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Ozbozkurt OB, Bahar E, Yesilkus F. Fear of COVID-19 as a mediator within the impact of presenteeism on social loafing1. Work 2024; 77:431-443. [PMID: 37742682 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused employees to be mentally absent at work and decreased their motivation and effort when they work collaboratively rather than individually due to the fear of transmission. OBJECTIVES The study aims to test the effect of fear caused by COVID-19 on levels of presenteeism and social loafing from job tasks of employees. METHODS Data were collected from 522 white-collar and blue-collar workers in Turkey by the snowball sampling method. Before testing the hypotheses, CFA was performed. Reliability analysis was assessed via Cronbach Alpha (FCV-19S = 0.941; PS = 0.713; SLS = 0.974), AVE (FCV-19S = 0.686; PS = 0.524; SLS = 0.725), and CR (FCV-19S = 0.734; PS = 0.722; SLS = 0.856) values. The mediating effect of fear of COVID-19 within the impact on presenteeism on social loafing was evaluated through Process Macro for SPSS. The coefficients for both direct and indirect effects were calculated in the 95% confidence interval using 5,000 bootstrap replicates. RESULTS The results show that presenteeism has a significant positive impact on social loafing. Fear of COVID-19 has a statistically significant impact on presenteeism and social loafing. Also, fear of COVID-19 partially mediates within the impact of presenteeism on social loafing in the study. CONCLUSION Organizations should consider employees' views to increase the level of well-being and productivity. A high level of inventiveness from organizations is compulsory to explore which organizational roles and workflow are at least remotely operated during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emel Bahar
- Vocational School, Tarsus University, Tarsus-Mersin, Turkey
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Elshaer IA, Algezawy M, Ghaleb MMS, Mohamed SA, Azazz AMS. The Impact of Social Loafing on Turnover Intention for Tourism Employees Post COVID-19: The Mediating Role of Mental Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095702. [PMID: 37174220 PMCID: PMC10178176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread changes in the way that people work, including an increase in remote work and changes in group dynamics. Social loafing, the phenomenon of reduced individual effort in group settings, has been widely studied in the literature. However, less is known about the potential impacts of social loafing on mental health and turnover intention in this relationship. In this study, we hypothesized that social loafing would be related to turnover intention and that mental health would mediate this relationship. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 full-time tourism employees in Egypt. The obtained data were analyzed by Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our results indicated that social loafing was significantly related to turnover intention and negative mental health consequences significantly mediated this relationship. The results showed that stress (as a dimension of mental health) experienced by employees may act as a mediator between social loafing and turnover intention. On the other hand, depression and anxiety were not observed to have a similar mediating effect. This implies that stress could play a vital role in the decision-making process of employees who are contemplating leaving their job due to social loafing. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at reducing social loafing may have the added benefit of improving mental health and decreasing turnover intention in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Elshaer
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Algezawy
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad M S Ghaleb
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa A Mohamed
- Social Studies Department, College of Arts, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alaa M S Azazz
- Social Studies Department, College of Arts, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Chang L, Mohsin M, Iqbal W. Assessing the nexus between COVID-19 pandemic-driven economic crisis and economic policy: lesson learned and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22145-22158. [PMID: 36282386 PMCID: PMC9593987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examines China's budgetary policy during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of China's insufficient ability to deal with a new crisis when the epidemic struck in March 2020 and as a result of the economic crisis that began in China in March 2020. In order to better comprehend China's economic status during COVID-19, the study relies on secondary data. The fiscal response of emerging market economies like India is less than in advanced economies. However, it is generally considered to be in line with the average for emerging market economies. As a result of the Disaster Management authority imposing a rigorous lockdown, unemployment rose, the trade cycle was interrupted, and manufacturing and service activities were affected. According to the study's findings, China's economic policies, namely its fiscal policy, responded in the years leading up to 2019 by increasing health expenditure, income transfer, welfare payments, subsidies, and reducing short-term unemployment. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, China's government has adopted a number of measures to minimize the damage to the economy. This article also focuses on China's numerous budgetary actions with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- School of Economics, PEKING University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 China
| | - Wasim Iqbal
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, 75190 Pakistan
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Chen Q, Li Y, Wang R, Shen R. How COVID-19 Perceived Risk Causes Turnover Intention Among Chinese Flight Attendants: A Moderated Mediation Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:95-108. [PMID: 36660257 PMCID: PMC9842525 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s398469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examined the influencing mechanism and boundary conditions underlying the relation between COVID-19 perceived risk and flight attendants' turnover intention by investigating the mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating effect of job crafting. Methods A two-wave survey was conducted with 240 Chinese flight attendants. We used structural equation modeling to test the moderated mediation model. Results The results indicated that perceived risk of COVID-19 positively affected flight attendants' job insecurity and turnover intention. Moreover, job insecurity plays a fully mediating role in the relationship between perceived risk and turnover intention. Furthermore, the mediating role of job insecurity was moderated by job crafting; for higher levels of job crafting (opposed to low), the effect of job insecurity on turnover intention was significantly weaker. Conclusion Our findings indicate that dissipating job insecurity and increasing job crafting behavior are critical to employees' work-related attitudes and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishan Chen
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Qishan Chen, Email
| | - Yonghsuan Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruochun Wang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixing Shen
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Tian Y, Luan Y, Wang N. COVID-related stressors on career insecurity: The moderating effects of family support and openness. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2022.2121482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Tian
- School of Labour and Human Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Luan
- School of Labour and Human Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Business, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Gao Y, Liu H. How to enhance psychological security of enterprise employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: Based on MRA and fsQCA. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36313582 PMCID: PMC9589553 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The economic impact caused by the outbreak and dynamic evolution of COVID-19 has reduced employees' psychological security (PS), which not only threatens the physical and mental health of employees but also seriously affects the stable operation and sustainable development of enterprises. PS has been determined to be closely related to daily life experiences. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the types and combinations of life events that improve employees' PS during the pandemic. Cross-sectional data came from 764 enterprise employees in 8 provinces and cities in China during the pandemic period. The participants completed the PS scale to evaluate their PS, and the PS events scale to evaluate the different types of daily life events they experienced. Multiple regression analysis (MRA) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methods were used to test the research hypothesis. The results of MRA suggest that rich leisure activities (RLA), harmonious family relationship (HFR), stable economic order (SEO) and recognition and support from others (RSO) are important life events that enhance employees' PS. The results of fsQCA suggest that the independent role of SEO, the combined role of sound social security system (SSSS), peace and health events (PHE) and HFR, the combined role of PHE, fulfilling work/life status (FWLS), SEO and RSO can substitute for each other to promote employees' high PS. This article reveals the contribution of daily life events to the PS of enterprise employees, and provides an empirical basis for formulating corresponding intervention measures to promote the physical and mental health of enterprise employees and effective enterprise management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China
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Cuc LD, Feher A, Cuc PN, Szentesi SG, Rad D, Rad G, Pantea MF, Joldes CSR. A Parallel Mediation Analysis on the Effects of Pandemic Accentuated Occupational Stress on Hospitality Industry Staff Turnover Intentions in COVID-19 Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12050. [PMID: 36231347 PMCID: PMC9564611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze how different effects of the COVID pandemic, expressed through pandemic accentuated occupational stress, perceived job insecurity, occupational safety and health perception and perceived organizational effectiveness, may impact turnover intentions of the personnel in the hospitality industry. Our research team designed an online questionnaire which was analyzed with network analysis to depict the relationship between factors, and, then, a confirmatory factor analysis was employed to confirm the distribution of the items to the envisaged five factors. Based on a sample of 324 randomized Romanian hospitality industry staff, the results of our cross-sectional study revealed that occupational safety and health perception, perceived organizational effectiveness and perceived job insecurity in the pandemic accentuated occupational stress to indirectly and significantly impact hospitality industry staff turnover intentions (TI). The results indicated that, while the total effect of PAOS on TI was significant, the direct effect was still significant, while all three mediators remained significant predictors. Overall, mediators partially mediated the relationship between PAOS and TI, indicating that employees with low scores on occupational safety and health perception (OSHP), and perceived organizational effectiveness (POE) and high scores on perceived job insecurity (PJI) were more likely to have higher levels of TI turnover intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Denisia Cuc
- Faculty of Economical Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Andrea Feher
- Department of Economy and Firm Financing, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Paul Nichita Cuc
- Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Dana Rad
- Center of Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Gavril Rad
- Center of Research Development and Innovation in Psychology, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Mioara Florina Pantea
- Faculty of Economical Sciences, Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, 310032 Arad, Romania
| | - Cosmin Silviu Raul Joldes
- Faculty of International Business and Economics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 București, Romania
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Do You Feel Safe Here? The Role of Psychological Safety in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Turnover Intention Amid COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jrfm15080340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite their significant role in the performance of hotel industry, hotel workers are suffering from high rates of turnover, due to several reasons, particularly amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has had numerous negative consequences on hotel workers, including their intention to leave the job or/and career. This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of transformational leadership on turnover intention amid COVID-19 and how psychological safety can intermediate this relationship. The study used a quantitative research approach via a pre-test instrument, self-distributed and collected from hotel workers at different regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Valid responses from 1228 workers, analyzed through a structural equation modeling (SEM) of AMOS version 23, showed that transformational leadership has a significant negative impact on turnover intention as hypothesized. Nevertheless, it has a significant positive impact on psychological safety, whereas psychological safety has a significant negative impact on turnover intention. The most important finding of this study was the perfect mediating effect of psychological safety in the link between transformational leadership and workers’ turnover intention. This finding confirms that psychological safety has the ability to change the above-mentioned link. In other words, the presence of psychological safety ensures negative turnover intention, even if transformational leadership practices do not exist. The findings have implications for scholars and practitioners, especially in tourism and hotel context, in relation to the role of psychological safety and transformational leadership in creating a sustainable working environment to maintain a lower turnover intention.
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Yılmaz Y, Üngüren E, Tekin ÖA, Kaçmaz YY. Living with Infection Risk and Job Insecurity during COVID-19: The Relationship of Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8516. [PMID: 35886371 PMCID: PMC9316448 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused a stressful process for hospitality employees in terms of both being infected and experiencing the risk of losing their jobs. Stressful working conditions increase employees' turnover intentions (TI). This study aims to analyze the relationship among perceived organizational support (POS), organizational commitment (OC), and turnover intention (TI) within the context of employees' infection status and perceived job insecurity (JI). In this context, the study tests a moderated mediation research model. Having adopted a quantitative research method, data were acquired from 490 respondents who work at five-star accommodation companies in Alanya, Turkey. Findings show that the impact of POS on OC and IT differ according to employees' infection status during the COVID-19 outbreak and their perceived JI. The findings of the study reveal empirical results in understanding employee attitudes toward companies alongside perceived job insecurity for those who are infected as well as for those who are not. Moreover, the study presents theoretical and practical contributions to reduce the negative impact of job insecurity and risk of infection on turnover intentions, which have been considered to be main sources of stress throughout the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yılmaz
- Department of Recreation Management, Faculty of Tourism, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Engin Üngüren
- Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya 07450, Turkey;
| | - Ömer Akgün Tekin
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Manavgat Faculty of Tourism, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07600, Turkey;
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Influences of Distributive Injustice and Job Insecurity Amid COVID-19 on Unethical Pro-Organisational Behaviour: Mediating Role of Employee Turnover Intention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127040. [PMID: 35742287 PMCID: PMC9222369 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drawn on Social Exchange Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory, this study developed a research model to examine the direct influence of job insecurity and distributive injustice, which were common in many hotels amid COVID-19, on unethical pro-organisation behaviour (UPoB) among hotel employees. The study also examines the mediating role of turnover intention in the relationship between job insecurity, and distributive injustice, which was result of the COVID-19 pandemic on UPoB. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was self-dropped and collected through personal network to hotel employees in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The results of structural equation modelling using AMOS (version 23) supported all the study hypotheses. The results showed a significant positive influence of distributive injustice and job insecurity on UPoB among hotel employees. Moreover, turnover intention was found to have a partial mediation role in the relationship between job insecurity, distributive injustice and UPoB. The results extend our understanding of Social Exchange Theory and Conservation of Resources Theory that employees in hotels are more likely to protect themselves and their job by engaging in UPoB if they perceived their job at threat due to a crisis, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic. The major conclusion of current research is that when hotels employees perceived job insecurity and distributive injustice because of the pandemic, they responded with high turnover intention and as a last choice engaging in UPoB to save their resources, in this case their jobs, since they have no other alternatives outside the organisations. However, this inappropriate antisocial behaviour could have a negative influence on both employees and organisation at the long term. The results of current research have several theoretical implications for tourism scholars and managerial implication for hoteliers.
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Gharbi H, Aliane N, Al Falah KA, Sobaih AEE. You Really Affect Me: The Role of Social Influence in the Relationship between Procedural Justice and Turnover Intention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5162. [PMID: 35564571 PMCID: PMC9102441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to test the impact of procedural justice on employees’ turnover intention via their intention to stay or give up their positions by putting social influence in the spotlight as a mediating variable. Although the topic dealing with the relationship linking organizational justice to turnover intention has taken some wrinkles, there has been no published research, to the best of researchers’ knowledge, that integrates social influence as a mediating variable between the aforementioned relationships. A questionnaire survey was administered to 558 employees working in a renowned banking institution located in the capital city of Tunis, Tunisia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results using AMOS software, IBM, version 23, showed that social influence partially mediated the relationship between procedural justice and turnover intention. More specifically, procedural justice has a significant negative effect on turnover intention (β = −0.30, p < 0.01) and a significant positive effect on social influence (β = +0.54, p < 0.01), which will have a significant positive effect on turnover intention (β = +0.91, p < 0.01). The results confirm that procedural justice is necessary for any organization; however, it is not enough to eliminate the turnover intention, especially with the presence of social influence. Social influence alters the judgments of those caught in its nets. This intangible aspect and power is even more enigmatic and harmful, which can lead to a change in cognitive references and behaviors. Social influence heavily affects the spontaneity of individuals and they became subject to dominant forces, which has to be properly controlled by management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Gharbi
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.G.); (N.A.); (K.A.A.F.)
- School of Business, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Nadir Aliane
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.G.); (N.A.); (K.A.A.F.)
| | - Khaled A. Al Falah
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.G.); (N.A.); (K.A.A.F.)
| | - Abu Elnasr E. Sobaih
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.G.); (N.A.); (K.A.A.F.)
- Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Helwan University, Cairo 12612, Egypt
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Elshaer IA, Azazz AMS, Mahmoud SW, Ghanem M. Perceived Risk of Job Instability and Unethical Organizational Behaviour Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Family Financial Pressure and Distributive Injustice in the Tourism Industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2886. [PMID: 35270579 PMCID: PMC8910637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The economic disaster precipitated by the pandemic of COVID-19 changed people's perceptions of ordinary job stability and elevated it to an ultimate high level. To avoid being laid off, employees who are concerned about job stability may engage in unethical activities in the name of their employer. In this study, the influence of job instability on unethical organizational behaviour (UOB) was investigated through the mediating role of family financial pressure and distributive injustice. Perceptions of 830 employees working in hotels (5-star and 4-star) and travel agencies (Category A) were explored and further analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results asserted that family financial pressure and distributive injustice partially mediated the effects of job insecurity on UOB. Important insights on theoretical and practical implications were further deliberated towards the end of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A. Elshaer
- Department of Management, School of Business, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Alaa M. S. Azazz
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Arts College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia;
- Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Samy Wageh Mahmoud
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Marwa Ghanem
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Arts College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia;
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Tang Y, Dias Martins LM, Wang SB, He QX, Huang HG. The impact of nurses' sense of security on turnover intention during the normalization of COVID-19 epidemic: The mediating role of work engagement. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1051895. [PMID: 36530650 PMCID: PMC9751979 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1051895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic has entered a normal stage in China. During this phase, nurses have an increased workload and mental health issues that threaten the sense of security. Poor sense of security may have a considerable impact on turnover intention through low work engagement. It was challenging to maintain the nurse workforce. Fewer studies have been conducted on the effect of nurses' sense of security on their turnover intention in that phase. This study aimed to investigate the interrelationship between nurses' sense of security, work engagement, and turnover intention during the normalization phase of the epidemic in China and to explore the impact of sense of security on turnover intention. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 in Guangdong Province, China. Data were collected online using Sense of Security Scale for Medical Staff (SSS-MS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and Turnover Intention Scale. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between sense of security, work engagement, and turnover intention. The hypothesis model used multiple linear regression models and the bootstrapping procedure to analyze the relationship between these variables. RESULTS Data were collected from 2,480 nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Over half(64.5%) of nurses had a high and very high turnover intention. After controlling the demographic and working variables, sense of security (β = 0.291, P < 0.001) had a direct positive effect on work engagement. Sense of security (β = -0.447, P < 0.001) and work engagement (β = -0.484, P < 0.001) had a direct negative effect on turnover intention. Sense of security and all of its components were associated with turnover intention through the partially mediating effects of work engagement. CONCLUSIONS Nurses' turnover intention was at a high level during the normalization phase of the epidemic. Sense of security and its components act as positive resources to reduce turnover intention by improving work engagement. Policy makers and managers may pay attention to the needs of nurses' sense of security, which may be a new perspective to help managers reduce their turnover intention and stabilize the nurse team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Luís M. Dias Martins
- BRU-Business Research Unit, ISCTE-IUL (Institute University of Lisbon), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Shi-bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-xia He
- Nursing Department, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui-gen Huang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- BRU-Business Research Unit, ISCTE-IUL (Institute University of Lisbon), Lisbon, Portugal
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-gen Huang
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