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Al-Smadi M, Abu Khait AF, Shahrour G, Hamaideh SH, Al-Omari H. The mediation role of social support in the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms among Jordanian adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:e375-e382. [PMID: 39127588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullying in school is a universal psychosocial issue that raises concerns about adolescents' safety and mental health and is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Social support could be a preventive factor that eases bullying and its psychological distress. PURPOSE The primary purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Jordan. Another aim was to investigate predictors of depression based on adolescents' sociodemographic factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional, non-experimental mediational study, a stratified and systematic sampling method was used to recruit 270 Jordanian adolescents. RESULTS Sociodemographic variables of being female, having divorced parents, having illiterate fathers, and being older in adolescence explained 12.2% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Family social support partially mediated the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that a notable proportion of adolescents experienced bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, and a positive relationship exists between these two variables. These results further highlight the role of family social support in buffering the negative impact of bullying on depressive symptoms. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE The study's results emphasize the significance of developing and implementing family-centered social support initiatives by nurses to lessen adolescents' bullying experiences and depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marah Al-Smadi
- Department of Nursing Science, Irbid National University 2600, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdallah F Abu Khait
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
| | - Ghada Shahrour
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Shaher H Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Hasan Al-Omari
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
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Fallata EO, Bashekah KA, Alqahtani RM, Althagafi SE, Bardesi MH, Adnan AM, Alfaqih MA, Aljifri AM, Aljifri HM. Interoceptive Awareness Among the General Public in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e49771. [PMID: 38161562 PMCID: PMC10757733 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interoception refers to the cognitive process of perceiving internal bodily states. This encompasses various physiological indicators, including heart rate fluctuations, stomach distention, internal temperature, hydration levels, sensory input from free nerve terminals in the fascia and muscles, as well as hormonal, stretch, and pain receptors. This study aimed to examine the interoceptive awareness among the general public in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was undertaken in Saudi Arabia to investigate the level of interoceptive awareness within the overall population of the country in October 2023. This research used a previously developed questionnaire named the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, version 2 (MAIA-2). In a binary logistic regression analysis, the mean interoceptive awareness score of the participants was utilized as the dummy variable to determine the variables that influence interoceptive awareness. Results A total of 814 participants were involved in this study. Overall, the study participants demonstrated a marginal level of interoceptive awareness with a mean score of 94.3 (standard deviation (SD): 29.3) out of 185 (representing 51.0% of the maximum attainable score). The mean interoceptive score was not consistent across different subscales and ranged between 37.7% and 63.3%. The highest mean interoceptive score was observed for the Trusting subscale (9.5 (SD: 4.5) out of 15) (representing 63.3% of the maximum attainable score for this subscale). The lowest mean interoceptive score was observed for the Not-Distracting subscale (11.3 (SD: 6.9) out of 30) (representing 37.7% of the maximum attainable score for this subscale). Binary logistic regression analysis did not identify any statistically significant difference in the likelihood of having a higher level of interoceptive awareness among the participants based on their demographic characteristics (p>0.05). Conclusion The participants in our research demonstrated a modest degree of interoceptive awareness. The study's results suggest that the participants demonstrated a heightened inclination towards internal experiences rather than being attentive to their bodily sensations. Further investigation is required to examine interoceptive awareness across various cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtihaj Omar Fallata
- Department of Psychiatry, Eradah and Mental Health Complex, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Kadeja Abdulrahman Bashekah
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Saudi Ministry of Health, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Ali Alfaqih
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Alhemedi AJ, Qasaimeh MG, Abdo N, Elsalem L, Qaadan D, Alomari E, lssa Q, Alhadeethi M, Abdul Kareem HM, Almasri A, Elkhateeb O, Naser AY. Depression Among University Students in Jordan After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4237-4249. [PMID: 37873060 PMCID: PMC10590589 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s436293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background University students encounter stressors that make them more susceptible to depression than the general population. Depression negatively impacts mental and physical health. Our study assessed the prevalence of depression among university students in Jordan and its associated predictors after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted this cross-sectional online survey study in the first quarter of 2022 by sending an online questionnaire to university students aged 18 years and older. This study assessed the symptoms of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated predictors of depression. Results A total of 535 university students participated in this study. The mean depression score for the study participants was 13.9 (SD: 7.1) out of 27, representing a moderate level of depression. Among the participants, 26.2% had moderate, 19.3% had moderately severe, and 25.8% had severe depression. Students who drink three or more cups of coffee per day, have had an evaluation of their psychological state by specialists before, and have been diagnosed with any mental illness were more likely to have a higher depression score compared to others (p<0.05). On the other hand, students who were aged 24 years and older and those who practiced regular exercise were less likely to have a higher depression score compared to others (p<0.05). Conclusion We found a high prevalence of depression among university students in Jordan. This result is vital for decision-makers to implement a plan to prevent and manage this mental health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam J Alhemedi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Motaz Ghazi Qasaimeh
- Department of General Surgery and Anesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nour Abdo
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Dina Qaadan
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Esraa Alomari
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Qudama lssa
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Alhadeethi
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Hamza Mazin Abdul Kareem
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ayham Almasri
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Osama Elkhateeb
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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Naser AY, Alwafi H, Itani R, Alzayani S, Qadus S, Al-Rousan R, Abdelwahab GM, Dahmash E, AlQatawneh A, Khojah HMJ, Kautsar AP, Alabbasi R, Alsahaf N, Qutub R, Alrawashdeh HM, Abukhalaf AHI, Bahlol M. Nomophobia among university students in five Arab countries in the Middle East: prevalence and risk factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:541. [PMID: 37496010 PMCID: PMC10369834 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive use of mobile phones leading to development of symptoms suggestive of dependence syndrome with teenagers are far more likely to become dependent on mobile phones as compared to adults. COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of several groups in society, especially university students. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of mobile phone dependence among university students and its associated factors. METHODS Between September 2021 and January 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted at universities in Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia utilizing an online and paper-based self-administered questionnaire. We employed a previously developed questionnaire by Aggarwal et al. RESULTS: A total of 5,720 university students were involved in this study (Egypt = 2813, Saudi Arabia = 1509, Jordan = 766, Lebanon = 432, and Bahrain = 200). The mean estimated daily time spent on using mobile phone was 186.4 (94.4) minutes. The highest mobile dependence score was observed for the university students from Egypt and the lowest mobile dependence score was observed for the university students from Lebanon. The most common dependence criteria across the study sample was impaired control (55.6%) and the least common one was harmful use (25.1%). Females and those reported having anxiety problem or using a treatment for anxiety were at higher risk of developing mobile phone dependence by 15% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION Mobile phone dependence is common among university students in Arab countries in the Middle East region. Future studies exploring useful interventions to decrease mobile phone dependence are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Itani
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salman Alzayani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sami Qadus
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rabaa Al-Rousan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghada Mohammad Abdelwahab
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Dahmash
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Ahmad AlQatawneh
- ACDIMA Center for Bioequivalence and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Clinical Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Angga Prawira Kautsar
- Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Renan Alabbasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alsahaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Qutub
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amer Hamad Issa Abukhalaf
- Florida Institute for Built Environment Resilience, M.E. Rinker, Sr. School of Construction Management, College of design construction and planning, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed Bahlol
- Specialty of Pharmaceutical Management and Economics, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
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Salameh G, Marais D, Khoury R. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among the Population in Jordan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6382. [PMID: 37510614 PMCID: PMC10379603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is a key indicator for public health measures. Jordan is one of the countries that has a high prevalence of mental illness and disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all health services in the country with a high refugee population. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of the pandemic on mental health in Jordan and identify key factors affecting it, in addition to addressing lessons learned from the pandemic. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Medline Plus, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCOHost Psycinfo and Cinhal, following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized using narrative descriptive analysis. RESULTS The pandemic had a significant impact on PTSD, psychological distress, anxiety, depression and stress. Predictors of a higher impact on mental health were related to gender, socio-economic status and comorbidities. The healthcare workers group was the most affected by mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mental health was associated with high levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression and stress. In a country with a high prevalence of mental disorders, prompt and quick measures are needed to support the health system to absorb the effect of the pandemic and be responsive to dealing with the existing high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Salameh
- School of Health, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Debbi Marais
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Types and Sources of Social Support Accessible to University Students with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040464. [PMID: 36832998 PMCID: PMC9957490 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
University students with disabilities face an increased risk of experiencing negative implications in educational, psychological, and social spheres during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed at assessing various dimensions of social support and its sources during the COVID-19 pandemic that availed university students with disabilities. This cross-sectional descriptive study collected data from 53 university students with disabilities. We administered the Social Support Scale (SSC) to assess five dimensions: informational, emotional, esteem, social integration and tangible support, and access to social support from four sources: family, friends, teachers, and colleagues. Multiple regression analysis showed that university students with disabilities mainly relied upon their friends for informational support (β = 0.64; p < 0.001), emotional support (β = 0.52; p < 0.001), and social integration support (β = 0.57; p < 0.001). Family members (β = 0.406; p < 0.01) and colleagues (β = 0.36; p < 0.01) provided esteem support to students with disabilities. Support from teachers demonstrated an association with informational support (β = 0.24; p < 0.05). The findings from the current study suggest that students with disabilities primarily sought informational, emotional, and social integration support from their peers. Although teachers were the primary source of informational support, emotional and esteem support were not found to be significantly associated with them. These findings necessitate exploring the underlying factors and how to enhance them during unusual circumstances such as online distance education and social distancing.
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Yuhuan Z, Pengyue Z, Dong C, Qichao N, Dong P, Anqi S, Hongbo J, Zhixin D. The association between academic stress, social support, and self-regulatory fatigue among nursing students: a cross-sectional study based on a structural equation modelling approach. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:789. [PMID: 36376814 PMCID: PMC9664672 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emphasizes the state of academic stress, social support, and self-regulatory fatigue on the physical and mental development of Chinese nursing students, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between these variables and the mediating role of social support in academic stress and self-regulatory fatigue among a group of undergraduate nursing students in Heilongjiang Province, China, in order to provide a theoretical basis for working to reduce nursing students' self-regulatory fatigue. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1703 nursing students from various academic years completed the scales of social support, academic stress, and self-regulatory fatigue. In the end, there were 797 valid questionnaires, for a recovery rate of 46.80%. For statistical analysis, the independent t-test, Kruskal Wallis test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. In addition, we undertake analyses using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The bulk of nursing students, or 81.4%, are between the ages of 19 and 21. Eighty percent were females. The bulk (93.0%) was comprised of freshmen. Academic stress, social support, and self-regulatory fatigue had total scores of 111.28 ± 29.38, 37.87 ± 6.70, and 45.53 ± 5.55,respectively. Academic stress was correlated with social support and self-regulatory fatigue (all p < 0.001). Social support was an intermediate variable (p < 0.001), with an intermediate effect value of 0.122, representing 32.35% of the total effect. CONCLUSION Academic pressure is associated with an increase in self-regulatory fatigue, mediated by social support. Educational administrators should pay attention to the social support and resource supplement of nursing students, the adjustment and compensatory development of nursing students' physical and mental resources, the advancement of nursing students' internal resource adjustment, and the reduction of their self-regulatory fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yuhuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Student Department, Internship Researcher, 246 Xuefu Road, Heilongjiang Province Harbin, 150086 China
| | - Zheng Pengyue
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, 24 Heping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150040 China
| | - Chen Dong
- Heilongjiang Nursing College, Advanced Practice Nurse, Comprehensive Department of Nursing Education and Research, 209 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086 China
| | - Niu Qichao
- Student Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086 China
| | - Pang Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086 China
| | - Song Anqi
- Student Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086 China
| | - Jiang Hongbo
- Student Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086 China
| | - Di Zhixin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150086 China
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Abu Alhommos AK, AlSaad BA, AlRamadan HS, AlAlwan IA, Butayban LS, AlHamad RA, AlSalman ZA, El Hassan ELW. Knowledge of COVID-19 and Its Treatment Among Healthcare Worker in Al-Ahsa Region of Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2481-2492. [PMID: 36329926 PMCID: PMC9624203 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s382706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To find out how well healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia's eastern region knew about the novel coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of its symptoms, transmission, and treatment. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Saudi Arabian region of Al-Ahsa. Between December 2020 and March 2021, a questionnaire was distributed in the main hospitals in the eastern region: King Fahad Hospital, Prince Saud Bin Jalawi Hospital, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, and Maternity and Children's Hospital. Participants' knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and treatment was assessed using our developed questionnaire tool. The Student's t-test/ANOVA test was used to compare the mean knowledge scores of different demographic groups. Results A total of 300 HCWs participated in this study. Our study sample's mean knowledge score was 6.9 (SD = 2.1) out of 13 (53.1%), indicating a marginal degree of understanding. The duration of practice had a significant effect on the participants' knowledge of COVID-19. Senior and non-Saudi HCWs had a higher knowledge score than the rest of the groups (p ≤ 0.05). The majority of the participants were able to identify that COVID-19 is transmitted from human to human through respiratory droplets, populations at higher risk of developing severe complications, populations needing screening for COVID-19, main clinical symptoms of COVID-19, and were following the WHO guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion According to our findings, HCWs only had marginal knowledge about the symptoms, transmission, and treatment of COVID-19. As our findings represent early investigation at the start of the pandemic, more research is needed to evaluate the degree of information gathered two years after the outbreak began. Furthermore, future research should identify knowledge gaps in the targeted population of HCWs and provide strategies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Ahmed AlSaad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebah Saleh AlRamadan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inass Ahmed AlAlwan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Saleh Butayban
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruqaeya Abdullah AlHamad
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - E L Walid El Hassan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia
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Alwafi H, Naser AY, Aldhahir AM, Fatani AI, Alharbi RA, Alharbi KG, Almutwakkil BA, Salawati E, Ekram R, Samannodi M, Almatrafi MA, Rammal W, Assaggaf H, Qedair JT, Al Qurashi AA, Alqurashi A. Prevalence and predictors of nomophobia among the general population in two middle eastern countries. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:520. [PMID: 35918684 PMCID: PMC9344455 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nomophobia is a psychological condition caused by a fear of disconnecting from others through mobile phones. AIM This study aims to determine the prevalence of and predictors of nomophobia and anxiety symptoms among the general population in Saudi Arabia and Jordan. METHODS This study was an observational cross-sectional study using a web-based online survey distributed in two middle eastern countries (Saudi Arabia and Jordan) between Jun 24 and Jul 20, 2021. A convenience sample was used to recruit the study participants. Categorical variables were identified as frequencies and percentages. In addition, a binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with nomophobia symptoms. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 27 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA), analyzed the data. RESULTS A total of 5,191 responded to the online survey. Around (26.5%) reported that they suffer from an anxiety problem or use a treatment for anxiety. The median daily time spent using a mobile phone (IQR) (minutes) was around 210 min per day. About half of the study sample (51.2%) are diagnosed with dependence syndrome. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that those within the age group of 30-49 years and 50 years and above) are less likely to have mobile phone dependence compared to those less than 30 years old. Females were 16% at lower risk of developing mobile phone dependence compared to males Married participants were less likely to have mobile phone dependence compared to single participants (OR: 0.62 (95% CI 0.56-0.70)), while divorced participants were at a 46% higher risk of developing mobile phone dependence. CONCLUSION Nomophobia prevalence among Saudi Arabia and Jordon's population is 51.2%. Several factors may predict mobile phone dependence including age, gender, marital status, and previous history of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- grid.460941.e0000 0004 0367 5513Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulelah M. Aldhahir
- grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Respiratory Therapy Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Idrees Fatani
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Awaili Alharbi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawlah Ghazi Alharbi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Braah Ali Almutwakkil
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Almatrafi
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Rammal
- grid.415254.30000 0004 1790 7311Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- grid.412832.e0000 0000 9137 6644Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah T. Qedair
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- grid.412149.b0000 0004 0608 0662College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.452607.20000 0004 0580 0891King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Abdulmannan DM, Naser AY, Ibrahim OK, Mahmood AS, Alyoussef Alkrad J, Sweiss K, Alrawashdeh HM, Kautsar AP. Visual health and prevalence of dry eye syndrome among university students in Iraq and Jordan. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35698109 PMCID: PMC9192247 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES), is a multifactorial disease that affects the ocular surface and contributes to the ocular symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the general population and university students' health in different ways. The pandemic forced many people including university students around the world to use virtual platforms on their digital devices, such as computers and smartphones, to work from a distance. This study aimed to explore the visual health and prevalence of dry eye syndrome among university students in Iraq and Jordan. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Iraq and Jordan using online questionnaire tool for the duration between November 2021 and January 2022. University students in Jordan and Iraq were invited to participate in this study and formed the study population. No restrictions on study level or field of study were applied. A previously developed and validated questionnaire tools were used in this study (National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire - 25 (VFQ-25) and the Women's Health Study Questionnaire (WHS), which was developed by Schaumberg et al.). A total of 1,431 university students were involved in this study (1,018 students from Iraq, 71.1%). Around one third the study participants (29.0%) reported that have been diagnosed by a clinician as having dry eye syndrome. Around15.3% of the total study participants reported that they feel their eyes are dry (not wet enough) and 17.3% reported that they feel their eyes are irritated. Based on Women's Health Study Questionnaire (WHS) criteria, a total of 479 participants (33.4%) are symptomatically diagnosed with DES. Students aged 27-29 years, those at their fifth year of study, and those who wear contact lenses are at higher risk of developing DYS compared to others. Dry eye syndrome is common health problem among university students. Further studies are required to identify other risk factors associated with DES. Future research should focus on identifying strategies that could help reduce the risk of developing DES as a result of the inevitability of long-term use of digital devices among many categories of society, including university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Omar Khaleel Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Jamal Alyoussef Alkrad
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kanar Sweiss
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Angga Prawira Kautsar
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Global Health, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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EL Hassan ELW, Abu Alhommos AK, Aliadhy D, Alsalman S, Alnafaa O, Mohamed A. Public Knowledge, Beliefs and Attitudes toward the COVID-19 Vaccine in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:853. [PMID: 35627990 PMCID: PMC9140746 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the help of vaccines, the world has witnessed a substantial decrease and even the eradication of many infectious diseases. Many factors influenced the public's acceptance and compliance with the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire link was distributed through social media platforms. The questionnaire tool assessed the participants' general knowledge and the barriers to taking the COVID-19 vaccine. All people who are currently living in Saudi Arabia and are at least 16 years old were included in the study and formed the study population. Based on our inclusion criteria, a total of 2,198 individuals were enrolled in this study. RESULTS Participants who were willing to take the vaccine were 68%. After vaccination, 10% of the participants think they can stop wearing face masks and washing their hands. Two-thirds of the participants think that the vaccine is effective in preventing COVID-19 infection. A total of 44.0% of the participants were afraid of the vaccine. The most common reasons were fear of unknown side effects (53.9%) and believing that the vaccine was not tested enough (27%). More than half of the study participants had a preference for receiving the Pfizer vaccine (52%). CONCLUSION The public's acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Unknown side effects, widespread misconceptions, and a lack of adequate safety trials are all important reasons for concern among Saudis. More educational materials and awareness efforts will help to alleviate the fear that surrounds it. This will boost the vaccine's acceptance rate in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 43518, Saudi Arabia; (E.W.E.H.); (D.A.); (S.A.); (O.A.); (A.M.)
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Sleep Quality, Insomnia, Anxiety, Fatigue, Stress, Memory and Active Coping during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094940. [PMID: 35564337 PMCID: PMC9104759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep quality, insomnia, anxiety, stress, fatigue and active coping in the United States. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a publicly available database taken from the Boston College COVID-19 Sleep and Well-Being Dataset. We have selected the most recent data that included information about sleep quality and other measures, including insomnia, anxiety, stress, fatigue and coping, collected between 22 February−8 March 2021. Results: A total of 476 subjects were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 38.8 (17.8) years, and there were more females (85%) than males. The population had a mean (SD) score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of 6 (3.2), with 65% having the prevalence of poor sleep quality (defined as PSQ ≥ 5; n = 311). The mean (SD) score for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was 6.9 (5.2), with 55 subjects (11.5%) having clinical insomnia (defined as ISI ≥ 15); of whom 9% had severe clinical insomnia. There were positive correlations between PSQI and ISI (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), PROMIS fatigue scale (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). The PSQI was inversely correlated with the John Henryism Active Coping Scale (JHACS) and memory scale. In the multivariate regression model, JHACS, ISI, fatigue, PSS and GAD-7 were significant predictors of PSQI, and these variables accounted for 62% of the variance of PSQI, adjusted for age and gender. Conclusion: An important contribution to the literature is made by this research, which demonstrates the significant prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with insomnia and other mental and physical well-being. It also underlines the need to prioritise policy and public health efforts to address sleep issues that have substantial health and economic effects for both individuals and the population at large.
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Credibility and Involvement of Social Media in Education-Recommendations for Mitigating the Negative Effects of the Pandemic among High School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052767. [PMID: 35270460 PMCID: PMC8910481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the context of considerations on the potential attenuation of the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic with the use of credible social media in online education during a pandemic, the subject of our own research was the fulfillment of two goals. The main research goals were to identify, categorize, and evaluate the possibilities of using social media in online education during the pandemic from the perspective of selected teachers and students from secondary schools in Slovakia. The research methods of the first phase (qualitative) of the research involved brainstorming among nine secondary school teachers. The second research phase (quantitative) used a questionnaire, which was completed by 102 high school students from all over Slovakia. The collection of both quantitative and qualitative data was used in this research. The research results revealed the most representative opinions of teachers on the current and real possibilities of engaging credible social media in online education and the views of high school students on their desired use and involvement of social media in online education. The intersection of the two findings presents a picture of the possibilities of using credible social media in online education, which can help maintain students’ interest in online education during a pandemic. Based on these findings, it can be stated that the opinions identified in the research group of teachers correspond to a large extent with the desired use of social media in education from the perspective of students. In addition, however, students would welcome more opportunities to use and engage social media in today’s online education. The result of this research is an analysis of social media patterns applied to online education, which are of greater interest to students and could act as elements for reducing the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., six forms of online education and 24 educational activities that could contribute, inter alia, to mitigating the different negative effects of the pandemic among youth generation. The findings also benefit from the presentation of many specific options and recommendations for the use of social media in online education during a pandemic.
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