Studies conducted at the beginning of the pandemic have examined the harmful effects of these changes on mental health, including sleep disturbances. As sleep is essential for optimal childhood development, this study was designed to determine preschool-aged (3-6 years old) children's sleep parameters and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Using a cross-sectional design, a survey was applied to parents of preschool children, inquiring about their children's confinement status, routine changes, and electronics use. The parents responded to the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess children's sleep and mental well-being. To provide objective sleep data, the children wore wrist actigraphy for seven days. Fifty-one participants completed the assessment. The children's mean age was 5.2 years, and the prevalence of sleep disturbances was 68.6%. The use of electronic tablets in the bedroom near bedtime and symptoms of mental health deterioration (i.e., emotional distress and behavioral difficulties) were associated with sleep disturbances and their severity. The COVID-19 pandemic's confinement-related routine changes greatly impacted preschool children's sleep and well-being. We recommend establishing age-tailored interventions to manage children at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela León Rojas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Castorena Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
| | - Salomon Alvarado Ramos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
| | - Alfredo del Castillo Morales
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
| | - Julieta Rodríguez-de-Ita
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital San José, TecSalud, Monterrey 64710, NL, Mexico
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29
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Lan QY, Chan KCC, Au CT, Chan PHY, Chan NY, Wing YK, Li AM, Lam HS. Secular trends of sleep-wake patterns in Hong Kong preschoolers. Sleep Med 2023; 104:73-82. [PMID: 36898189 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the secular trends of sleep-wake patterns of Hong Kong preschool children. METHODS Kindergartens from the four geographical regions of Hong Kong were randomly invited to take part in a sleep survey in 2012 and again in 2018. The parent-completed questionnaire provided information on socioeconomic status (SES), children's, and parental sleep-wake patterns. Secular trends and risk factors associated with short sleep duration in preschoolers were explored. RESULTS A sample of 5048 preschool children was included in the secular comparison, with 2306 and 2742 from the 2012 and 2018 surveys, respectively. A higher percentage of children in 2018 (41.1% vs 26.7%, p < 0.001) did not achieve the recommended sleep duration. During the survey years, sleep duration decreased by 13 ([95%CI: 18.5 to -8.1]) and 18 min ([95%CI: 23.6 to -12.2]) on weekdays and weekends, respectively. The overall trend of nap decrease was not significant. Sleep onset latency significantly increased on both weekdays (6 min [95%CI: 3.5 to 8.5]) and weekends (7 min [95%CI: 4.7 to 9.9]). Children's sleep duration was positively correlated with parental sleep duration with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.16 to 0.27 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Hong Kong preschool children did not achieve the recommended amount of sleep. A downward secular trend in sleep duration was observed during the survey period. Public health measures to improve sleep duration in preschool children should be a high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ye Lan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kate Ching-Ching Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chun-Ting Au
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peggy Hiu-Ying Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ngan Yin Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yun Kwok Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Kamga Fogno AW, Rouquette A, Gronfier C, Bernard JY, Plancoulaine S. Associations between screen use, outdoor time/daylight exposure and sleep changes during the first COVID-19 lockdown in French children from the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth cohorts. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1649-1656. [PMID: 36807866 PMCID: PMC10173720 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate associations between outdoor and screen time and changes in sleep patterns in children from two nationwide birth-cohorts in the SAPRIS project. METHODS During the first French COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, volunteer parents of children enrolled in the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth-cohorts completed online questions about their child's outdoor time, screen time, and changes in sleep duration and quality compared with the pre-lockdown situation. In 5700 children (aged 8-9 years, 52% boys) with available data, we assessed associations between outdoor time, screen time, and sleep changes using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Children spent on average 3 h08 outdoors and 4 h34 using screens/day (3 h27 for leisure, 1 h07 for class-work). Sleep duration increased in 36% of children and decreased in 13.4%; sleep difficulties appeared/increased in 22.5% and decreased/disappeared/remained stable in 18.3%. After adjustment, increased screen time, especially for leisure, was associated with increased and decreased sleep duration (OR(95%CI) = 1.03(1.00-1.06) and OR = 1.06(1.02-1.10), respectively). No association was observed between outdoor time and sleep changes after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds evidence for the association between high leisure-time screen time and shorter sleep time. It supports current screen guidelines for children, especially during leisure time and for those whose sleep duration is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wilfried Kamga Fogno
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Paris, France.,AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Service de Santé Publique et d'Epidemiologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CRNS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CRNS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
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31
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Lucchini M, Bekelman TA, Li M, Knapp EA, Dong Y, Ballard S, Deoni S, Dunlop AL, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Friedman C, Galarce M, Gilbert-Diamond D, Glueck D, Hedderson M, Hockett CW, Karagas MR, LeBourgeois MK, Margolis A, McDonald J, Ngai P, Pellerite M, Sauder K, Ma T, Dabelea D. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep habits: an ECHO study. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:586-594. [PMID: 36195633 PMCID: PMC9531212 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep in childhood is affected by behavioral, environmental, and parental factors. We propose that these factors were altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates sleep habit changes during the pandemic in 528 children 4-12 years old in the US, leveraging data from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. METHODS Data collection occurred in July 2019-March 2020 (pre-pandemic) and two pandemic periods: December 2020-April 2021 and May-August 2021. Qualitative interviews were performed in 38 participants. RESULTS We found no changes in sleep duration, but a shift to later sleep midpoint during the pandemic periods. There was an increase in latency at the first pandemic collection period but no increase in the frequency of bedtime resistance, and a reduced frequency of naps during the pandemic. Qualitative interviews revealed that parents prioritized routines to maintain sleep duration but were more flexible regarding timing. Children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less at night, had later sleep midpoint, and napped more frequently across all collection periods, warranting in-depth investigation to examine and address root causes. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted children sleep, but parental knowledge of the importance of sleep might have played a significant protective role. IMPACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, US children changed their sleep habits, going to bed and waking up later, but their sleep duration did not change. Sleep latency was longer. Parental knowledge of sleep importance might have played a protective role. Regardless of data collection periods, children from racial/ethnic minoritized communities slept less and went to bed later. This is one of the first study on this topic in the US, including prospective pre-pandemic qualitative and quantitative data on sleep habits. Our findings highlight the pandemic long-term impact on childhood sleep. Results warrants further investigations on implications for overall childhood health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Lucchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Traci A Bekelman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mingyi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily A Knapp
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yanan Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suyin Ballard
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy J Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Chloe Friedman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maren Galarce
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Deborah Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monique Hedderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Christine W Hockett
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amy Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia McDonald
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Pakkay Ngai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Katherine Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ling J, Kao TSA, Robbins LB, Wahman CL. Family lifestyle is related to low-income preschoolers' emotional well-being during COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2023; 36:44-54. [PMID: 36336402 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM COVID-19 has profoundly impacted children's behavioral and psychosocial development, especially young children from low-income families. This study examined how caregivers' and preschoolers' lifestyle behaviors (sleep, screen time, physical activity, eating behavior) were related to preschoolers' emotional well-being (sadness, fear, anger, and positive affect). METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited low-income caregivers from Head Start organizations and the Qualtrics panel. Participants provided consent and completed an online survey. FINDINGS A total of 408 caregivers (mean age = 31) participated: 17% Hispanic, 21% Black, 49% separated/single, 44% unemployed, and 39% with ≤high school education. After adjusting for demographics and preschoolers' lifestyle behaviors, caregivers' sleep disturbance was positively correlated with preschoolers' anger, fear, and sadness, while negatively related to positive affect. Similarly, caregivers' sleep time was positively correlated with preschoolers' sadness and negatively related to positive affect. Preschoolers' sleep time was negatively related to fear and positively related to positive affect. Likewise, preschoolers' physical activity was negatively correlated with fear, sadness, and positively correlated with positive affect. Additionally, preschoolers' fruit/vegetable intake was negatively associated with anger, fear, sadness, and positively associated with positive affect. CONCLUSIONS The identified behavior-emotion connection provides a foundation for developing family-based lifestyle interventions in promoting mental health among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Ling
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tsui-Sui Annie Kao
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Charis Lauren Wahman
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Richter SA, Schilling LB, Ferraz-Rodrigues C, Camargo NF, Nunes ML. The Influence of Parental Sleep and Experiences Related to COVID-19 on Sleep in Children and Adolescents between 2020 and 2021 in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2638. [PMID: 36768003 PMCID: PMC9916314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the influence of parental sleep and experiences related to COVID-19 on sleep changes in children and adolescents in the period between 2020 and 2021 in Brazil and further compare the sleep of adults with and without children. This is a longitudinal web-survey study. Participants were invited to respond to a questionnaire regarding sleep characteristics, mental health issues, and work/lifestyle modifications in two waves of the pandemic (April-July 2020 and 2021). A total of 1172 adults answered both questionnaires, and 281 were dyads (parent-child/adolescent). Parent and non-parent adult responders had similar sociodemographic data, with a predominance of the female sex and self-declared white skin color prevailing along with higher levels of education in both groups. The prevalence of sleep problems in adults varied from 20.6% to 30.2% in the parent group and from 16.9% to 30.1% in non-parents. The prevalence of sleep problems in children and adolescents raised from 2020 to 2021 (respectively, 48% and 49.5%) but differences were not statistically significant. The multivariate logistic model showed in both years that changes in children's/adolescents' sleep was related to parents working at home, infected family/friends, time of exposure to COVID-19, and daytime sleep dysfunction. Our data showed that parental sleep and experiences related to COVID-19 influenced sleep changes in children and adolescents. Parents had a significant difference in daytime sleepiness compared to the group without children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Andresa Richter
- Ph.D. Program on Pediatrics and Child Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Basso Schilling
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ferraz-Rodrigues
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Fritsch Camargo
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Magda Lahorgue Nunes
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
- Brain Institute—Task Force COVID-19, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
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Garbeloto F, Miarka B, Guimarães E, Gomes FRF, Tagusari FI, Tani G. A New Developmental Approach for Judo Focusing on Health, Physical, Motor, and Educational Attributes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2260. [PMID: 36767628 PMCID: PMC9916334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Judo is currently the most practiced combat sport in the world. There is no doubt of its importance for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. However, due to its inherent complexity, coaches tend to place greater or lesser emphasis only on one of its multiple domains during the judoka formative years. The present study presents a novel developmental approach signaling Judo as an excellent way for physical, motor, educational, and health development across the lifespan. In this study, we consulted 23 Judo coaches, aiming to clarify the relevance and adequacy of the domains (Competitive, Health, Technical-Tactical, and Philosophical-Educational) and phases of the proposed model. Our findings showed that the model contents-physical, motor, educational, and health-are entwined with its four domains, which were considered of utmost importance by experts in the development of judokas. We, therefore, contend that our model is essential to better understand the growth and development of young judokas. Also, it may be a useful tool for Motor Development experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Miarka
- Department of Fights, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guimarães
- Centre of Research Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando Ikeda Tagusari
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
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Nopembri S, Mulyawan R, Fauziah PY, Kusumawardani E, Susilowati IH, Fauzi L, Cahyati WH, Rahayu T, Chua TBK, Chia MYH. Time to Play in Javanese Preschool Children-An Examination of Screen Time and Playtime before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1659. [PMID: 36767027 PMCID: PMC9914421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This comparative-descriptive multi-national research examined the screen time and playtime of preschool children aged 1-6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported on the play and screen habits of preschool-aged children on the weekday and weekends using a questionnaire on the lifestyle habits of their children. Results indicated a significant difference in screen time and playtime on the weekday and weekend before the pandemic (screen time: 1.91 ± 2.40 vs. 2.16 ± 2.60 h; playtime: 3.55 ± 2.49 vs. 4.11 ± 2.58 h, both p < 0.05), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, only the weekday-weekend difference in screen time was significantly different (screen time: 2.87 ± 3.15 vs. 3.26 ± 3.18 h, p < 0.05; playtime: 3.25 ± 3.41 vs. 3.48 ± 2.41, p > 0.05). Before- and during-COVID-19 comparisons showed that the average daily screen time increased by 150% from 2.04 h to 3.06 h (p < 0.05), while the average play time decreased by 12.3% (3.83 to 3.36 h, p < 0.05). Based upon international guidelines for movement behaviours of young children, special attention and actions are needed to manage the excessive daily screen time and preserve the average daily playtime of Javanese preschool children. These results present useful benchmarking data for parents, teachers, and health authorities to initiate ameliorative interventions to better balance children's screen time and playtime as Indonesia emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic to a COVID-19 endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Nopembri
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Mulyawan
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Puji Yanti Fauziah
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Erma Kusumawardani
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indri Hapsari Susilowati
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Fauzi
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Widya Hary Cahyati
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Tandiyo Rahayu
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Altın B, Erden G. A Review of Studies on the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Psychological Effects of Related Measures on Children, Youth and Parents. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 34:202-214. [PMID: 37724646 PMCID: PMC10645015 DOI: 10.5080/u25936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics are social events that affect individuals' lives in many ways and have a significant impact on the mental health of masses. Pandemics and measures taken to combat these epidemics affect children and young people as well as adults. The purpose of the current review is to compile studies that have been conducted on the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related measures on children, youth, and parents, and use the findings to shed light on future studies. In this review, 35 studies that were determined as a result of a comprehensive search in relevant literature were examined. It was observed that the aforementioned studies noted that the COVID-19 global pandemic and the measures taken to combat the epidemic (e.g., quarantine, lockdown, and school closures) had negative psychological effects on children, young people, and parents. Problems observed in children and young people, such as the fear of catching or transmitting the virus, getting bored, not being able to communicate enough with friends and teachers, and problems observed in parents, such as the troubles of negative repercussions of working at home or unemployment and difficulties in communicating with children with the closure of schools, are only a few to name these negative effects. The reviewed studies were discussed taking their limitations into account. Recommendations were made for future studies and intervention programs to be planned for community mental health. Keywords: COVID-19, children and youth, parents, pandemic, quarantine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gülsen Erden
- Prof., Ankara University, Clinical Psychology, Ankara, Turkey
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Physical Activity and Screen Viewing Behaviors Among Children Aged 6-9 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:402-410. [PMID: 36889326 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in many restrictions worldwide, including lockdowns and school closures. This may have prevented children from meeting the recommended physical activity (PA) levels and screen time. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of the pandemic on school-age children's PA and screen time in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study where caregivers of children aged 6-9 years living in Saudi Arabia were recruited through convenience sampling to fill out an online survey between July and August 2020. The survey covered demographic information, PAs, and screen time across 3 periods: pre-COVID-19 pandemic, during the COVID-19 lockdown, and the last 7 days preceding the survey during the pandemic where social distancing applied, but no lockdown. RESULTS A total of 339 caregivers completed the online survey about their children. The number of active children slightly increased during the lockdown (9.7%) than before COVID-19 and the last days (5.8%); however, the average reported days of PA during the pandemic were fewer than before. The findings indicated that all 3 types of screen time (watch time, screenplay, and device time) were longer during the pandemic (mean [SD]: 9.5 [5.5]) than before the COVID-19 (mean [SD]: 5.8 [5.1]). CONCLUSION While the proportion of active children had increased during the lockdown, the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted PA days and screen time in school-age children. School-age children in Saudi Arabia were already far from meeting global guidelines even before the pandemic, highlighting this population's need for healthy lifestyle promotion.
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Heidari-Beni M, Bemanalizadeh M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Changes in Lifestyle Behaviors of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Impact on the Development of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:165. [PMID: 36820330 PMCID: PMC9938715 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quarantine restrictions have changed the usual lifestyle habits of children and adolescents. In this review, we summarize how the COVID-19 outbreak changed lifestyle during childhood and discuss potential short- and long-term effects of NCD high-risk behaviors on health outcomes. Methods: literature search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. All studies that assessed the relationship between COVID-19 outbreak and lifestyle changes were included. Results: NCD risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, prolonged screen time and sedentary behavior, disrupted sleep schedules and sleep quality, as well as mental disorders during COVID19 in childhood, may increase the susceptibility to NCDs in adulthood. These changes in lifestyle behaviors have short and long-term cardio-metabolic and psychological health outcomes. Since it is not clear when COVID-19 is completely controlled, assessment of the interactions between COVID-19 and lifestyle activities in the pediatric age group is critical. Conclusion: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly influenced all levels of health systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, prevention and management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will need to be prioritized even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Mostafa Qorbani,
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, Corresponding author:Roya Kelishadi,
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Beck F, Schmidt SCE, Woll A, Reimers AK. Family predictors of physical activity change during the COVID-19 lockdown in preschool children in Germany. J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7. [PMID: 36527573 PMCID: PMC9759046 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with crucial changes in children's daily life including their physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). Among preschool children, the family represents an important factor for sufficient PA levels by being the gatekeeper for PA. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the family environment, specifically SES, parental support, and having siblings on COVID-19-related changes of PA and ST behavior in 317 (170 boys, 147 girls) German preschool children using longitudinal data. Our results indicate a decline in total amount of sports-related PA, an increase in outdoor play, as well as an increase in leisure ST in preschool children. The changes in total amount of PA differed between children with different levels of parental support as well as in dependence on having siblings. Furthermore, levels of outdoor play and ST in preschool children were influenced by environmental factors like having access to their own garden. We conclude that the family environment (parental support as well as physical environment) is highly relevant for PA and ST levels in preschool children. To provide every child with PA opportunities during potential future lockdowns, restriction policies should be adapted and parents need sophisticated information about the importance of their support and thus the PA levels of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen C. E. Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sport Science & Sport, Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne K. Reimers
- grid.5330.50000 0001 2107 3311Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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Madigan S, Eirich R, Pador P, McArthur BA, Neville RD. Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1188-1198. [PMID: 36342702 PMCID: PMC9641597 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE To limit the spread of COVID-19, numerous restrictions were imposed on youths, including school closures, isolation requirements, social distancing, and cancelation of extracurricular activities, which independently or collectively may have shifted screen time patterns. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in the duration, content, and context of screen time of children and adolescents by comparing estimates taken before the pandemic with those taken during the pandemic and to determine when and for whom screen time has increased the most. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched between January 1, 2020, and March 5, 2022, including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 2474 nonduplicate records were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Study inclusion criteria were reported changes in the duration (minutes per day) of screen time before and during the pandemic; children, adolescents, and young adults (≤18 years); longitudinal or retrospective estimates; peer reviewed; and published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 136 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to May 5, 2022, with a random-effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in daily screen time comparing estimates taken before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 46 studies (146 effect sizes; 29 017 children; 57% male; and mean [SD] age, 9 [4.1] years) revealed that, from a baseline prepandemic value of 162 min/d (2.7 h/d), during the pandemic there was an increase in screen time of 84 min/d (1.4 h/d), representing a 52% increase. Increases were particularly marked for individuals aged 12 to 18 years (k [number of sample estimates] = 26; 110 min/d) and for device type (handheld devices [k = 20; 44 min/d] and personal computers [k = 13; 46 min/d]). Moderator analyses showed that increases were possibly larger in retrospective (k = 36; 116 min/d) vs longitudinal (k = 51; 65 min/d) studies. Mean increases were observed in samples examining both recreational screen time alone (k = 54; 84 min/d) and total daily screen time combining recreational and educational use (k = 33; 68 min/d). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has led to considerable disruptions in the lives and routines of children, adolescents, and families, which is likely associated with increased levels of screen time. Findings suggest that when interacting with children and caregivers, practitioners should place a critical focus on promoting healthy device habits, which can include moderating daily use; choosing age-appropriate programs; promoting device-free time, sleep, and physical activity; and encouraging children to use screens as a creative outlet or a means to meaningfully connect with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel Eirich
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brae Anne McArthur
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang B, Lei SM, Le S, Gong Q, Cheng S, Wang X. Changes in health behaviors and conditions during COVID-19 pandemic strict campus lockdown among Chinese university students. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1022966. [PMID: 36324783 PMCID: PMC9621116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore how a stringent campus lockdown affects the physical activity (PA), sleep and mental health of Chinese university students living in student dormitories during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data on PA, sleep and mental health were collected between 24 March and 4 April 2022 from 2084 university students (mean age = 22.4 years, 61.1% male students) via an online questionnaire distributed by the students’ advisers of each dormitory. The Chinese short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-C), Athens Insomnia Scale (CAIS) and General Health Questionnaire 12-item (GHQ-12) were applied. The Mann–Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the PA profile differences between genders, before and during the lockdown period and between students’ living environments. Chi-squared (χ2) or Fisher’s exact test was used to assess changes in health behaviors by gender and students’ living environment compared to before the lockdown. A mediation model was used to examine whether sleep disorder mediated the relationship between PA and mental health in different students’ living environments. Results Participants reported a significant decrease in weekly total PA levels (63.9%). Mean daily sedentary time increased by 21.4% and daily lying time increased by 10.7% compared to before lockdown. Among the participants, 21.2% had experienced insomnia, and 39.0% reported having high mental distress. Female students reported 10% higher rates of sleep disorders than male students (p < 0.001), and also experienced a higher incidence of mental disorders (p < 0.001). Students living with three roommates had a larger decrease in frequencies and durations of participation in light PA than other students (p < 0.001). PA was negatively associated with sleep and mental health, and sleep disorder was a mediating factor between PA and mental health in the students living with two and three roommates. Conclusion This study showed that strict lockdowns within university dormitories during the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the health of university students by changing their health behaviors, physical activity and sleep. Our findings indicate a need for strategies to promote an active lifestyle for students in space-limited dormitories in order to maintain health during a prolonged lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Man Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglong Le
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuqiang Wang
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuqiang Wang,
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Merellano-Navarro E, Bustamante-Ara N, Russell-Guzmán J, Lagos-Hernández R, Uribe N, Godoy-Cumillaf A. Association between Sleep Quality and Physical Activity in Physical Education Students in Chile in the Pandemic Context: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101930. [PMID: 36292377 PMCID: PMC9601690 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the health restrictions put in place to face the pandemic, a decrease in the levels of physical activity and an alteration in the quality of sleep have been observed. One group susceptible to these changes is represented by students of physical education pedagogy, who, under normal conditions, present high levels of physical activity. However, the correlation between these variables has not been studied in the context of a pandemic lockdown. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the quality of sleep and physical activity level as a function of gender and evaluate the association between quality of sleep and physical activity level in physical education pedagogy students during the COVID-19 pandemic considering sociodemographic and health characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire was applied to 280 Chilean university students of physical education pedagogy. The survey considered sociodemographic information, healthy habits, and self-reported health and included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity levels and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. Results: The prevalence of good sleep quality was 20.4%. Furthermore, 52.9% of students had a high level of physical activity. Regression analysis between PSQI global score and age-adjusted physical activity levels indicated that being male and presenting a high level of physical activity favored a better PSQI global score. Conclusions: The prevalence of good sleep quality was low in general and significantly lower in women. Being male and having a high level of physical activity during quarantine benefits good sleep quality, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
| | - Natalia Bustamante-Ara
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Javier Russell-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Roberto Lagos-Hernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Natasha Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Fogno A, Rouquette A, Gronfier C, Bernard J, Plancoulaine S. Relations entre usage des écrans, exposition à la lumière naturelle et sommeil chez les enfants en France pendant le premier confinement consécutif à l’épidémie SARS-CoV-2. MÉDECINE DU SOMMEIL 2022. [PMCID: PMC9170532 DOI: 10.1016/j.msom.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Neville RD, Lakes KD, Hopkins WG, Tarantino G, Draper CE, Beck R, Madigan S. Global Changes in Child and Adolescent Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:886-894. [PMID: 35816330 PMCID: PMC9274449 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Numerous physical distancing measures were implemented to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus, which could have negatively affected child and adolescent physical activity levels. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature that used validated measures to document changes in child and adolescent physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and to estimate whether changes in physical activity differed between participant-level, contextual, and methodological moderators. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE were searched (from January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2022). A total of 1085 nonduplicate records were retrieved. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if they reported (1) changes in the duration of physical activity at any intensity for children or adolescents (age ≤18 years) comparing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated physical activity measurement tools and were (2) from general population samples, (3) peer-reviewed, and (4) published in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 126 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis, which was conducted in January 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in the duration of engagement in physical activity at any intensity comparing before and during COVID-19. RESULTS Twenty-two studies including 46 independent samples and 79 effect sizes from 14 216 participants (median age, 10.5 years; range, 3-18 years) were included. The percentage change in the duration of engagement in total daily physical activity from before to during COVID-19 was -20% (90% CI, -34% to -4%). Moderation analyses revealed that changes were larger for higher-intensity activities (-32%; 90% CI, -44% to -16%), corresponding to a 17-minute reduction in children's daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. The reduction in physical activity was also larger for samples located at higher latitudes (37%; 90% CI, -1% to 89%) and for studies with a longer duration between physical activity assessments (25%; 90% CI, -0.5% to 58%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Children and adolescents have experienced measurable reductions in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings underscore the need to provide bolstered access to support and resources related to physical activity to ensure good health and social functioning among children and adolescents during pandemic recovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D. Neville
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kimberley D. Lakes
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside
| | - Will G. Hopkins
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giampiero Tarantino
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine E. Draper
- South African Medical Research Council Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rosemary Beck
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fauziah PY, Kusumawardani E, Nopembri S, Mulyawan R, Susilowati IH, Nugraha S, Alimoeso S, Hasiholan BP, Fauzi L, Cahyati WH, Rahayu T, Chua TBK, Chia MYH. Play-Sleep Nexus in Indonesian Preschool Children before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10695. [PMID: 36078411 PMCID: PMC9517845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed Indonesians' behaviors and has had an impact on many facets of daily life. People's lives are becoming increasingly dependent on digital technologies, which is a phenomenon with conflicting effects on people's health and happiness. This cross-sectional study focused on one such influence, namely, how the shift from the period before to during COVID-19 has affected children's playtime and sleep duration. As part of a multicenter study, 618 adult caregivers (parents, family members, or babysitters) who visited the kindergarten in question on behalf of preschool children aged 2-5 years (4.04 ± 1.39) were surveyed on the children's play and sleep habits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly Java Island (before pandemic, N = 309; during pandemic, N = 309). ANOVA was used for a statistical analysis to describe the difference between groups and within time collections. Significant favorable relationships were found between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic playtime and sleeping time on weekdays, weekends, and averaged weekday-weekend (r = 0.437; 0.180 and 0.321, all p < 0.05) were detected. Before the pandemic, children's playtime (4.11 vs. 3.55 h) and sleep duration (10.92 vs. 10.70 h) were significantly greater on the weekend than on the weekday (p < 0.05) but not during the pandemic (playtime: 3.48 vs. 3.45 h and sleep duration: 10.83 vs. 10.80 h; all p > 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on sleep duration or playtime in Javanese preschool children. Efforts should be intensified to promote the value of playtime and sleep duration among children in this age range so that the future of Indonesian children's can be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puji Yanti Fauziah
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Erma Kusumawardani
- Nonformal Education Department, Faculty of Education Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Soni Nopembri
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Mulyawan
- Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Sleman 55281, Indonesia
| | - Indri Hapsari Susilowati
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Susiana Nugraha
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Respati Indonesia, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | | | - Bonardo Prayogo Hasiholan
- Directorate of Productive and Older Adult Ages Health, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Lukman Fauzi
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Widya Hary Cahyati
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Tandiyo Rahayu
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50229, Indonesia
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Richter SA, Ferraz‐Rodrigues C, Schilling LB, Camargo NF, Nunes ML. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2022; 32:e13720. [PMID: 36000251 PMCID: PMC9539085 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We synthesise the literature on the potential influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality in children and adolescents. The search identified studies that examined the relationship between sleep quality and disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. It began in May 2021 and has had two updates with the last in January 2022. The databases used were LILACS, PubMed, and EMBASE. Random effects models were performed to explore heterogeneity between studies. Data were presented as continuous variables (mean value and standard deviation) to perform a meta-analysis. Twenty-nine studies from 16 countries were identified: Nine had children and eight had adolescents. The overall quality of the studies ranged from high (27.6%) to medium (65.5%) and low (6.9%). Eight studies were eligible for meta-analysis. There was an increase in sleep duration during the pandemic when compared with the previous period 0.33 (95%CI -0.07; 0.60) (p < 0.001) and late bedtime 0.78 (95%CI -0.33; 1.22) (p < 0.001). A trend toward reduced sleep efficiency was also detected 0.54 (95%CI -0.75; -0.33) p = 0.20. Parents' reports of increased use of screen media/electronic devices were associated with worse sleep quality. The results suggest an influence of the pandemic on sleep characteristics such as increased sleep duration, late bedtimes, and poor sleep quality. These alterations were related to changes in family routines during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathália Fritsch Camargo
- School of Medicine–Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and Brain Institute–Task Force COVID‐19Porto AlegreBrazil
| | - Magda Lahorgue Nunes
- School of Medicine–Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) and Brain Institute–Task Force COVID‐19Porto AlegreBrazil
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Findley E, LaBrenz CA, Childress S, Vásquez‐Schut G, Bowman K. 'I'm not perfect': Navigating screen time among parents of young children during COVID-19. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:1094-1102. [PMID: 35950221 PMCID: PMC9538032 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of screen time for young children has been hotly debated among experts. This study explored the utilization of screen time among mothers with young children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to understand maternal motivation for utilizing screen time and how mothers have engaged in screen time since the beginning of the pandemic. METHOD This paper uses a sample of n = 25 mothers who participated in an in-depth interview about parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic. The team utilized a thematic analysis approach to qualitatively code the transcripts. All analyses were conducted in Dedoose 8.3, and all transcripts were coded by three independent researchers to enhance rigour. RESULTS Five main themes emerged from the interviews: (1) harbouring screen guilt versus letting it go, (2) managing full-time work and full-time parenting, (3) prioritizing mental sanity, (4) socially distant supports demand screen time and (5) screens can have positive uses, too. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers have resorted to screen time use to cope with increased stress and challenges. However, mothers have also found positive uses for screen time, such as connection with extended family members, peer interaction and educational activities. Findings highlight the need to differentiate screen time use by quality and to update formal screen time guidelines considering changing roles of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Findley
- The University of Texas at Arlington School of Social WorkArlingtonTexasUSA
| | | | - Saltanat Childress
- The University of Texas at Arlington School of Social WorkArlingtonTexasUSA
| | | | - Katrina Bowman
- The University of Texas at Arlington School of Social WorkArlingtonTexasUSA
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De Fazio R, Mattei V, Al-Naami B, De Vittorio M, Visconti P. Methodologies and Wearable Devices to Monitor Biophysical Parameters Related to Sleep Dysfunctions: An Overview. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1335. [PMID: 36014257 PMCID: PMC9412310 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for human health from metabolic, mental, emotional, and social points of view; obtaining good sleep in terms of quality and duration is fundamental for maintaining a good life quality. Over the years, several systems have been proposed in the scientific literature and on the market to derive metrics used to quantify sleep quality as well as detect sleep disturbances and disorders. In this field, wearable systems have an important role in the discreet, accurate, and long-term detection of biophysical markers useful to determine sleep quality. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art wearable systems and software tools for sleep staging and detecting sleep disorders and dysfunctions. At first, the paper discusses sleep's functions and the importance of monitoring sleep to detect eventual sleep disturbance and disorders. Afterward, an overview of prototype and commercial headband-like wearable devices to monitor sleep is presented, both reported in the scientific literature and on the market, allowing unobtrusive and accurate detection of sleep quality markers. Furthermore, a survey of scientific works related the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep functions, attributable to both infection and lifestyle changes. In addition, a survey of algorithms for sleep staging and detecting sleep disorders is introduced based on an analysis of single or multiple biosignals (EEG-electroencephalography, ECG-electrocardiography, EMG-electromyography, EOG-electrooculography, etc.). Lastly, comparative analyses and insights are provided to determine the future trends related to sleep monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Fazio
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Veronica Mattei
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Bassam Al-Naami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Italian Technology Institute IIT, 73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Paolo Visconti
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Sedentary Behavior to Prevent Chronic Diseases during the COVID Pandemic and Beyond. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164666. [PMID: 36012905 PMCID: PMC9410464 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Pardhan S, Parkin J, Trott M, Driscoll R. Risks of Digital Screen Time and Recommendations for Mitigating Adverse Outcomes in Children and Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:765-773. [PMID: 35253225 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented move to emergency remote learning around the world, leading to increased digital screen time for children and adolescents. This review highlights the potential risk of increased screen time to the eye and general health and makes recommendations to mitigate the risks posed. METHODS A narrative review of evidence of increased digital time during the COVID-19 pandemic, the risks linked to increased screen time and offer possible steps to mitigate these in students. RESULTS Digital screen time was found to have increased for children and adolescents in all the studies examined during the pandemic and data suggests that this has an impact on eye and general health. We discuss the associated risk factors and adverse outcomes associated with increased digital screen time. CONCLUSIONS This review offers evidence of increased digital time, highlights some of the well-known and not so well-known risks linked to increased screen time, and offers possible steps to mitigate these in children and adolescents during the pandemic, as well as offering schools and parents strategies to support the eye health of children and adolescents post-pandemic. We discuss a number of interventions to reduce the risk of eye strain, myopia, obesity, and related diseases that have been shown to be linked to increased digital screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahina Pardhan
- Director of Vision and Eye Research Institute, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - John Parkin
- Primary Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Mike Trott
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 2LZ, UK
| | - Robin Driscoll
- Vision and Eye Research Institute (VERI), Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB 2LZ, UK
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