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Gutiérrez-Pérez IA, Delgado-Floody P, Molina-Gutiérrez N, Campos-Jara C, Parra-Rojas I, Contreras-Osorio FH, Falfán-Valencia R, Castro-Alarcón N, Guzmán-Guzmán IP. Changes in lifestyle and physical and mental health related to long-confinement due COVID-19: a study during the first and second pandemic waves in Mexico and Chile. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:174-190. [PMID: 37966812 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2281295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate changes in lifestyle, physical, and mental health during the confinement period of the first and second waves of COVID-19, as well as their relation to sociodemographic parameters and confinement status. Sociodemographic data and information regarding changes in their lifestyle behavior and changes in body weight and physical activity (PA) were collected. The SF-36 questionnaire was implemented for measuring the domains related to physical health (PH) and mental health (MH). The growth frequency of weight gain in the Mexican (4.8%) and Chilean (10.9%) populations was observed during the second wave. The MH component decreased in the Mexican and the Chilean population (p < 0.05). Moreover, the MH decreased significantly according to the degree of confinement (p < 0.01). Although some sociodemographic factors were related to the presence of a very low score (<50 scores) for the MH component during the first wave, it is perceived as a higher relative risk during the second wave in both populations. The long confinement due to COVID-19 is associated to negative changes in nutritional and physical lifestyle behavior, affecting mainly the MH component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nacim Molina-Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Universidad Católica de Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | | | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Salas Quijada C, López-Contreras N, López-Jiménez T, Medina-Perucha L, León-Gómez BB, Peralta A, Arteaga-Contreras KM, Berenguera A, Queiroga Gonçalves A, Horna-Campos OJ, Mazzei M, Anigstein MS, Ribeiro Barbosa J, Bardales-Mendoza O, Benach J, Borges Machado D, Torres Castillo AL, Jacques-Aviñó C. Social Inequalities in Mental Health and Self-Perceived Health in the First Wave of COVID-19 Lockdown in Latin America and Spain: Results of an Online Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095722. [PMID: 37174240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns greatly affected the mental health of populations and collectives. This study compares the mental health and self-perceived health in five countries of Latin America and Spain, during the first wave of COVID 19 lockdown, according to social axes of inequality. This was a cross-sectional study using an online, self-managed survey in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain. Self-perceived health (SPH), anxiety (measured through GAD-7) and depression (measured through PHQ-9) were measured along with lockdown, COVID-19, and social variables. The prevalence of poor SPH, anxiety, and depression was calculated. The analyses were stratified by gender (men = M; women = W) and country. The data from 39,006 people were analyzed (W = 71.9%). There was a higher prevalence of poor SPH and bad mental health in women in all countries studied. Peru had the worst SPH results, while Chile and Ecuador had the worst mental health indicators. Spain had the lowest prevalence of poor SPH and mental health. The prevalence of anxiety and depression decreased as age increased. Unemployment, poor working conditions, inadequate housing, and the highest unpaid workload were associated with worse mental health and poor SPH, especially in women. In future policies, worldwide public measures should consider the great social inequalities in health present between and within countries in order to tackle health emergencies while reducing the health breach between populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia López-Contreras
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Tomás López-Jiménez
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
| | - Laura Medina-Perucha
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
| | - Brenda Biaani León-Gómez
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08303 Mataró, Spain
| | - Andrés Peralta
- Public Health Institute, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Quito 170525, Ecuador
| | - Karen M Arteaga-Contreras
- Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Anillo Periférico #2767, Ed.5 P.B., Alcaldía La Magdalena Contreras, Cuidad de México 10200, Mexico
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
- Departament d'Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Emili Grahit, 77, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Terres de l'Ebre, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 43500 Tortosa, Spain
- Unitat Docent de Medicina de Família i Comunitària Tortosa-Terres de L'Ebre, Institut Català de la Salut, 43500 Tortosa, Spain
| | - Olivia Janett Horna-Campos
- Escuela de Salud Pública "Salvador Allende", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Marinella Mazzei
- Escuela de Salud Pública "Salvador Allende", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Maria Sol Anigstein
- Escuela de Salud Pública "Salvador Allende", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 6850331, Chile
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Center for Epidemiology and Health Surveillance, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília 70904-130, Brazil
| | | | - Joan Benach
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Ecological Humanities Research Group (GHECO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daiane Borges Machado
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Salvador 41745-715, Brazil
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Spain
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Van Laren A, Drießen M, Rasa S, Massar K, Ten Hoor GA. Nutritional changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid scoping review on the impact of psychological factors. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:124-187. [PMID: 36823035 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2180613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 and the resulting measures to curb the spread of the virus have significantly changed our lives, including our nutritional choices. In this rapid scoping review an overview is provided of what psychological factors may be associated with peoples' eating behaviour during COVID-19 restrictions. Relevant literature was identified using PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases from 2019 onwards. For included studies, information on study characteristics, eating behaviours, and psychological factors were extracted. 118 articles were included, representing 30 countries. Findings indicated that most people consumed more and unhealthy food in times of COVID-19 restrictions, while some consumed less but often for the wrong reasons. Several psychological factors, related to (1) affective reactions, (2) anxiety, fear and worriers, (3) stress and (4) subjective and mental wellbeing were found to be associated with this increase in food consumption. These outcomes may help to be better inform future interventions, and with that, to be better prepared in case of future lockdown scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Van Laren
- Department Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mona Drießen
- Department Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Rasa
- Department Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn Massar
- Department Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gill A Ten Hoor
- Department Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Martin MA, Lennon RP, Smith RA, Myrick JG, Small ML, Van Scoy LJ. Essential and non-essential US workers' health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101889. [PMID: 35847125 PMCID: PMC9270843 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We seek to quantify the relationship between health behaviors and work-related experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by predicting health behaviors as a function of essential worker status, job loss, change in work hours, and COVID-19 experiences. We use multivariate models and survey data from 913 employed adults in a semi-rural mid-Atlantic US county, and test whether essential worker results vary by gender, parenthood, and/or university employment. Multivariate models indicate that essential workers used tobacco on more days (4.5; p <.01) and were less likely to sleep 8 h (odds ratio [OR] 0.6; p <.01) than non-essential workers. The risk of sleeping less than 8 h is concentrated among essential workers in the service industry (OR 0.5; p <.05) and non-parents (OR 0.5; p <.05). Feminine essential workers exercised on fewer days (-0.8; p <.05) than feminine non-essential workers. Workers with reduced work hours consumed more alcoholic drinks (0.3; p <.05), while workers with increased work hours consumed alcohol (0.3; p <.05) and exercised (0.6; p <.05) on more days. Essential worker status and changes in work hours are correlated with unhealthy behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Martin
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert P. Lennon
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Rachel A. Smith
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jessica G. Myrick
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Meg L. Small
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lauren J. Van Scoy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Data4Action Research Group
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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