Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire-Polish Adaptation (WFRQ-PL)

Risk and protective factors for postpartum depression among Polish women - a prospective study

This prospective study conducted at a single center in 2022 aims to identify risk and protective factors for postpartum depression (PPD) in Polish women and to assess the impact of pregnancy, delivery, the postpartum period, and psychosocial factors on PPD. After delivery and 4 weeks later, 311 women filled out two questionnaires of our design related to risk factors for PPD. Immune Power Personality Questionnaire, Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire, and Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale were also applied. The predictors of PPD identified at two time points included: use of antidepressants, previous depressive episodes, family history of depression, risk of preterm delivery, anxiety about child's health, and breastfeeding and sleep problems. Risk factors for PPD found only after delivery were: suicidal ideation before pregnancy, stressful life events, premature rupture of the membranes, and cesarean section. Inhalation analgesia during labor reduced the PPD frequency. At 4 weeks' postpartum, regular physical activity was also predictive of PPD, while breastfeeding, financial satisfaction, and sufficient sleep duration were protective factors. PPD after delivery was negatively correlated with capacity to confide, hardiness, assertiveness, self-complexity, and communication. PPD at 4 weeks postpartum decreased belief systems, organization patterns, and communication. Two proposed self-designed questionnaires can be useful for effectively screening PPD in the Polish population.

Błażek Ambivalent Parental Communication Questionnaire (BAPCQ)

Communication is one of the three overarching processes of family resilience, along with the belief system and organizational processes of family life. Honest, unambiguous communication with a child is one of the important bases of a child's development and feeling of security and healthy functioning in relations. The aim of our research was to construct a questionnaire aimed to measure consistency in communication on two dimensions: verbal and non-verbal communication, statements, and actions of parents. In this study, 404 persons participated: 319 (79.0%) women and 85 (21.0%) men, aged 18 to 61 (M = 24.83, SD = 7.87). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor model with 52 items that were well-fitted to the data for both versions. The model indicators were found to be well suited to the data (for communication with the mother were: χ2 /df = 1.58, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.06, and for the communication with father version: χ2 /df = 2.34, RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.07). The Błażek Ambivalent Parental Communication Questionnaire (BAPCQ) could be used in a clinical context as well as in scientific studies and is designed to test adults who evaluate their communication with their parents.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire among community-dwelling disabled elderly individuals (WFRQ-CE)

Objective

To test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire among community-dwelling disabled elderly individuals (WFRQ-CE).

Methods

Convenience sampling was used to select 566 dyads of disabled elderly individuals and their caregivers. The Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire Chinese Version (WFRQ-C) was tested among elderly individuals. The Family Care Capacity Scale for Elderly Patients (FCCSE) was used as a concurrent validation tool for the caregivers, and the Psychological Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and the Social Support Assessment (SSRS-10) were used as concurrent validation tools for both the elderly individuals and the caregivers.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed four common factors-"Family belief," "Organization and problem solving," "Family communication," and "Utilization of external resources"-with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 56.94%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) yielded the following fit indices: chi-square/freedom degree (χ2/df) = 2.007, Tucker Lewis index (TLI) = 0.900, incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.917, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.916, parsimony goodness-of-fit index (PGFI) = 0.681, and root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.060. The concurrent scales were significantly correlated with the WFRQ-C total score and the scores for each factor (r values between 0.23 and 0.60, P < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93 for the WFRQ-CE and 0.87, 0.83, 0.89, and 0.65 for the four factors; the retest reliability was 0.96 for the total scale and 0.95, 0.92, 0.92, and 0.95 for the four factors; the split-half reliability was 0.85 for the total scale, and 0.81, 0.78, 0.79, and 0.68 for the four factors.

Conclusion

The WFRQ-CE has good reliability and validity among community-dwelling disabled elderly individuals and can be used to evaluate the level of family resilience.