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Favier A, Mathelin C, Gonzalez M, Uzan C. [Breast cancer: Could we consider it as an occupational exposure disease?]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2024:S2468-7189(24)00257-5. [PMID: 38997090 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women in terms of incidence and mortality. The literature currently identifies several risk factors, some modifiable and others not. Because of its multifactorial nature, the combination of factors either increases or reduces the risk of cancer. Since 2004, the first commission's rapport of the French National Environmental Health Plan has recognized the significant impact of occupational exposure on the development of breast cancer. However, neither primary nor secondary preventive measures have yet been implemented in work environment. METHOD Based on available literature, we reviewed current knowledge of breast cancer risk factors associated with occupational exposure. RESULTS The risk factors identified were ionizing radiation, magnetic fields, certain endocrine disruptors, ethylene oxide and night shift work. CONCLUSION Recognition of breast cancer as an occupational disease is complicated. In some cases, however, it may be possible, particularly in cases of multifactorial exposure. This work should help to raise awareness among employers and reinforce preventive measures in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Favier
- Service de chirurgie et cancérologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 938, biologie et thérapeutiques du cancer, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), institut universitaire de cancérologie (IUC) Sorbonne université, Paris, France.
| | - Carole Mathelin
- Service de chirurgie, ICANS, 17, rue Albert-Calmette, 67033 Strasbourg cedex, France; CHRU, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France; IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104, Inserm U 12581, rue Laurent-Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden cedex, France.
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Service de pathologie professionnelle et médecine du travail, CHRU de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
| | - Catherine Uzan
- Service de chirurgie et cancérologie gynécologique et mammaire, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 938, biologie et thérapeutiques du cancer, centre de recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), institut universitaire de cancérologie (IUC) Sorbonne université, Paris, France
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Gulati S, Mosgoeller W, Moldan D, Kosik P, Durdik M, Jakl L, Skorvaga M, Markova E, Kochanova D, Vigasova K, Belyaev I. Evaluation of oxidative stress and genetic instability among residents near mobile phone base stations in Germany. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116486. [PMID: 38820877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) is restricted to prevent thermal effects in the tissue. However, at very low intensity exposure "non-thermal" biological effects, like oxidative stress, DNA or chromosomal aberrations, etc. collectively termed genomic-instability can occur after few hours. Little is known about chronic (years long) exposure with non-thermal RF-EMF. We identified two neighboring housing estates in a rural region with residents exposed to either relatively low (control-group) or relatively high (exposed-group) RF-EMF emitted from nearby mobile phone base stations (MPBS). 24 healthy adults that lived in their homes at least for 5 years volunteered. The homes were surveyed for common types of EMF, blood samples were tested for oxidative status, transient DNA alterations, permanent chromosomal damage, and specific cancer related genetic markers, like MLL gene rearrangements. We documented possible confounders, like age, sex, nutrition, life-exposure to ionizing radiation (X-rays), occupational exposures, etc. The groups matched well, age, sex, lifestyle and occupational risk factors were similar. The years long exposure had no measurable effect on MLL gene rearrangements and c-Abl-gene transcription modification. Associated with higher exposure, we found higher levels of lipid oxidation and oxidative DNA-lesions, though not statistically significant. DNA double strand breaks, micronuclei, ring chromosomes, and acentric chromosomes were not significantly different between the groups. Chromosomal aberrations like dicentric chromosomes (p=0.007), chromatid gaps (p=0.019), chromosomal fragments (p<0.001) and the total of chromosomal aberrations (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the exposed group. No potential confounder interfered with these findings. Increased rates of chromosomal aberrations as linked to excess exposure with ionizing radiation may also occur with non-ionizing radiation exposure. Biological endpoints can be informative for designing exposure limitation strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the dose-effect-relationship between both, exposure intensity and exposure time, to account for endpoint accumulations after years of exposure. As established for ionizing radiation, chromosomal aberrations could contribute to the definition of protection thresholds, as their rate reflects exposure intensity and exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gulati
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | - Pavol Kosik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Matus Durdik
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Lukas Jakl
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Skorvaga
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Markova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominika Kochanova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Vigasova
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic
| | - Igor Belyaev
- Department of Radiobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 05, Slovak Republic.
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Balmori A. Evidence for a health risk by RF on humans living around mobile phone base stations: From radiofrequency sickness to cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113851. [PMID: 35843283 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to perform a complete review of the existing scientific literature to update the knowledge on the effects of base station antennas on humans. Studies performed in real urban conditions, with mobile phone base stations situated close to apartments, were selected. Overall results of this review show three types of effects by base station antennas on the health of people: radiofrequency sickness (RS), cancer (C) and changes in biochemical parameters (CBP). Considering all the studies reviewed globally (n = 38), 73.6% (28/38) showed effects: 73.9% (17/23) for radiofrequency sickness, 76.9% (10/13) for cancer and 75.0% (6/8) for changes in biochemical parameters. Furthermore, studies that did not meet the strict conditions to be included in this review provided important supplementary evidence. The existence of similar effects from studies by different sources (but with RF of similar characteristics), such as radar, radio and television antennas, wireless smart meters and laboratory studies, reinforce the conclusions of this review. Of special importance are the studies performed on animals or trees near base station antennas that cannot be aware of their proximity and to which psychosomatic effects can never be attributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balmori
- C/ Rigoberto Cortejoso, 14 47014, Valladolid, Spain.
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Bas O, Sengul I, Bas OFM, Hanci H, Degermenci M, Sengul D, Altuntas E, Soztanaci US, Sonmez OF, Soares Junior JM. Impressions of the chronic 900-MHz electromagnetic field in the prenatal period on Purkinje cells in male rat pup cerebella: is it worth mentioning? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2022; 68:1383-1388. [PMID: 36417640 PMCID: PMC9683916 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the changes on the Purkinje cells in the cerebella of male rat pups born to pregnant dams that were exposed to an electromagnetic field in the prenatal period. METHODS The first stage of the study involved 12 Sprague-Dawley rats, 6 male and 6 female, weighing between 180 and 250 g. The female rats in the experimental group were exposed to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field for 1 h at the same time every day, and no procedure was performed on the control group. Following pregnancy, six male pups from each group were divided into experimental and control groups without any procedure on the pups. After 2 months, they were sacrificed and their cerebella were removed. Histopathologically, following routine processing and fixation procedures, the cerebella were embedded in the tissue blocks. The sections taken from these blocks were stained with cresyl violet. The Purkinje cells in the cerebella were then counted on sections using the optical dissector method on an image analysis system. RESULTS The estimation of number of the Purkinje cells in the groups revealed more cells in rats in the control group than in the experimental group. Histopathologically, Purkinje cells exhibited a normal morphological structure in the control group, while the cells in the experimental group showed damage. CONCLUSIONS It might be asserted that the exposure of mothers to an electromagnetic field in the prenatal period may affect the development of Purkinje cells in the pup cerebella.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilker Sengul
- Giresun University, Turkey; Giresun University, Turkey
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Balmori A. Corneal opacity in Northern Bald Ibises ( Geronticus eremita) equipped with radio transmitters. Electromagn Biol Med 2022; 41:174-176. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2022.2046046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Balmori
- Environmental Department of Castilla y León, Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain
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